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Файл:Английский язык. Учебное пособие для зоотехнических специальностей
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ВОЛОГОДСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ МОЛОЧНОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ
АКАДЕМИЯ ИМЕНИ Н.В. ВЕРЕЩАГИНА
В.Л. Попова, Т.А. Маркова,
Е.В. Сысоева, А.Д. Горева
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебное пособие
для зоотехнических специальностей
Москва
Ай Пи Ар Медиа
2024
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2
А64
Коллектив авторов кафедры иностранных языков
Вологодской государственной молочнохозяйственной академии
им. Н.В. Верещагина:
Попова В.Л. — канд. филол. наук, доц. кафедры;
Маркова Т.А. — канд. пед. наук, доц., зав. кафедрой;
Сысоева Е.В. — канд. пед. наук, доц. кафедры;
Горева А.Д. — ст. преподаватель кафедры
Рецензенты:
Мироненко Е.С. — канд. филол. наук, доц., ст. науч. сотр.
Вологодского научного центра Российской академии наук;
Механикова М.В. — канд. с.-х. наук, доц., зав. кафедрой зоотехнии
и биологии Вологодской государственной
молочнохозяйственной академии им. Н.В. Верещагина
А64 Английский язык : учебное пособие для зоотехнических специаль-
ностей / В.Л. Попова, Т.А. Маркова, Е.В. Сысоева, А.Д. Горева ; Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия им. Н.В. Верещагина. — Москва : Ай Пи Ар Медиа, 2024. — 94 с. — Текст : электронный.
ISBN 978-5-4497-2496-0
Цель настоящего учебного пособия заключается в том, чтобы позна-
комить студентов с иностранной лексикой их будущей специальности,
основными грамматическими явлениями, необходимыми для чтения ори-
гинальных научных текстов. Данные тексты служат подготовительным
этапом для перехода к самостоятельному чтению оригинальных текстов по
зоотехнии. Тексты отобраны из различных иностранных и отечественных
источников. Они сокращены и адаптированы, а также снабжены словарными списками, вопросами и лексико-грамматическими упражнениями.
Подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государ-
ственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки «Ветеринария и зоотехния», изучающих дисциплины «Иностранный язык (английский)», «Иностранный язык профильный (английский)», для аудиторной
и самостоятельной работы.
Учебное электронное издание
ISBN 978-5-4497-2496-0 © ФГБОУ ВО Вологодская ГМХА, 2024
© ООО Компания «Ай Пи Ар Медиа», 2024
Учебное издание
Попова Валентина Леонидовна
Маркова Татьяна Анатольевна
Сысоева Екатерина Валентиновна
Горева Анна Дмитриевна
Редактор А.В. Неверова
Технический редактор, компьютерная верстка Е.В. Савенкова
Обложка Я.А. Кирсанов, С.С. Сизиумова, фотобанк Freepik
Подписано к использованию 12.10.2023. Объем данных 6 Мб.
ООО Компания «Ай Пи Ар Медиа»
8 800 555 22 35 (бесплатный звонок по России)
E-mail: sales@iprmedia.ru
4
CONTENT
PART 1. IMPORTANCE OF FARMS ANIMALS
AND FEEDING-STUFFS ........................................................................................... 5
Text 1. Farm animals and their role in agriculture (Part I) ........................................... 5
Text 2. Farm animals and their role in agriculture (Part II) .......................................... 8
Text 3. The importance of farm animals ..................................................................... 11
Text 4. Farm animals and their products ..................................................................... 14
Text 5. The importance of feeding-stuffs .................................................................... 18
Text 6. Classification of feeds ..................................................................................... 22
Text 7. Succulents (green fodders and roots) .............................................................. 25
Text 8. Roughages (hay and straw) ............................................................................. 28
Text 9. Concentrates .................................................................................................... 31
Text 10. Digestibility of foodstuffs ............................................................................. 34
Text 11. Composition of feeds .................................................................................... 37
PART 2. FARM ANIMAL BREEDING AND FEEDING .................................... 41
Text 12. Our future speciality...................................................................................... 41
Text 13. Animal husbandry ......................................................................................... 42
Text 14. Dairy cow ...................................................................................................... 45
Text 15. Feeding dairy cow ......................................................................................... 49
Text 16. Calf ................................................................................................................ 51
Text 17. Importance of hay for calves ......................................................................... 54
Text 18. Swine ............................................................................................................. 56
Text 19. Feeding of swine ........................................................................................... 58
Text 20. Swine breeding .............................................................................................. 60
Text 21. Poultry ........................................................................................................... 62
Text 22. Selecting poultry ........................................................................................... 65
