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Файл:Английский язык. Учебное пособие для зоотехнических специальностей
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7. Find irregular verbs in the text. Give three forms.
Model: to see — saw — seen.
8. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) животноводство — главная отрасль сельскохозяйственного произ-
водства;
2) сельскохозяйственные животные дают человеку пищу и одежду;
3) основные отрасли животноводства: разведение крупного рогатого ско-
та, свиноводство, овцеводство и птицеводство;
4) коров разводят для получения молока и мяса;
5) овцы дают мясо и шерсть;
6) птицу содержат для производства мяса и яиц;
7) главная задача животновода — обеспечить постоянное увеличение
производства продуктов питания.
9. Define the sentences in which the Present Simple Tense is used.
1) The Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy trains good zooengineers.
2) Our specialists know how animals gain in weight.
3) These cows gave 5 200 liters of milk per cow last year.
4) We bred sheep for wool.
5) This summer we shall work at the experimental and breeding zootechnical
stations.
TEXT 3. THE IMPORTANCE OF FARM ANIMALS
Vocabulary
fill, v
[fıl]
зд. занимать
convert, v
[kən´vɜ:t]
превращать
possess, v
[pə´zes]
представлять, обладать
properties, n pl
[´prɒpətız]
свойства
prosperity, n
[prɒ´sperətı]
процветание
1. Read and translate the text.
We know that farm animals (cows, sheep, horses, and pigs) fill an important
place in man's life. Animals convert raw materials into meat, milk, eggs, and wool.
Meat, milk, and eggs possess nutritive properties not available in plants.
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An agriculture based on livestock production helps build the soil because much
of the land is used for pasture and forage crops. A large part of the fertilizing value of
the feeds consumed by livestock is returned to the soil in the manure. An animal
agriculture increases farm income and provides the nutritious high protein feeds that
we need. Livestock production then is one of the strongest contributors to prosperity
and stability in agriculture.
Everyone benefits from animal husbandry. The farmer benefits because his
income is increased. The man benefits from an increased supply of meat, milk, and
eggs. The nation benefits because of the permanent improvements made in
agriculture.
2. Answer the following questions.
1) What farm animals fill an important place in man's life?
2) What products do animals give?
3) What does agriculture help build?
4) Does animal agriculture increase farm income?
5) Why does an agriculture based on livestock production help build the soil?
3. Match the words from the columns.
1) breed;
a) домашняя птица;
2) cattle;
b) уход;
3) grain;
c) содержание;
4) herd;
d) оборудование;
5) poultry;
e) зерно;
6) farming;
f) влияние;
7) management;
g) порода;
8) equipment;
h) сельское хозяйство;
9) influence;
i) стадо;
10) саrе;
j) крупный рогатый скот;
11) number;
k) цель;
12) research;
l) ученый;
13) breeding;
m) исследование;
14) aim;
n) расход;
15) development;
o) разведение;
16) input;
r) количество;
17) scientist.
s) развитие.
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4. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words below.
Stability, nation, permanent, farm, convert, agriculture, part, forage, material,
production, protein, conservation, base, animalist.
Words for help: материал, превращать, часть, сельское хозяйство,
протеин, ферма, продукция, стабильность, народ, перманентный (постоянный), консервация, базироваться (основываться), фураж, анималист (художник).
5. Match the synonyms from the lists of words.
1) income — milk, value, land, consume, profit;
2) possess — have, provide, supply, property, feed;
3) consume — return, utilize, provide, cause, value;
4) important — principle, large, chief, nutritious, high;
5) high — low, big, wide, good, raw.
6. Match the antonyms from the lists of words.
1) high — big, low, small, bad, slow;
2) increase — rise, consume, decrease, possess, have;
3) available — uncapable, unnecessary, unavailable, irregular, unable;
4) unimportant — available, necessary, able, important, slow.
7. Translate the words and word combinations into Russian.
Important place, raw materials, nutritive properties, available in plants, livestock production, pasture, forage crops, nutritious high protein feeds, the strongest
contributors, prosperity, stability, permanent improvements.
8. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) сельскохозяйственные животные занимают важное место в жизни че-
ловека;
2) питательные вещества перерабатываются животными в молоко, мя-
со, яйца;
3) много земель в сельском хозяйстве используются под пастбища;
4) животноводство увеличивает доход хозяйства;
5) постоянная модернизация сельского хозяйства приносит выгоду госу-
дарству;
6) скотоводство обеспечивает хозяйствам стабильный доход;
7) производство продуктов животноводства обеспечивает стабильность
сельского хозяйства.
