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Файл:Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности (английский язык)
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Writing
Task 4.4 Remember when you last made a presentation at school or
university and write a review, including the facts (when, where, what, who
for), your analysis (good and bad points) and conclusion (what tips you could
suggest on the basis of your experience).
How to begin the presentation
Task 4.5 Answer the question:
What are the possible beginnings of the presentation in order to capture
the attention of the audience?
Now match the beginning and the example:
1. Tell a story from
your own experience
2. Offer an amazing
fact
3. Ask a question c) Some people make a practice of talking to strangers;
4. Set a problem d) My first childhood memory was a book with coloured
5. Make a joke e) Let me give you a statistic: women read twice as
a) Our sales dropped by 17% compared to the last year
figures. What are we going to do about it?
b) I wonder if any of you here know the answer to this
question:
- What’s the most popular magazine for people under
the age of 25?
others make a practice of talking to themselves; still
others make a practice of talking too much. I’ll be brief.
pictures…
much pocket books as men. Consider the opportunity it
opens for a publishing house.
Speaking
Task 4.6 Draw up a suitable introduction and beginning for the presentation
and show to your peers. You can find a list of useful expressions below.
Situation 1. You present the idea for a new teenage magazine advertising
campaign to the CEO of your company.
Situation 2. You present the new book or film to the readers and viewers
of St. Petersburg market.
Situation 3. Make a presentation of your profession to the other department.
Situation 4. Present the advantages of studying at your institute to high
school leavers who can choose to apply for it.
Situation 5. Make a presentation of the new printing equipment you are
going to buy for your company.
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Vocabulary to Begin a Presentation
Introducing yourself and greeting Представление и приветствие
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen./
Good afternoon, everyone. Right, ...
Let me introduce myself. My name is...
I’m a (your job) ...
Good to see you all. Приятно всех вас видеть.
Expressing purpose Цель презентации
My purpose/objective/aim today is ... Моя цель сегодня …
What I want to do this morning is ... Сегодня я хочу…
I’m going to tell you about the ideas
we’ve come up with for the ad campaign.
This morning, I’d like to outline the
campaign concept we’ve developed for
you.
Let’s start with the background. Начнем с предыстории.
I’ll give you the background and talk
you through the results of the market
study.
Schedule Время
My presentation/talk/lecture will take/
last about 20 minutes.
We’ll be having a coffee break at about
...
We’ll be stopping for lunch at ... Мы прервемся на обед в …
I’m going to divide my talk into four
parts. First, I’ll give you ...; after that...;
Finally, I’ll be looking at ... И, наконец, мы рассмотрим…
Доброе утро, дамы и господа./
Добрый день всем. Итак, …
Позвольте представиться. Меня зовут… Я работаю …
Я собираюсь рассказать вам об
идеях, которые мы предлагаем для
рекламной кампании.
Сегодня утром я бы хотел представить вам концепцию кампании,
которую мы разработали для вас.
Я введу вас в курс дела и подойду к
результатам маркетингового исследования.
Моя презентация / выступление /
лекция займет/ продлится около 20
минут.
У нас будет небольшой перерыв на
кофе в.
Мое выступление состоит из четырех частей. Сначала я приведу…,
затем…
Signposting/ Structuring the presenta-
tion
During my presentation, I’m going to
be focusing on four main areas. Firstly
...
This talk is divided into four main
parts: firstly, ... etc.
Let me begin with/To start with/Firstly,
I’d like to look at ...Then/Secondly, I’ll
be talking about ...Thirdly, ...
План и структура презентации
В презентации я собираюсь охватить четыре основные области. Вопервых,..
Мое выступление делится на четыре
части: первое,
Начну с…/ Для начала…/Вначале
хочу рассмотреть…Затем, вовторых, поговорим о…В-третьих,..
122
My fourth point will be about ... Четвертый пункт моего выступле-
ния о…
Inviting questions Вопросы
If you have any questions, or comments you’d like to make, don’t hesitate /feel free to ask/ stop/ interrupt
me at any time.
I’ll be glad to answer any questions (at
the end of my talk).
If you’re not clear about anything, go
ahead and ask any questions you want.
I’ll be glad to reply to any questions
that you may have, so please do feel
free to interrupt me at any point.
I’ve prepared some handouts here that
I will distribute at the end.
Discouraging questions Как отложить вопросы
At the end of my talk, there will be a
question-and-answer session. I would
appreciate it if you could keep your
questions until then.
I’ll be happy to answer any questions
you have at the end of my presentation.
Если у вас есть вопросы или комментарии, не стесняйтесь спрашивать /прерывать /перебивать в
любой момент.
Буду рад ответить на все ваши вопросы (в конце выступления).
Если что-то непонятно, сразу задавайте любые вопросы.
Буду рад ответить на любые ваши
вопросы, поэтому не стесняйтесь
прервать меня в любом месте.
Я подготовил раздаточные материалы, которые раздам в конце выступления.
