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(but not Scotland). The Supreme Court does not hear evidence from witnesses
but instead considers legal argument and documentary evidence.
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
The Court of final appeal for UK overseas territories and Crown
Dependencies, and for certain Commonwealth countries. It is not bound by its
previous decisions.
Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal is a Superior Court and a Court of Appeal does not
hear witnesses but considers legal argument and documentary evidence.
The civil division deals with appeals from the High Court, county courts and
certain tribunals.
High Court
The High Court is one Superior court, but it is split into divisions. The High
Court is divided into three main ‘divisions’, each one dealing with different
sorts of cases. The detailed divisions of High Court are:
Queen's Bench Division (which deals with cases involving things like
contracts and negligence). It deals with civil matters at first instance and
includes claims in contract and tort. Family Division which deals with civil
matters at first instance, includes defended divorces, matters relating to
children. Chancery Division (which deals with property and money cases), civil
matters at first instance.
County Courts
Deal with all but the most complicated civil matters (which are heard at the
HC):
Inferior courts (jurisdiction limited by area) and cannot create a precedent.
Crown Court
Deals with trial by indictment (by jury), appeals from Magistrates’ Courts
from defendants, courts in civil cases, and cannot create a precedent.
Magistrates Court
An Inferior Court, dealing mainly with First Instance cases: 96% of criminal
cases are dealt with at a Magistrates’ Court. Has a wide-ranging civil
jurisdiction relating to local government.
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Tribunals
The tribunal system handles over 1,000,000 cases a year. Tribunals are
specialised adjudicatory bodies. Specialise in a number of specific areas, allowing a
forum to deal with cases involving conflicts between citizens and the State.
Task 13. Watch the movie “The Supreme Court of the United
States”.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxvG71Quin8)
Task 14. Comment on the movie “The Supreme Court of the
United States”.
Task 15. Write down an essay on the movie.
Task 16. Translate the passage from the article into Russian.
Task 17. Comment on this story.
Судиться по-английски: почему россияне в топ-3
клиентов британских судов
Россияне в 2017–2018 годах вошли в тройку самых активных спорщиков в Коммерческом суде Англии и Уэльса. Это объясняется вынужденной бизнес-эмиграцией и признанием решений британских судов по миру.
Россияне заняли третье место в списке самых активных спорщиков
в Коммерческом суде Англии и Уэльса за год с марта 2017 года по апрель
2018-го (поделив его с американцами). За это время были рассмотрены
дела с участием 20 юридических и физических лиц из России (речь идет
о вынесенных решениях), следует из ежегодного доклада британского
консалтингового агентства Portland (есть у РБК), охватившего 158 дел.
Свой рейтинг Portland составляет, основываясь не на количестве дел, а на
числе участников в каждом из разбирательств (истцов и ответчиков).
По сравнению с периодом 2016–2017 годов Россию опередил Казахстан
(31 участник процессов), который поднялся с третьего на второе место.
Лидером рейтинга, как и в прошлые годы, с большим отрывом стала Великобритания (267 спорщиков).
Коммерческий суд Англии и Уэльса – это подразделение Высокого су-
да Лондона по хозяйственным и имущественным делам. Он рассматривает
споры по банковскому и финансовому праву, международному частному
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праву, контрактному праву, сделкам с сырьевыми товарами, вопросам импорта, экспорта и транспортировки товаров, работе рынков и бирж и т.д.
В течение последних трех лет россияне стабильно входят в топ-3 передовиков британского коммерческого судопроизводства. Тройку лидеров
по сумме дел и их участников за три года составляют Великобритания
(673 спорщика), Казахстан (83) и Россия (70 спорщиков, участвующих
в 28 делах).
(https://www.rbc.ru/economics/29/05/2018/5b0bf85e9a7947dde3239724)
Task 18. Explain the situation. Is it funny or not?
A judge walks out of his courtroom chuckling to himself.
Another judge stops him and says, “What's so funny?”
“I just heard this funny political joke in my courtroom”, the first judge says.
“Really?” says the second judge, “Tell it to me, I want to hear it.”
The first judge says, “No way. I gave the poor guy 20 years of hard labor for
it.”
Task 19. Make up a dialogue on the situation from the task 18.
Summary test to Unit 7.
Choose the correct answer according to the text
“Court system in the Russian Federation”
1. The Russian court structure consists of federal and regional courts, both
headed by the ….. …...
a) State Duma
b) Supreme Court
c) State Government
2. Regional courts include magistrates' courts resolving ….. matters, and
the constitutional (statutory) courts of the Russian regions.
a) substantial
b) major
c) minor
3. Courts, as well as all other public authorities, are legally bound by
the resolutions of the ….. Court.
a) Supreme
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b) Constitutional
c) Magistrates
4. The Supreme Court is the court of ….. ;
a) cassation
b) trial
c) supervisory appeal
5. The Court for Intellectual Property Rights is a specialist ….. court that
resolves disputes connected solely with IP rights.
a) criminal
b) commercial
c) trial
6. Without a set of institutions to enforce legal rules, there would be … legal
system.
