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Файл:Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности. Английский язык. Обучение во втором семестре. Учебное пособие
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Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего
профессионального образования
«Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
промышленных технологий и дизайна»
Е. А. Климов, С. В. Климова
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ОБУЧЕНИЕ ВО ВТОРОМ СЕМЕСТРЕ
Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом
университета в качестве учебного пособия
Санкт-Петербург
2022
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
К49
Рецензенты:
кандидат филологических наук,
доцент Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета
промышленных технологий и дизайна Н. Ю. Романова;
кандидат филологических наук,
доцент Гуманитарного института Санкт-Петербургского
политехнического университета Петра Великого Л. К. Бободжанова
Климов, Е. А.
К49 Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности. Английский язык.
Обучение во втором семестре: учебное пособие / Е. А. Климов, С. В. Климова. –
Санкт-Петербург: ФГБОУ ВО СПбГУПТД, 2022. – 67 с.
ISBN 978-5-7937-2162-2
Целью данного пособия является обучение магистрантов практическому
владению иностранным языком в сфере профессионального общения.
В пособии представлены материалы для аудиторных занятий и самостоятельной
работы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности», а
также контрольные задания и краткие справочные материалы по грамматике
английского языка.
Учебное пособие предназначено для обучающихся по программам магистратуры
заочной формы обучения 38.04.01 – Экономика, 38.04.02 – Менеджмент.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
ISBN 978-5-7937-2162-2
© ФГБОУВО «СПбГУПТД», 2022
© Климов Е. А., 2022
© Климова С. В., 2022
Оглавление
Введение..................................................................................................................4
Раздел 1. Материалы для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы….........5
A. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY.........5
UNIT 1. PROFESSIONAL SPHERE DESCRIPTION…………….......……....5
UNIT 2. MONITORING AND CONTROLLING RISKS INVOLVED
IN PROJECT REALISATION…………………….......…..…………9
UNIT 3. BUSINESS ORGANIZATION………………..………..………....…..14
B. PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
PROFESSIONAL SPHERE…………………………………..…....……….
UNIT 4. NEW TRENDS………………………………...………..……………..
UNIT 5. NETWORKING……………………………………..….......…………
UNIT 6. PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT……………......…...2
Раздел 2. Грамматический справочник………………...…………....….......3
Gerund………………………………………………………..…….......…………3
Infinitive or Gerund……………………………………………….....…………
Noun + Noun Combinations…………………………………….......……..….......4
Раздел 3. Контрольная работа………………………………......……..….....4
Пояснения к выполнению контрольной работы.................................................4
Образец выполнения контрольной работы.........................................................
Контрольная работа. Вариант 1…...........................................…………………
Контрольная работа. Вариант 2………………...................................................
Контрольная работа. Вариант 3………………...................................................
Контрольная работа. Вариант 4…………….......................................................
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8
3
3
…39
0
1
1
42
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15
54
57
Заключение…………………………………..…………….....…..……………..6
Список использованных источников……………………….......………..….6
Appendix 1. Giving a Presentation….………...………………............………..6
Appendix 2. Case Studies………………..…………..…………...…...………....
0
1
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65
3
4
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с рабочей программой
дисциплины «Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности» с целью
обучить магистрантов практическому владению английским языком для
решения профессиональных задач, изучения зарубежного опыта в сфере
профессиональных интересов, а также развития когнитивных и
исследовательских умений.
Пособие составлено с учетом специфики заочного обучения и состоит
из трех разделов, приложения и списка использованной литературы.
Первый раздел, предназначенный для аудиторной и самостоятельной
работы, состоит из 6 уроков, каждый из которых вводит грамматический и
лексический материалы, содержит текст экономического характера, а также
упражнения разного уровня сложности для тренировки и закрепления этого
материалы.
Второй раздел является грамматическим справочником, при
составлении которого были использованы материалы, предоставленные А. В.
Кохановой [3].
Третий раздел содержит пояснения к выполнению контрольной работы,
образец ее выполнения и 4 варианта контрольной работы.
В приложении 1. Giving a Presentation даются рекомендации по
подготовке мультимедийной презентации и вводится лексика, необходимая
для выступления с докладом.
Приложение 2. Case Studies может быть использовано для проведения
обучающимися проблемно-ситуационного анализа с целью активизировать
их познавательную деятельность.
Текстовый материал заимствован из оригинальной литературы и
интернет-сайтов на английском языке.