В конце выступления я оставлю
время на вопросы и ответы. Я был
бы благодарен, если бы вы отложили свои вопросы до той поры.
Буду счастлив ответить на любые
вопросы, которые у вас будут, в
конце выступления.
Visual Aids
Task 4.7 Match these types of charts to the illustrations:
1. line graph 2. table 3. diagram 4. flow chart 5. bar chart 6. organogram 7.
Gantt chart 8. pie chart 9. layout 10. bubble chart 11. radar chart (spidergram)
a)
123
b)
c)
d)
e)
g)
i)
124
f)
h)
j) k
Task 4.8 Fill in the gaps presenting visuals.
1 Now, I’d like to _________ to my next slide.
2 _________ a look _________ this chart.
3 This map _________ the site of our new building.
4 _________ it is. Now, _________ see, it is a very big modern building
and ...
Task 4.9 Read the tips you need to present visuals. Explain them giving
an example.
1. Don’t use all capital letters as it makes it difficult to read.
2. A lot of statistics is fine for a handout, but it makes too much information
for a slide.
3. Do not use bullet points followed by numbers, choose either.
4. Provide the sources of information and references.
5. Start with the title slide and put your name on it. Finish with your
contact details.
6. Do not read the text on the slides, they are to illustrate your speech not
to replace you.
7. During the presentation do not turn your back on the audience pointing
to a slide.
8. Do not gesture to the screen, use the pointer.
125
Vocabulary for Visuals and Transitions
Using visuals Визуализация
Let’s have a look/ look at .../I’d like
you to look at this …/Let me show you
...
If you look at the screen, you’ll see /As
you can see ...
This table/diagram/chart/graph/slide
shows
On the right/left you can see ... Справа/ слева вы видите…
Could I draw your attention to the
chart?
I’ll let you read this one. (pause) Прочтите это (пауза).
Moving on to the next point Переход к следующему вопросу
So far we have looked at ... Let’s now
move on to/turn to ...
I’d now like to go on to ... Я хотел бы перейти к…
This leads/brings me to ... Это приводит нас к вопросу о…
Let me just try and sum that up before
we move on to
Посмотрите на...
Если вы посмотрите на экран, вы
увидите.../ Как видите, ...
Таблица/ схема/рисунок/график/
слайд показывает...
Хочу обратить ваше внимание на
эту таблицу.
Пока мы рассмотрели… Теперь давайте перейдем к…
Позвольте подытожить, прежде чем
мы перейдем к…
BODY LANGUAGE
Task 4.10 Read the text and make notes about the body language.
Paul Ekman, who spent years studying the facial expressions in Papua New
Guinea, first published six universal emotions in 1972 (anger, disgust, fear,
happiness, sadness and surprise). He later went on to revise this in the nineties
to amusement, contempt, contentment, embarrassment, excitement, guilt,
pride in achievement, relief, satisfaction, sensory pleasure and shame. You
can watch a demo on practicing emotions on http://www.paulekman.com/
wp-content/uploads/training/demo/eMETT-Demo.php
Watch your body language in the mirror and rehearse beforehand:
Facial expression: relax your face muscles and smile
•
Posture: stand up straight, feet slightly apart, one foot slightly in front
•
of the other.
Gestures: open hands, open arms hold an audience’s attention.
•
Hands: one palm holding the other hand is a relaxed, confident position.
•
Approaching to emphasize importance
•
Mannerisms to avoid: playing with pens, pointers, or papers; jingling
•
money in pockets; fiddling with hair; avoiding eye contact.
126
Watch the body language of the audience and respond to be in control:
Head: tilting heads, leaning forwards, hands moving to chins means you
•
are getting your point across.
Mouth: if the audience start covering their mouths with their hands, it
•
means they are not convinced or doubt what you are saying – stop and
ask for comments.
Arms and legs: folded arm gestures and crossed legs can show disagreement –
•
stop and use a check-up question.
Task 4.11 Now practise as a group.
1. Stand up and make eye contact with everyone in the room without
speaking for five seconds. Imagine you are a lighthouse, its beam continually
moving round the whole audience. The other students give feedback on how
it felt for them and also on the impression the presenter made.
2. Think of a rhetorical question to ask in your presentations. Then stand
up and ask the question, pausing and making eye contact with the audience.
People from some cultures may find this extremely difficult and unnatural.
Good eye contact is necessary and natural for an Anglo-Saxon culture. Don’t
worry too much if you can’t manage the five-second pause. Congratulations
if you manage at least a three-second pause.
Task 4.12 Read, translate and retell the text.
BODY LANGUAGE
Gestures and postures express our emotions and feelings, not obvious
from the words we are actually pronouncing. Careful observations of the other
party’s body language can give one a much more reliable impression of what
that person feels than the real words: the more controlled the verbal expression
is the less truthful than the behaviour of the body itself. This is true for all
nationalities, genders and ages.
For example, a child can literally put his foot down and we know immediately
that he is obstinately trying to get his own way. When your boss puts his foot
down and refuses to let you leave work early, you will not see his foot actually.