a) no
b) strict
c) shaped
7. Criminal courts determine the guilt or innocence of ….. according to
the parameters of the criminal law and dispense punishment to convicted
offenders.
a) jailed
b) defendants
c) accused
8. ….. courts primarily deal with the resolution of disputes between
individuals and award appropriate remedies to successful claimants.
a) Civil
b) IPR
c) Constitutional
9. ….. courts hear cases at ‘first instance’.
a) Constitutional
b) Trial
c) Superior
10. ….. Courts have unlimited geographic and financial jurisdiction.
a) Trial
b) High
c) Superior
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UNIT 8. CUSTOMS MATTERS
Pre-reading tasks
Comment on the following quote:
“In my opinion, the key tools of the World Customs Organization, which
contributed to the active integration into the WTO, are the Harmonized System
of Goods Classification, as well as the modernized Kyoto Convention on
simplification and harmonization of customs procedures”. Kunio Mikuria
(13.01.1954), The WCO Secretary General.
Answer the questions:
– What do you think about the role of the WCO in the World Economy?
– How old is the WCO?
– What is the role of the Russian Federation in the WCO?
Task 1. Read, translate and render the text.
World Customs Organization (WCO)
The intergovernmental organization established as the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) in 1952 to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
customs administrations worldwide. In 1948 a study group of the Committee
for European Economic Cooperation, a precursor of the Organisation for
European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), created a customs committee
to study the possibility of creating one or more inter-European customs unions.
This committee, formally established as the CCC in 1952, enjoyed decades of
growth, including the addition of new members outside Europe. In recognition
of its global membership, the CCC was renamed the World Customs
Organization in 1994. Headquarters are in Brussels.
Historically, the WCO has led the discussion, development, and
implementation of secure customs systems and procedures. The organization
developed and administered the Harmonized Commodity Description and
Coding System, an international standard classification system for
commodities.
The WCO has also been responsible for administering the World Trade
Organization’s Agreements on Customs Valuation, which provide a system for
placing values on imported goods, and the Rules of Origin, which are used
to determine the origin of a given commodity. Focusing on the protection of
societies through secure international trade, the WCO has enforced customs and
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curtailed fraudulent activities. The organization’s work has thereby led to
The intergovernmental organization established as
to improve
the growth of legitimate international trade.
The WCO represents more than 170 customs administrations worldwide and
processes more than 98 percent of all international trade. The WCO Columbus
Programme represents an integral part of the organization’s capacity-building
initiatives, which assess the needs of member governments. If the assessments
indicate substantial need, members are given tools, training, and support.
Various WCO meetings provide a forum for dialogue and exchange of
experiences in addition to technical assistance and training. The organization is
led by a governing council, a secretariat, and technical and advisory
committees.
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Customs-Organization)
Task 2. Answer the questions.
1. What is the WCO?
2. How was the CCC transformed into the WCO?
3. What was a historical goal of the WCO?
4. How many customs administrations are involved into the WCO activities?
5. What is the Columbus Programme?
Task 3. Vocabulary tasks:
a) Find the key words and expressions in the text, underline them.
b) Circle any words you do not understand.
c) Pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings.
Task 4. Make up a glossary of the terms used in the text.
Task 5. Fill in the missing words.
the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) in 1952 to ___
the efficiency and ___ of customs administrations
worldwide. In 1948 a study group of the Committee for
European Economic Cooperation, ___ of the
Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
(OEEC), ___ a customs committee to study the
possibility of creating one or more ___ customs unions.
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effectiveness
a precursor
created
inter-European
established
growth
This committee, formally ___ as the CCC in 1952,
enjoyed decades of ___, including the ___ of new
, the WCO has
represents ___ ___of the organization’s ___ ___
technical and advisory committees.
addition
a
The intergovernmental organization established as the Customs
and effectiveness of customs administrations worldwide
T / F
b
This committee, formally established as the CCC in 1952,
n of new
members outside Europe
T / F
members outside Europe. In recognition of its___ ___,
the CCC was renamed the World Customs Organization
in 1994. ___ are in Brussels.
Historically, the WCO has led the ___, development,
and ___ of secure ___ ___ and procedures. The
organization developed and administered the
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding
System, an international standard ___ ___ for ___. The
WCO has also been ___ for ___ the World Trade
Organization’s Agreements on ___ ___, which ___ a
system for placing ___ on imported goods, and the ___
_ ___, which are used to determine the origin of a given
commodity. Focusing on the protection of societies
through secure international trade
enforced customs and curtailed fraudulent activities. The
organization’s work has thereby led to the growth of
legitimate international trade.
The WCO represents more than 170 customs
administrations worldwide and ___ more than 98 percent
of all ___ ___. The WCO Columbus Programme
initiatives, which assess the needs of member
governments. If the assessments indicate substantial need,
members are given tools, training, and support. Various
WCO meetings provide ____ for dialogue and exchange
of experiences in addition to ___ ___and training. The
organization is led by a ___ ___, a secretariat, and
global
membership
Headquarters
discussion
implementation
customs systems
classification
system
commodities
responsible
administering
Customs Valuation
Provide
values
Rules of Origin,
Processes
international trade
integral part
capacity-building
a forum
technical
assistance
governing
council
Task 6. True / False: Guess if a-h below are true (T) or false (F).