Text 23. Poultry feeding .............................................................................................. 67
Text 24. Horses ............................................................................................................ 69
Text 25. Stallion .......................................................................................................... 72
Text 26. Breeds (Part I) ............................................................................................... 73
Text 27. Breeds (Part II) .............................................................................................. 75
Text 28. Sheep ............................................................................................................. 77
Text 29. Experiments in fattening sheep ..................................................................... 80
SUPPLEMENTARY READING ............................................................................. 82
MAJOR REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 93
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES ............................................................................... 94
5
PART 1. IMPORTANCE OF FARMS ANIMALS
AND FEEDING-STUFFS
TEXT 1. FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURE
(PART I)
Vocabulary
agriculture, n
[´ӕgrıkʌltʃə]
сельское хозяйство
animal husbandry
[´ӕnıml ´hʌzbəndrı]
животноводство
farm animal
[fɑ:m ´ӕnıml]
сельскохозяйственное
животное
cattle, n
[´kӕtl]
крупный рогатый скот
poultry, n
[´pəʊltrı]
домашняя птица
cow, n
[kɑʊ]
корова
horse, n
[hɔ:s]
лошадь, конь
donkey, n
[´dɒŋkı]
осел
sheep, n
[ʃı:p]
овца, овцы
pig, n
[pıg]
свинья
branch, n
[brɑ:ntʃ]
отрасль
because of
[bı´kɒz]
из-за
supply, v
[sə´plaı]
снабжать, обеспечивать
clothing, n
[´kləʊðıŋ]
одежда
use, v
[ju:z]
использовать
soil fertility
[sɔıl fɜ:´tılətı]
плодородие почвы
except
[ık´sept]
кроме
6
value, n
[´vӕlju:]
ценность
give (gave, given), v
[gıv (geıv, ´gıvn)]
давать
furnish, v
[´fɜ:nıʃ]
обеспечивать
lard, n
[la:d]
сало, жир
meat, n
[mı:t]
мясо
egg, n
[eg]
яйцо
wool, n
[wu:l]
шерсть
improve, v
[ım´pru:v]
улучшать
manure, n
[mə´njuʊə]
навоз
1. Read and translate the text.
Animal husbandry is an important branch of agriculture. We know that farm
animals (cows, sheep, horses and pigs) play a great role in man's life. They are
necessary to man because of:
1) the food they supply;
2) the clothing;
3) their relation to soil fertility.
Nearly all farm animals except horses and mules have value because they give
human food. This is true of cattle, swine and poultry. Farm animals furnish us with
meat, lard, milk and eggs. Much of our clothing is made of wool or skin of farm
animals. For ages people have used some animals (esp. horses, mules and donkeys) in
doing their work. People also use manure from farm animals to improve soil fertility.
2. Answer the following questions.
1) Why do farm animals play a great role in man's life?
2) What farm animals do you know?
3) What kind of food products do farm animals furnish us with?
4) What are wool and skin used for?
5) Where does the man use manure from farm animals?
3. Match the words from the columns.
1) branch of agriculture;
a) сельскохозяйственные животные;
2) man's life;
b) плодородие почвы;
3) human food;
c) отрасль сельского хозяйства;
4) farm animals;
d) веками;
5) for ages;
e) продукты для человека;
6) soil fertility.
f) жизнь человека.
7
4. Fill in the blanks with the words: furnish, branches, value, manure, meat,
horses, wool, milk.
1) Much of our clothing is made of ______.
2) Agriculture is one of the main ______ in Russian economy.
3) This year our farmers produced a lot of ______ and ______.
4) The farmers used ______ for work.
5) ______ is necessary to improve soil fertility.
6) All of farm animals have ______.
7) Farm animals ______ us with different products.
5. Give three forms of the verbs.
For example: to be — was/were — been.
To know, to play, to supply, to have, to give, to furnish, to make, to use,
to improve.
6. Translate these word combinations into Russian.
Animal husbandry, important branch, branch of agriculture, in man's life,
necessary to man, the clothing, their relation, soil fertility, farm animals, our clothing,
for ages, his work, manure.
7. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets in the active voice. Translate
the sentences into Russian.
1. In early times people (to begin) to domesticate wild animals. 2. This farmer
(to buy) new dairy cattle this year. 3. I think the farm (to increase) the yields of crops
next year. 4. The scientists from our laboratory (to present) interesting reports at the
conference recently. 5. Last year the farmers (not/to rely) on feeds from pastures and
(to grow) additional crops for their livestock. 6. Such a ruminant animal as the cow
(to convert) large quantities of different grasses into milk which (to be) a valuable
product. 7. As our farm agronomist (to recommend), we (to spread) manure on this
field now. 8. The company (to replace) its old machines for dairy production in two
months, I believe. 9. People (to keep) domesticated animals either in special houses
or on pastures. 10. The production of dairy products constantly (to increase) in
Russia at present.
8. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) сельское хозяйство играет важную роль в экономике нашей страны;
2) сельское хозяйство будет производить больше мяса и молока;
8
3) сельскохозяйственные животные всегда обеспечивали нас шерстью для
изготовления одежды;
4) большая часть нашей одежды изготовлена из шерсти и шкур сельс-
кохозяйственных животных;
5) веками человек использовал животных в сельскохозяйственных ра-
ботах;
6) человек использует навоз, чтобы улучшить плодородие почвы.