Fixed expressions can imply both physical and psychological meanings.
For instance, a physician in case of a bad cough by the phrase “Get it off your
chest” means you need to get the fluid out of your bronchial tubes. Whereas the
psychiatrist uses precisely the same words about the depression, recommending
to get your worries off your mind.
127
You might have heard the expression to pull someone’s leg. If I believe what a
friend is saying, even though it is not actually true and is only intended as a joke,
he might then say, “I’m only pulling your leg”, meaning they are only teasing
me. This expression has a rather grim origin in a hangman’s practice of pulling
the victim’s leg when a rope around his neck failed to have the intended effect.
So pulling someone’s leg now means joking or teasing, just as the verb torment
can refer to teasing as well as to physical torture. No, I’m not pulling your leg!
Vocabulary
body language – язык тела, язык жестов
posture [ˈpɒstʃə] – поза, осанка, положение,
attitude – отношение, позиция, мироощущение, подход, установка
renowned for – известен чем-л.
innate [ɪˈneɪt] – врожденный, природный
to coin – чеканить (монету), фабриковать, измышлять, создавать
новые слова
stiff-necked – упрямый, высокомерный, чопорный, натянутый
pushover – легкопреодолимое препятствие, пустяковое дело; неслож-
ная задача
to put one’s foot down – настоять на своем, придерживаться своей
позиции, уметь сказать «нет»
welcome someone with open arms – приветствовать кого-либо с распростёртыми объятиями
keep someone at arm’s length – держать на почтительном расстоянии
obstinately syn stubbornly – упрямо, упорно, настойчиво
firmly – твердо, крепко, неизменно
insistently – настойчиво, упорно; настоятельно
Get it off your chest! – облегчить душу, скинуть груз с души, словно
гора с плеч упала.
Task 4.13 Match the emotion to the different groups of gestures
1. nervous/defensive
2. aggressive
3. open/friendly
4. bored
5. thoughtful/interested
128
A. open hands; unbuttoned jacket; unbuttoned collar; jacket off; a lot of
eye contact; smiling; nodding; head moving closer; arms extended;
B. dry/clearing throat; hand covering mouth; avoiding eye contact; touching ear or hair; perspiration; opening and closing hand; fiddling with notes;
holding pen/pointer; arms crossed; shifting weight from one foot to another;
C. pointing finger or pointer; staring; looking over top of glasses;
D. head tilted to one side; hand touching chin; leaning forwards;
E. looking at a watch or an exit; foot swinging; doodling
Task 4.14 Look up the idioms given below in a dictionary and see which
expressions have comparable equivalents in Russian. Is there a common
psychological reason for this?
1. to keep someone at arm’s length.
2. to break/rack one’s brain (s) (about smth).
3. to have smth. on the brain.
4. to make a clear breast of smth.
5. to have an eye for smth.
6. to be up to the ears in smth.
7. to lose face
8. to keep a straight face
9. one’s hair stood on end
10. not to turn a hair
11. to be at hand
12. to lose one’s head
13. to have one’s heart in smth.
14. to stretch one’s legs
15. be a pain in the neck
16. to poke one’s nose into someone’s business
17. to have smth. on the tip of one’s tongue
18. to fight tooth and nail
Voice
Task 4.15 Read the rules about using the voice and practise them.
Do not use monotonous tone: speak faster to excite, speak slow to show
importance.
Emphasize the important point with loud voice.
129
Pause often to give them time to think and look round the audience. To
keep the pause count to three silently.
Do not shout but send your voice to reach the back wall like a ball.
Watch your speech for ‘Uhm, errh, etc.’ Replace them with a pause.
Pitch
•
•
•
shrill and tense
1
gives meaning to speech
lower pitched voices sound warm and authoritative
higher pitched voices more excitable, tense and younger
higher notes help sound carry (a scream) but can also make us sound
Tune your ear to the pitch you use: to learn the difference between pitch
and volume
count from 1 to 10 rising in pitch...
•
count from 1 to 10 rising in volume ...
•
count from 1 to 10 falling in pitch ...
•
count from 1 to 10 falling in volume ...
•
ENDING PRESENTATIONS
Task 4.16 Read the rules and re-arrange the phrases from the end of a
presentation in the right order.
1. The conclusion should be brief but bright to consolidate the message.
2. Land the final blow.
3. Pause, signpost, summarize, repeat the message and thank for attention.
4. Invite questions.
A. If you have any questions, I’d be delighted to answer them.
B. Thank you for your time and interest.
C. Let me go over that again. (Pause.) We’ve looked at four of the main
areas where cross-cultural communication can be improved: language, time,
space, and logical reasoning.
D. In conclusion, I’d just like to leave you with one of my favourite quotations: ‘The peoples of the world are like islands shouting at each other over
seas of misunderstanding.’ Let’s start building those bridges.
E. In the handouts, which I’ll be distributing in a moment, you’ll find a
more detailed analysis of what we’ve been talking about today.
1
Pitch – высота тона.
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