5
РАЗДЕЛ 1. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ДЛЯ АУДИТОРНОЙ
И САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
A. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
UNIT 1. PROFESSIONAL SPHERE DESCRIPTION
1. Discuss the following quotation.
Business is more exciting than any game.
Lord Beaverbrook
2. Read and translate the text.
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES
Economists assess the success of an economy’s overall performance by
studying how it could achieve high rates of output and consumption growth. For
the purpose of such an assessment, three macroeconomic variables are particularly
important: gross domestic product (GDP), the unemployment rate, and the inflation
rate.
Gross Domestic Product
The GDP equals the total value of goods and services produced in a country
during a year. Economic growth is, therefore, an increase in the amount of goods
and services produced.
Capital accumulation is an important factor for economic growth and
development, which involve large-scale investments in infrastructure, industry,
education, health, and financial sectors.
Macroeconomists usually try to assess the economy’s growth and
development performance either in comparison to other economies or over time.
In other words, macro-economists investigate why the economies of many
developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, tend to grow at a slower
rate than those of developed countries, and how the rate of economic growth for a
certain country can be improved over time.
Economies do not always grow steadily and can undergo periods of
slowdown or expansion. Slowdowns in economic growth are called recessions.
Severe economic slowdowns are called depressions (e.g. the Great Depression).
During recessions, aggregate incomes decrease, as does the demand for goods and
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services. As a result, firms realize less profit, more firms go out of business, and,
therefore, job opportunities become scarce.
On the other hand, economies can sometimes grow unusually fast. These
periods of rapid economic growth are called expansions, and particularly strong
expansions are called booms. During an expansion, businesses witness increasing
growth and, hence, profits; incomes are higher because more people get raises and
promotions; and, as a result, the demand for goods and services increases, which
causes firms to realize even more profits, and more job opportunities become
available.
3. Put the words in the correct order to make questions and answer them.
1. What/ definition / of / is / the /gross domestic product?
2. How/ evaluate / macroeconomists / do / economic growth?
3. What / to / the demand /happens / during recession / for goods ?
4. What / rapid / do /we / call / economic growth ?
5. How / businesses / do / during / expansions / develop?
4. Find equivalents in the text:
1. внутренний валовый продукт;
2. инвестиции в инфраструктуру;
3. развитая страна;
4. темпы экономического роста;
5. получить повышение по службе.
5. Match words with definitions.
1. consumption
a. the amount of something produced
2. sustainable
b. an amount of something that is used
3. evaluate
c. able to continue over a period of time
4. output
d. a period when the economy of a country is not successful
5. recession
e. to judge or calculate the quality or importance of something
6. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box and translate the sentences. You
don’t need all words.
rate, large-scale, growth, profit , incomes, develop
1. More help is needed for people on low _____ .
2. We must improve our response to _____ natural disasters.
3. She makes a big _____ from selling waste material to textile companies.
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4. Electronic publishing is a _____ area.
5. Unfortunately her _____ of progress is quite slow.
7. Match parts of sentences.
1. The second most important
macro-economic concept
a. because it imposes a variety of costs on the
economy.
2. Macroeconomic events and the
state of the economy
b. is the unemployment rate.
3. Inflation is one of the primary
concerns of economists
c. should anticipate how consumers’ incomes will
grow.
4. When economists study the
economy,
d. affect all members of society.
5. Business people forecasting
the demand for their products
and services
e. they must consider the decisions of individual
economic actors.
8. Translate the following noun combinations:
1. capital accumulation;
2. development performance;
3. job opportunities;
4. growth rate;
5. business analysis.
9. Write a summary of the text using not more than 70 words. The phrases
given below can help you. You don’t have to use all of them.
The article focuses on / examines / discusses…
The article gives an account of …/ gives a brief review of …
The article deals with …
The purpose of the article is to describe / review …
The main issues addressed in the article are …
The text is divided into … paragraphs. The first paragraph deals with … It then
goes on to…
The article begins with …
The article concludes that…
The article examines the notion of … and its impact upon the …
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THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Like all scientists, economists rely on both theory and observation.
Macroeconomists usually try to explain the economic world as it is and consider what
it could be. For this purpose, they use many types of data to measure the performance
of an economy. They collect data on incomes, prices, unemployment, and many other
economic variables from different periods and different countries. They then attempt
to formulate theories that could help explain these data. They try to answer such
questions as: Why do incomes increase over time? Why do some countries have high
rates of inflation while others maintain stable prices? What causes recessions and how
can economic policy be used to reduce their incidence and scale?