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TEXT 4. FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Vocabulary
keep (kept, kept), v
[kı:p (kept, kept)]
выращивать, содержать
provide, v
[prə´vaıd]
обеспечивать, предоставлять
male, n
[meıl]
самец
parent, n
[´peərənt]
родитель
domestic, adj
[də´mestık]
домашний
chew, v
[tʃu:]
жевать
horn, n
[hɔ:n]
рог
rough, adj
[rʌf]
грубый
hoof, n
[hu:f]
копыто
pull, v
[pul]
тянуть, тащить
female, n
[´fi:meıl]
самка
fowl, n
[faʊl]
сельскохозяйственная птица
dip, v
[dıp]
погружаться на глубину,
нырять
1. Read and translate the text.
A cow is the fully-grown form of cattle kept on farm especially to provide
milk. A bull is the male form of cattle kept on farms to be the parent of young cattle.
A pig (swine) is a domestic and wild animal without fur that does not chew
grass; its flesh as meat: bacon, ham, pork is nourishing.
A sheep is a grass-eating animal that is kept for its wool and its meat. A goat is
a four-legged animal related to sheep. It has horns and gives milk and rough sort of
wool.
A horse is a large four-legged animal with hard feet (hoof, pl. hooves) which
people ride on and use for pulling heavy things.
A rabbit is a small long-eared animal of the hare family, which is kept for
meat and fur.
A turkey is a large bird bred for its meat, which is used as food esp. at
Christmas.
A hen is the female of the common domestic fowl kept for its eggs on farm.
Hen-coop is a hut for keeping poultry in.
A duck is a water bird, both wild and domestic. To duck means quick dip
below water (when bathing in the sea, etc.).
A goose is a water bird larger than a duck.
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2. Answer the following questions.
1) What farm animals can you name?
2) What farm animals do your parents keep?
3) What kinds of meat do you know?
4) What do farm animals (cows, pigs, sheep, rabbits) give us?
5) What is your favourite kind of meat?
6) What kinds of domestic animals have the largest numbers of different
names? Why?
7) What is a special name for rabbit's flesh?
8) What domestic animals do you like most of all?
3. Match the animals with the products they give.
1) calf;
a) honey;
2) ram;
b) eggs;
3) hen;
c) honey;
4) cattle;
d) veal;
5) rabbit;
e) pork;
6) sheep;
f) hide;
7) pig;
g) wool;
8) bee.
h) mutton.
4. Match the words with their definitions.
1) horse;
a) the fully-grown form of cattle kept on farm esp. to
provide milk;
2) duck;
b) a small long-eared animal of the hare family;
3) swine;
c) a water bird larger than a duck;
4) hen;
d) a large four-legged animal with hard feet (hooves);
5) rabbit;
e) a four-legged animal related to sheep;
6) turkey;
f) a grass-eating animal that is kept for its wool and its
meat;
7) sheep;
g) a water bird, both wild and domestic;
8) goose;
h) a domestic and wild animal without fur that does not
chew grass;
9) goat;
i) the female of domestic fowl kept for its eggs on farm;
10) cow.
j) a large bird bred for its meat, which is used as food.
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5. Fill in the brackets with proper prepositions: for, with, of (2), without,
below, on, to, as.
1) the fully-grown form ______ cattle kept ______ farm;
2) to be the parent ______ young cattle;
3) a domestic and wild animal ______ fur;
4) animal that is kept ______ its wool;
5) a four-legged animal related ______ sheep;
6) a four-legged animal ______ hard feet;
7) which is used ______ food;
8) means quick dip ______ water.
6. Find 20 hidden words.
c o w b u l l v b c h o r s e a m e a t i c a j f g o a t
b
c o c k e r e l u m k e h a m a p o r k f p i g u b s l k n d u c k t b h o e
l
g h k i t i e q y a b e e f o t e s r m h e n j n k p t p
b
1) A young hen.
2) The female bird kept for its eggs on farms.
3) The meat from a sheep.
4) A fat, usually pink, short-legged omnivorous animal kept on farms for flesh.
5) A male of poultry kept on coops.
6) The meat from the thigh of a pig.
7) The female form of cattle kept on farms especially to provide milk.
8) A swimming bird with a wide beak sometimes kept for meat, eggs and soft
feathers.
9) The meat from a cow.
10) A small long-eared animal of the hare family, which is kept for meat and
the fur.
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11) The flesh of animals (sometimes including birds but not including fish),
which is eaten.
12) A large four-legged animal with hard feet (hooves). People use it for riding
and pulling heavy things.
13) The meat from a pig.
14) Flesh of domestic fowl as food.
