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Файл:Английский язык. Учебное пособие для аспирантов консерваторий и вузов искусств
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Саратовская государственная консерватория
имени Л.В. Собинова
О.Л. Петрова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебное пособие для аспирантов консерваторий
и вузов искусств
Саратов
2015
1
ББК 81.2 Англ
П 30
Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим объединением высших учебных заведений Российской Федерации по образованию в области музыкального искусства в качестве учебно-методического пособия
для студентов высших учебных музыкальных заведений
Рецензенты:
Фенина Н.Г. зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Новосибирской государственной консерватории им. М.И. Глинки, доцент,
кандидат пед. наук;
Лашкова Г.В. доцент кафедры английской филологии ИФиЖ
Саратовского государственного университета им. Н.Г. Чернышевского, кандидат филол. наук
П 30 Петрова О.Л. Английский язык: учебное пособие для аспирантов
консерваторий и вузов искусств. – Саратов: Саратовская госу-
дарственная консерватория имени Л.В. Собинова, 2014. – 228 с.
ISBN 978-5-94841-160-6
Учебное пособие предназначено для аспирантов и соискателей консерваторий и музыкальных вузов, нацелено на совершенствование знаний английского языка, развитие навыков понимания и перевода музыковедческой
литературы, совершенствование навыков общения на английском языке как
на повседневные, так и на общегуманитарные темы (проблемы экологии,
масс-культура сегодня и пр.).
Материал пособия позволит профессиональным музыкантам значительно пополнить свой лексический и терминологический запас, систематизировать знания по грамматике языка, активизировать и применить на практике навыки общения на английском языке. Пособие содержит коммуникативные задания к текстам, глоссарий и краткий грамматический справочник.
ISBN 978-5-94841-160-6
ББК 81.2 Англ
© Петрова О.Л., 2015.
© ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовская государственная
консерватория имени Л.В. Собинова», 2015
2
Lesson One
MOZART: POVERTY AND GENIUS
by Katherine B. Shippen and Anca Seidlova
Part I
I
''On the evening of January 27 at eight o'clock my wife was happily delivered of a boy," wrote Leopold Mozart in his journal. So, simply, did the under chapel master of the Archbishop of Salzburg record the
birth of his son, that genius Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The year was
1756.
There had been many eminent composers in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Handel had composed his great oratorios; Haydn had created the string quartet and had composed his symphonic and sacred music; Gluck had revitalized the opera; but Mozart's
was a universal talent, and he was supreme in all types of music.
His life was not an easy one. Heretofore musicians had earned their
livings either in the employment of a church or in the service of some
rich man. But Mozart, when he came of age, asserted that a musician
should be able to support himself. He would serve no master. And, if for
this reason he had a hard struggle with poverty, still he produced music
of serene, transparent beauty and technical perfection beyond that of
any that had gone before him.
His childhood was an exceptionally happy one, for he was reared
within the small circle of an affectionate family. His father was intelligent
and well educated, a music teacher who was the author of an excellent
book of instructions for playing the violin. He is said never to have punished the boy, but to have guided his unfolding genius with great skill
and tenderness.
Mozart's father realized very early that his son had genius. The
child had hardly learned to walk when he climbed up to the bench before
the clavier and amused himself by striking thirds with great delight. By
the time he was four and a half, before he had learned to read, he was
composing little pieces which he played to his father, who proudly
wrote them down.
It was not hard for the child to learn to play the violin either, for
he had a very sensitive ear. He could remember the difference of a quar-
3
ter of a tone several hours after he had heard it. But he hated loud noises;
Союзы
Примеры
1. as…as
так же… как и …
2.as long as
до тех пор пока
3.as soon as
как только
4.as well as
так же как и
5.both… and
как…так и
1. either.. or
или… или
2. in order that
для того чтобы
The genius of this composer is as great as that of
Haydn.
As long as you apply old methods, you won’t be
able to accomplish this research.
As soon as you finish your calculations, we shall
begin the test.
He performed Bach as well as Beethoven.
Bach is known all over the world both as an or-
ganist and as a great composer.
He is either at the office or in the Concert Hall.
The invitations were sent beforehand in order that
the Jury members might arrive in time for the contest.
the sound of a trumpet made him very unhappy.
One day his father and three friends were playing a quartet in the
garden when the little boy joined them and played the second violin part
without a mistake. Afterward they played it over again, and this time
Wolfgang played the difficult third part equally well.