Co-operation Council (CCC) in 1948 to improve the efficiency
enjoyed decades of growth, including the additio
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c
Historically, the WCO has led the discussion, development, and
implementation of freedoms and democratic values
T / F
d
The organization developed and administered the Harmonized
Commodity Description and Coding System, an international
standard classification system for commodities
T / F
e
The WCO has also been responsible for administering the World
Trade Organization’s Agreements on Customs Valuation
T / F
f
Focusing on the protection of societies through secure
curtailed fraudulent activities
T / F
g
The organization’s work has thereby led to the growth of
legitimate international trade
T / F
international trade, the WCO hasn’t enforced customs and
Task 7. Find the Russian equivalents to the following words and
expressions.
to improve, effectiveness, a precursor, to create, inter-European,
to establish, growth, addition, global membership, headquarters, discussion,
implementation, customs systems, classification system, commodities, to be
responsible, administering, customs valuation, to provide, values, Rules of
Origin, processes, international trade, an integral part, capacity-building,
a forum, technical assistance, governing council, to assess, member
governments, exchange of experiences, curtailed fraudulent activities, to secure
international trade.
Task 8. Find in the table the words and expressions which mean:
1. Activity directed to an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful
gain.
2. Capacity building is an investment in the effectiveness and future
sustainability of a nonprofit.
3. The act of starting to use a plan or system:.
4. The main offices of an organization such as the army, the police, or
a business company.
5. Something that happened or existed before another thing, especially if it
either developed into it or had an influence on it.
a precursor, headquarters, implementation, capacity-building, fraudulent
activities
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Task 9. Complete the sentences from the active vocabulary from
the text.
1. The intergovernmental organization established as the Customs Co-
operation Council (CCC) in 1952 ……………………………………….. .
2. This committee, formally established as the CCC in 1952, enjoyed
……….
3. Historically, the WCO has led the discussion, development, …………… .
4. The WCO has also been responsible for administering the World Trade
Organization’s Agreements on ………………………………………… .
5. Various WCO meetings provide a forum for dialogue and exchange of
experiences ……………………………………………………………….
Task 10. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “World
Customs Organisation”.
Task 11. Speech: Prepare a speech on the topic “World Customs
Organisation”.
Task 12. Read, translate and render the text.
Customs law as a branch of administrative law
Kadyrkulov M.A., Mozer S.V.
Improvement of instruments of customs administration: international and legal
aspect (The Revised Kyoto Convention Management Committee): monograph /
M.A. Kadyrkulov, S.V. Mozer. Moscow: Publishing House of the Russian
Customs Academy, 2018. 248 p.
According to Russian scientists the Customs law is the law in a civilized
society. It is one of the main instruments that can ensure the organization of
public life, the beginning of social discipline, the normal functioning of the
entire social organism, the effectiveness of social management. The law as
a highly effective and expedient social regulator. It is an instrument, a tool,
means of ensuring the functioning of other social institutions (state, social
management, morals, etc.). It is considered to be the branch of administrative
law.
There are the norms of the Customs law. The instruments by which
the natural-legal claims are transformed into subjective rights are the norms of
positive law. Social norms are prescriptive. As an instrument of public
79
regulation, they are always more or less an «external» regulator provided by
certain means of influence on people’s behavior. The Customs law is the system
of legal norms and the instrument of state power. Russian scientists believe that
«legal norms, especially the norms of codified acts, represent a kind of
«instrumental shop», that provides the legal system with well-developed legal
instruments».
Legal institutes of the Customs law. Along with the norms of a positive
law the group of legal instruments includes legal institutes. Scientists
reasonably consider the legal institutes (institutions) of law as legal toolkit
(instrument). With regard to customs regulation the system of customs
administration is characterized by a multitude of legal institutions. Among them
are the following institutions: the institution of customs control, customs
declaration, release of goods, customs procedure, export, customs transit,
authorized economic operator, customs brokers, classification, definition of
the origin, customs value of goods, customs payments, etc.
Task 13. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “Customs
law as a branch of administrative law”.
Task 14. Speech: Prepare a speech on this topic.
Task 15. Translate the text into English.
Нарушение таможенных правил
Любая деятельность в области таможенного дела связана с различными
видами рисков. Самыми распространенными из них являются риски
нарушения таможенных правил, ответственность за которые предусмотрена Кодексом об административных правонарушениях Российской Федерации (КоАП РФ).
Указанные риски могут нести за собой разные последствия, от административного наказания в виде предупреждения до уголовного преследования. Именно поэтому и, учитывая тот факт, что российское законодательство не предусматривает освобождение от ответственности за незнание
закона, мы предлагаем для Вашего обзора краткую статью о том, что же
такое нарушение таможенных правил, виды административных правонарушений в области таможенного дела и последствия, возникающие вследствие нарушения таможенных правил.
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