15. A grass-eating animal that is kept for its wool and its meat.
16) The meat from a calf.
17) A large bird bred for its meat, which is used as food, especially at
Christmas.
18) A young cow.
19) A four-legged animal related to sheep. It has horns and gives milk and
a rough sort of wool.
20) The male form of cattle kept on farms to be the parent of young cattle.
7. Fill in the proper word.
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8. Match the following pictures.
TEXT 5. THE IMPORTANCE OF FEEDING-STUFFS
Vocabulary
state, n
[steıt]
состояние, зд. процесс
break (broke, broken)
down, v
[breık (brəʊk,
´brɒʊkən) daʊn]
распадаться
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condition, n
[kən´dıʃn]
состояние
digestibility, n
[daıˏdʒestə´bılətı]
усвояемость,
переваримость
palatability, n
[ˏpӕlətə´bılətı]
вкус, вкусовые качества
divide, v
[dı´vaıd]
делить
succulent, adj
[´sʌkjʊlənt]
сочный
roughage, n
[´rʌfıdʒ]
грубый корм
silage, ensilage, n
[´saılıdʒ, ´ensəlıdʒ]
силос
silo, n
[´saıləʊ]
силосная яма
root crop, n
[ru:t krɒp]
корнеплод
negligible, adj
[´neglıdʒəbl]
незначительный
preserve, v
[prı´zɜ:v]
хранить, сохранять
cut (cut, cut), v
[kʌt (kʌt, kʌt)]
резать, измельчать
length, n
[leŋθ]
длина
corn, n
[kɔ:n]
кукуруза
clover, n
[´kləʊvə]
клевер
rye, n
[raı]
рожь
oats, n
[əʊts]
овес
alfalfa, n
[ӕl´fӕlfə]
люцерна
consider, v
[kən´sıdə]
считать, полагать
purpose, n
[´pɜ:pəs]
цель, назначение
straw, n
[strɔ:]
солома
variation, n
[ˏveərı´eıʃn]
разнообразие
constitute, v
[´kɒnstıtju:t]
составлять
peas, n pl
[pı:z]
горох
beans, n pl
[bi:nz]
бобы
cereal, n
[´sıərıəl]
хлебный злак
millet, n
[´mılıt]
просо
1. Read and translate the text.
The animal body is in a constant state of breaking down and building up. Good
results in feeding are determined not only by the chemical composition of the food.
The physical condition and digestibility of the food, its palatability, supply of
vitamins and the condition of the animal are all important factors.
Feeding-stuffs of the farm animals may be divided into succulent foods,
roughages and concentrates.
Succulents. Succulents have a low dry-matter content. They include green
fodders and the silage made from such feeds as potatoes and root crops. Succulent
20
foods are characterized by a low dry-matter content. Potatoes and roots are very
watery. Succulent foods are very digestible. Their protein content is low and fibre
content is negligible.
Silage. Silage, or ensilage, is a green fodder preserved in a succulent state.
When placed in silos, the fodder is usually cut into short lengths. The crops used for
silage include corn, millet, clover, rye, oats, alfalfa, grass and others. Corn is
considered the best general purpose crop. Silage is first of all a food for the cow. It is
also a good food for sheep, being especially useful for ewes with lambs at foot.
Roughages. Roughages include hay and straw. They are bulky foods characterized by a high fibre and a low protein content. Cereal straws contain from 2 to 4
per cent of protein, oats being commonly the richest and wheat the poorest. Straw is
less digestible than hay. If haymaking is well performed, the hay is almost as good as
the green fodder. There is a great variation in the quality of roughages.
Concentrates. Concentrates are foods that have low moisture content, a high
energy value and a good digestibility. The fibre content is low. The cereals constitute
a protein deficient group and normally are used with feeds, which supply the
necessary protein. Peas and beans, all kinds of dried grass come into the mediumprotein group.
2. Translate the following noun chains.
Animal body, feeding results, food digestibility, vitamin supply, farm animals,
cereal straws, fibre content, low protein content, low moisture content, low dry matter
content, root crops, purpose crop, high energy value, medium-protein group, protein
deficient group.
3. Fill in the blanks with the words: best, content, low, watery, short, food,
quality, include, less.
1) Succulents have a ______ dry matter content.
2) Potatoes and roots are very ______.
3) When placed in silos the fodder is usually cut into ______ length.
4) Corn is considered the ______ general purpose crop.
5) Silage is first of all a ______ for the cow.
6) Roughages ______ hay and straw.
7) Straw is ______ digestible than hay.
8) There is a great variation in the ______ of roughages.
9) The fibre ______ in concentrates is low.
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