TEXT 2. FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURE
(PART II)
Vocabulary
breed (bred, bred), v
syn. raise, v
[brı:d (bred, bred)]
[reız]
разводить крупный
рогатый скот
attach importance to
[ə´tӕtʃ ım´pɔ:tns]
придавать значение
trend, n
[trend]
направление
dairy farming
[´deərı ´fɑ:mıŋ]
разведение молочного
скота
beef, n
[bı:f]
говядина
mutton, n
[´mʌtn]
баранина
flesh, n
[fleʃ]
мясо
diet, n
[´daıet]
диета, рацион
demand, n
[dı´mɑ:nd]
спрос
own, v
[əʊn]
владеть
rise (rose, risen), v
[raız (rəʊz, rızn)]
увеличивать
go (went, gone) up, v
[gəʊ (went, gɒn)]
увеличиваться
fat, n
[fӕt]
жир
consumption, n
[kən´sʌmpʃn]
потребление
double, v
[´dʌbl]
удваивать
include, v
[ın´klu:d]
включать
hen, n
[hen]
курица
turkey, n
[´tɜ:kı]
индюк, индюшка
duck, n
[dʌk]
утка
goose (geese, pl), n
[gu:z (gı:z)]
гусь (гуси)
science, n
[´saıəns]
наука
feed (fed, fed), v
[fı:d (fed, fed)]
кормить
9
gain in weight
[geın ın weıt]
давать привес
health, n
[helθ]
здоровье
at the least cost
[ət ðə lı:st kɔst]
с наименьшими
затратами
turn out, v
[tɜ:n ɑʊt]
выпускать
ensure, v
[ın´ʃuə]
обеспечивать
increase, v
[ın´kri:z]
увеличивать
output, n
[´aʊtpʊt]
выпуск
1. Read and translate the text.
The main branches of animal husbandry are cattle breeding, pig breeding,
sheep breeding and poultry farming.
Cattle. The history of domesticated cattle begins with the history of
civilization. The chief specialization trends in cattle raising are dairy farming and
beef farming. Beef and milk are the most important products in man's diet. They are
high in nutritional value. There is a great demand for them.
Sheep are valued for their mutton and wool. Such breed as Merino is raised
primarily for wool, while other breeds are kept mainly for mutton.
Swine. There are two types of pigs, the fat or lard type and the bacon type. The
hog is the most efficient of all farm animals in producing meat for human
consumption. His efficiency as a meat producer is almost double that of cattle.
Poultry include hens, turkeys, ducks and geese. They are kept for flesh and
eggs. The breeds of poultry are numerous.
Science has made it possible for us to know how to feed any kind of farm
animal for any purpose. At present we not only know how to produce growth, or gain
in weight, or milk, or eggs, but we know the effect of different feeds on the health of
the animal and we know how to combine the feeds so as to give the animal what it
needs and at the least cost. Our farms are able to obtain high yields of animal
produce, because they work in close contact with science. Every year agricultural
academies turn out expert workers for the farms. Intensification of farm husbandry —
better feeding and selection, introduction of the scientific achievements and advanced
methods, and greater mechanization ensures a constant increase in the output of
animal products.
2. Answer the following questions.
1) What are the main branches of animal husbandry?
2) What are the chief specialization trends in cattle raising?
10
3) What are sheep valued for?
4) What types of pigs do you know?
5) Why are our state farms able to obtain high yields of animal products?
3. Match the words from the columns.
1) small cattle;
a) поголовье кур;
2) dairy cattle;
b) животноводческое хозяйство;
3) breeder cattle;
c) молочный скот;
4) a cattle breeder;
d) молодняк;
5) stock farm;
e) мелкий рогатый скот;
6) stock of hens;
f) племенной скот;
7) mother stock;
g) животновод;
8) young stock.
h) маточное поголовье.
4. Use the proper form of the word: to turn out, to furnish, mutton, cattle,
agriculture, pork.
1) Sheep are raised for ______ and wool.
2) The state farms ______ us with farm products.
3) Pigs are often raised for ______ and lard.
4) Farmers breed ______, pigs and poultry.
5) Livestock breeding is one of the important problems of our ______.
6) Agricultural academies ______ hundreds of specialists for state farms.
5. Read the words paying attention to the stress.
'Combine — to com'bine.
'Increase — to in'crease.
'Decrease — to de'crease.
'Produce — to pro'duce.
'Export — to ex'port.
'Process — to pro'cess.
'Present — to pre'sent.
6. Translate the international words used in the text.
History, civilization, specialization, productivity, Merino, bacon, efficiency,
producer, produce, effect, combine, contact, type, expert, selection, method, intensification, mechanization.
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