The goal of studying macroeconomics, however, is not just to explain economic
events but also to improve economic policy. Macroeconomic policies are government
actions designed to influence the performance of the economy as a whole. By
understanding how government policies affect the economy, economists can help
policymakers do a better job and avoid serious mistakes.
The policy goals that macroeconomists typically associate with the discipline include
economic growth, price stability, and full employment. Policymakers always face
three fundamental macroeconomic questions: (1) How can the rate of economic
growth be increased and sustained? (2) How can unemployment be reduced? (3) How
can inflation be kept under control? To find answers to these questions, policymakers
can implement the tools of three major types of macroeconomic policy: monetary
policy, fiscal policy, and structural policy.
The term monetary policy refers to the management of the nation’s money
supply (cash and coins, although modern economies have other forms of money such
as savings and time deposits and money market mutual funds). Most economists agree
that changes in the money supply affect important macroeconomic variables,
including national output, employment, interest rates, inflation, stock prices, and the
exchange rate. In almost all countries, monetary policy is implemented by a
government institution called the central bank.
Fiscal policy refers to decisions that determine the government’s budget,
including the amount and composition of government expenditures and government
revenues. The balance between government spending and taxes is a particularly
important aspect of fiscal policy. When the government spends more than it collects
in taxes, it runs a deficit, and when it spends less, the government’s budget is
in surplus. There is a consensus among economists that fiscal policy can have an
important impact on the overall performance of the economy.
Finally, the term structural policy includes government policies aimed at
changing the underlying structure, or institutions, of the economy.
9
10. Переведите предложения с английского на русский, подчеркните
герундий / герундиальный оборот и определите его функцию в
предложении.
1. They switched off the lights before leaving.
2. They stopped talking to each other.
3. Running long distances is my favourite sport.
4. Thank you for helping me.
5. I don’t like his way of talking.
11. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную форму (инфинитив или
герундий) и подчеркните его.
1. He decided (lose) weight.
2. She stopped (eat) chocolate.
3. They agreed (do) it.
4. They discussed (move) to London.
5. The job involves (deal) with customers.
12. Discussion. With a partner, discuss what you would you do in the
following situation and explain why.
You are new to the job. Would you stop work at 5 p.m. like other staff or
stay longer to finish work?
UNIT 2. MONITORING AND CONTROLLING RISKS INVOLVED IN
PROJECT REALISATION
1. Discuss the following quotation.
The basic rule of free enterprise: you must give in order to get.
Scott Alexander
2. Read and translate the text.
RISK MANAGEMENT
To identify risks, managers must consider the traditional performance
measures. Were the costs estimated correctly? Underestimating can undermine
profits, while overestimating can lose an opportunity for business improvement.
Were the time estimates reasonable? Past-due penalties can be significant. Other
risks can include the insolvency of the customer and /or the lack of expertise to
10
accomplish the tasks involved in the project. Weather, economic changes, and
governmental regulations can change the feasibility of any project. Above all is the
risk that the project is not sufficient to respond to changes that triggered the project
initiation.
To quantify risk, two dimensions need to be taken into account: (1) the
potential impact of the risk; and (2) the probability of the risk occurring. The
potential impact is a stronger factor. If the probability of a risk is high but the
impact is low, then the risk is considered a medium one, while a high-impact risk
with a low probability is a high priority.
There are several different strategies available for planning risk response.
One is to avoid the risk by doing something to remove or mitigate it. Another is to
transfer the risk by making someone else—a vendor perhaps—responsible for a
particularly risky part of the project. Finally, the project manager may decide to
accept the risk based on a cost-benefit analysis of the potential impact and the costs
associated with avoiding, mitigating, or transferring the risk.
The final step in risk management is to monitor risks continually throughout
the project in order to note any change in the status or a potential risk. Risk
managers accomplish this by holding regular risk reviews that identify changes in
risk probability or impact, risks that have passed, and new risks that have arisen
since the project began.
Managing a project, and its associated risks, requires a structured approach
to solving a problem with a temporary, unique solution. Project planning is a most
important stage, setting the stage on which the rest of the project must play out.
The project manager should be heavily involved in this planning process to ensure
his/her understanding of scope, time, and cost by which project success is
measured. Monitoring the activities enhances the probability that the project will
succeed. Each stage and process of project management should address the
minimization of risk to the firm, in terms of both money and reputation.
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