(to be continued)
VOCABULARY NOTES
1. deliver – передавать, вручать; читать лекцию/доклад; нано-
сить поражение/удар
be delivered of – разрешиться (от бремени)
2. eminent – выдающийся, знаменитый (syn. prominent, famous;
ant. ordinary, unknown)
3. be supreme in…- превосходить в ч.-либо
4. His life was not an easy one. His childhood was a happy one.
The costumes were to be the modern ones. Здесь one – слово –
заместитель; ставится во избежание повторения упомянутого существительного
5. either…or… - либо … либо…
СОСТАВНЫЕ СОЮЗЫ
4
3. neither… nor
ни… ни
4. so that
для того чтобы
5. the… the
чем… тем
Neither he nor I know French.
I gave him the music so that he could practice the
piece at home.
The longer I listened to that music the more I liked
it.
6. heretofore – прежде, до сих пор
7. for this reason – по этой причине, в силу этого
8. rear – поднимать, воспитывать
9. within the small circle – в узком кругу
10. unfolding genius – растущий, раскрывающийся гений
11. hardly – едва; hard – трудный, тяжелый (о работе)
12. amuse oneself – развлекаться
13. by the time – к тому времени
this time – на этот раз
14. write/put down – записывать
15. have an ear (for music) – иметь музыкальный слух
16. join smb – присоединяться к кому-л.
Chapel master; compose; create; string quartet; symphonic music;
sacred music; opera; oratorio; musician; violin; skill; clavier; third;
piece; quarter of a tone; trumpet; technical perfection; loud; sound.
TERMINOLOGY
GRAMMAR COMMENTARU
1. A musician should be able to support himself. – Музыкант дол-
жен сам себя содержать.
Как модальный глагол should употребляется для выражения:
1) рекомендации, совета или обязательства:
You should see a doctor about this problem.
One should exercise daily
2) ожидаемого – того, что по мнению говорящего должно про-
изойти:
It should rain tomorrow.
My check should arrive next week.
5
ФУНКЦИИ ГЛАГОЛА SHOULD
Present
Past
Future
Долженствование
I must meet
him.
I have to meet
him.
I am to meet
him.
I should meet
him.
I had to meet
him.
I was to meet
him
The operas were
to be given in
German -
I shall have to meet
him.
-
Способность или
возможность совершения действия
He can help
you.
He is able to
help you.
He could help
you.
He was able to
help you.
He will be able to
help you.
Допустимость
совершения действия
I may use this
device.
I am allowed to
use the device.
I might use this
device.
I was allowed to
use the device.
-
I shall be allowed
to use this device.
Модальный глагол, выражающий долженствование (во всех
лицах ед. и мн. числа):
You should know it.
Вспомогательный глагол в формах сослагательного накло-
нения:
If I knew his address I should write to him.
Вспомогательный глагол для образования глагольных форм
Future-in-the-Past (в 1-м лице ед. и мн. числа):
I said I should help him.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ
2. There had been many eminent composers in Europe in XVII
th and XVIII th centuries.
Handel had composed his great oratorios.
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Времена группы PERFECT ACTIVE
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
I have sent the letter.
Have you sent the letter?
I have not sent the let-
ter yet.
I had already sent the
letter by 6 o’clock yesterday.
Had you sent the letter
by 6 o’clock yesterday?
I had not sent the letter
by 6 o’clock yesterday.
I shall have sent the
letter by tomorrow
evening.
Will you have sent the
letter by tomorrow
evening?
I shall not have sent
the letter by tomorrow
evening.
to say
сказать
to consider
cчитать, полагать
to know
знать
to assume
допускать
to think
думать, считать
to believe
полагать
to report
сообщать
to see
видеть
to suppose
предполагать
to hear
слышать
to expect
ожидать,
полагать
Действие, выраженное глаголом в форме Perfect, сотнесено с
моментом речи (в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем) и сообщает
нам о результате, полученном к указанному моменту.
3. He is said never to have punished the boy. - Говорят, он ни
разу не наказал мальчика
It was said to be the best orchestra in continental Europe. – Говорили, что это был лучший оркестр в континентальной Европе.
СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
(COMPLEX SUBJECT)
He … to have punished
It … to be the best …
– yпотребляется с глаголами, обозначающими утверждение,
знание, физическое восприятие, просьбу, приказание:
7
It is said that… Говорят, что…
It is reported that… Сообщается, что…
It was supposed that… Предполагали, что…
E.g. He was said to work a lot.
She is sure to come.
They appeared to have lost the way.
A car was heard to stop outside the door.
EXERCISES
A. COMPREHENSION.
MOZART: POVERTY and GENIUS
1. Answer the questions:
What can you say about the eminent composers in Europe in the XVII
th and XVIII th centuries?
What standpoint did Mozart assert when he came of age? Do you
share his view?
What was his father? What was his role in the boy’s up-bringing?
What does the author mean saying that Mozart’s childhood was a happy
one?
Do you think that happiness can be measured by how many people you
love?
Wolfgang was said to have a very sensitive ear for music. Will you
give any facts to prove the statement?
What instruments could Mozart play?
2. Say in English:
В XVII и XVIII веках в Европе уже было много выдающихся
композиторов. Гендель сочинил свои оратории, Гайдн создал струнный
квартет и свою симфоническую и духовную музыку, Глюк возродил
оперу, но талант Моцарта был универсален, и он был лучшим во всех
жанрах.
Жизнь его не была легкой. В то время музыканты зарабатывали
себе на жизнь службой в церкви или у богатых людей. Но когда он достиг совершеннолетия, Моцарт заявил, что музыкант должен быть в
состоянии содержать себя сам. Он не будет служить господину. И хотя
8
по этой причине Моцарт вел упорную борьбу с бедностью, он попрежнему создавал музыку, несомненно прекрасную и технически совершенную.
У него было исключительно счастливое детство. Его отец был
умен и хорошо образован. Он был учителем музыки, а также автором
отличной книги по обучению игре на скрипке. Говорили, он никогда не
наказывал мальчика, а направлял будущего гения с большим умением
и нежностью.
Отец Моцарта очень рано понял, что его сын гениален. К тому
времени, как Моцарту исполнилось четыре с половиной года, прежде
чем научиться читать, он сочинял маленькие пьесы, которые играл отцу, а тот с гордостью их записывал. Ребенку также не трудно было
научиться играть на скрипке.
B. COMMUNICATION
Improve your speech habits.
POWER FROM THE SUN
The sun is heat and light for the world. It is free. Oil is a form of
the heat and light from the sun. Oil is not free. The amount of oil in the
world is not known.
The question is: Is the sun directly useful in our homes and buildings? This is an important question. The answer, according to scientists,
is yes. Government leaders are hopeful. Direct power from the sun is
important to the future of all the countries in the world.
A. Change the following statements to questions:
1. The sun is heat and light for the world.
2. Oil is a form of the heat and light from the sun.
3. This is an important question.
4. The answer is yes.
5. Government leaders are hopeful.
B. Change the following positive statements to negative:
1. The amount of oil in the world is known.
2. Oil is free.
3. The sun is directly useful in our homes and buildings.
4. Government leaders are hopeful.
5. This is the question.
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C. Fill the blanks with the correct prepositions.
1. The amount …… oil is not known.
2. It is useful … our homes and … our buildings.
3. Direct power … the sun is important ---- the future … all countries.
4. Oil is one form … the heat and light ---- the sun.
5. It is heat and light … -- the world.
Speak on familiar topics:
HOME AND HOME LIFE
I. Answer the questions:
1. Where do you live? (Give your address.) Do you live in a flat or in a
house? What modern facilities does your flat offer?
2. What kind of flooring have you in your flat? Is the floor in the kitch-
en tiled or covered with leno(leum)? What do you do to keep the floor clean?
3. How are the windows of your flat situated? What kind of curtains
(hangings, blinds) have you got? Do the curtains in your flat act as blinds
only or do they give colour interest to the furnishing of the room?
4. How are the walls of your flat finished? Are the walls in the bathroom and W.C. tiled? Are the walls of the kitchen whitewashed, tiled or
wallpapered? Is the wallpaper washable? Do you like adorned or bare walls?
What do you take into consideration when hanging pictures?
5. How is your flat lighted? Is lighting only functional? If you think it
can be decorative as well, say how. What kind of switches have you in your
flat? Have you any with a pull cord? Do you think they are reliable? How
many sockets are there in your flat?
6. What labour saving devices have you at home? Do you vacuum the
floor or do you sweep it with a broom? Do you use a mop to clean the floor?
Which is easier – hand washing or machine washing? Discuss the advantages of the labour saving devices you have got.
7. Have you got a telephone? What is your telephone number? How do
you pay for the use of your telephone?
8. Where do you usually have your meals? Do you have meals in the
kitchen when you eat informally? Why do most housewives consider eating
in the kitchen very convenient?
9. Is your flat crammed up with things? What can be done in the flat to
make it more spacious? Are there any built-in cupboards or “hideaways” in
your flat?
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