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Файл:Английский язык для юристов. Учебное пособие.pdf
proceeding) and what level of service can be expected. The last part of the
interview process is to summarize and confirm all this.
Task 13. Watch the movie “Initial Client Interview: “What
Personal Injury Victims Can Expect”.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_veRz2lsMB8)
Task 14. Comment on the movie “Initial Client Interview: What
Personal Injury Victims Can Expect”.
Task 15. Write down an essay on the movie.
Task 16. Render the text into English. Discuss the content.
5 мифов и заблуждений о работе юристов
1. Хороший юрист тот, который дает полную консультацию сразу,
в противном случае это говорит о его непрофессионализме.
С уверенностью Вам можем сказать, что это достаточно завышенные
требования к юристу. Тут стоит учитывать, что правовая система России
имеет свойство быстро меняться. То, что могло быть верным пару месяцев
назад, сегодня уже неактуально. К тому же ни одному нормальному человеку не под силу знать все нормативные акты и ситуации из судебной
практики. Поэтому даже если юрист уже сталкивался с подобной ситуацией раньше, прежде чем дать консультацию клиенту ему необходимо обратиться к актуальным нормативным документам, действующему законодательству и судебной практике. А потому, если юрист просит дать время,
чтобы подготовить ответ для клиента, это не значит, что он что-то не знает, это говорит о том, что проблема требует тщательного анализа.
2. Юрист просто обязан решить проблему клиента.
Увы, бывают ситуации, не зависящие от юриста, когда он уже не может помочь Вам с разрешением сложившейся проблемы. Бывает, что срок
исковой давности уже истек, что невозможно взыскать с человека, которому Вы дали крупную сумму денег, так как не получили долговой расписки и т.д. Вы должны понимать, что существуют правовые последствия,
которые юрист уже не в состоянии объективно устранить. Для того чтобы
не быть разочарованным в компетентности юриста и не попадать в подобные ситуации вовсе, следует своевременно обращаться за помощью к специалистам.
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3. Если юрист действительно профессионал, то он обязательно разре-
шит абсолютно любые проблемы клиента.
Это мнение тоже ошибочно, так как вы должны учитывать, что каждый юрист имеет узкую специализацию. Юристы, которые работают в нескольких смежных отраслях права, встречаются реже, но также стоит учитывать, что «универсальный» юрист может предоставить качественные
юридические услуги в том случае, если он имеет достаточно большую
практику в этих областях права. Во всех остальных случаях, все юристы,
как правило, обращаются за консультациями к своим коллегам, имеющим
практику в подобных ситуациях.
4. Профессиональный юрист всегда решит проблему просто
и быстро. Как раз все наоборот, если Вам юрист, при первой же встрече, заявляет, что сделает все быстро, недорого и по высшему разряду
Вам стоит хорошенько подумать, прежде чем воспользоваться услугами
такого правоведа.
5. Если юрист не дает 100% гарантии на успешность решения проблемы, то это плохой юрист. Опытный специалист всегда даст подробную
консультацию, распишет всю структуру действий по решению Вашей
проблемы, назовет стоимость своих услуг и подробно объяснит, почему
именно столько стоят его услуги. Если же Вы обратились к юристу, который не желает расписывать весь процесс и пояснять стоимость своих
услуг, то такой юрист не заслуживает доверия. Достаточно часто клиенты
требуют гарантий успешного разрешения проблемы. Понятно, что человек
платит деньги за услуги и хочет хоть каких-то гарантий, что его проблема
будет решена и деньги потрачены не зря.
Но опытный специалист прекрасно знает, что на исход решения могут
повлиять факторы, на которые он повлиять не в силах, например, от того,
как действуют оппоненты в процессе разрешения дела, политическое
влияние на судебную систему, личное отношение и убеждения судьи.
Помните, что лучше, когда Ваши интересы защищает специалист. Идеальным вариантом будет, если с Вами будет работать один и тот же юрист
постоянно.
(https://pikabu.ru/story/5_mifov_i_zabluzhdeniy_
o_rabote_yuristov_4257673)
Task 17. Comment on the situation.
A lawyer opened the door of his BMW, when suddenly a car came along
and hit the door, ripping it off completely. When the police arrived at the scene,
the lawyer was complaining bitterly about the damage to his precious BMW.
52
“Officer, look what they've done to my Beeeemer!!!”, he whined.
“You lawyers are so materialistic, you make me sick!!!” retorted the officer,
“You're so worried about your stupid BMW, that you didn't even notice that
your left arm was ripped off!!!”
“Oh my gaaad....”, replied the lawyer, finally noticing the bloody left
shoulder where his arm once was, “Where's my Rolex???!!!!!”
Task 18. Make up a dialogue on the funny situation.
Task 19. Dramatize the funny stuation.
Summary test to Unit 5.
Choose the correct answer according to the text “International
principles on conduct in the legal profession”
1. Lawyers throughout the world are … … who place the interests of their
clients above their own, and strive to obtain respect for the Rule of Law.
a) respected businessmen
b) specialized professionals
c) qualified workers
2. A lawyer shall maintain …... .
a) independence
b) dependence
c) disobedience
3. A lawyer shall at all times maintain the highest standards of ….., integrity
and fairness towards the lawyer’s clients.
a) dishonesty
b) honesty
c) unscrupulousness
4. A lawyer shall honor any undertaking given in the course of the lawyer’s
practice in a ….. manner, until the undertaking is performed, released or
excused.
a) timely
b) improper
c) unsuitable
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5. Lawyers are entitled to a ….. fee for their work, and shall not charge
an unreasonable fee.
a) senseless
b) reasonable
c) unsound
6. The first impressions that clients get from face-to-face meetings are
crucially …...
a) important
b) trivial
c) weak
7. The lawyer should come at the main issues ….., professionally and
comprehensively.
a) quickly
b) eventually
c) deliberately
8. For example, there are some common features to any ….. ….. .
a) client interview
b) client report
c) client answer
9. The lawyer needs to provide ….. on the legal issues.
a) question
b) advice
c) ignorance
10. It is important that at the ….. of an interview, the client has provided all
relevant information
a) beginning
b) opening
c) end
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UNIT 6. CLASSIFICATION AND BRANCHES OF LAW
Pre-reading tasks
Comment on the following quote:
“The Law is hard, but it is the Law.” Judith Lewis (July 27, 1973), better
known by her pen name Cassandra Clare, is an American author of young adult
fiction, best known for her bestselling series.
Answer the questions:
– Have you ever heard this citation?
– Do you agree with this citation? Why?
– What is your idea about the law?
Task 1. Read, translate and render the text.
General classification of Law and its Different Branches
The Classification of law Is the following: public law and private or civil
law, each of which is divided into several branches.
They are also the faculties and obligations of the present relationship
between the State and the people, or the relationship between people.
Law is classified in Public Law, which regulates the relations between
the State and its citizens and Private or Civil Law, which includes the rights and
obligations of individuals to others. It is exercised by lawyers within
the Judicial Branch or in the free practice of the profession.
Public Law is constituted by Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and
Criminal Law. Private Law manages the particular relations between them and
is conformed by: Civil Law, Commercial Law and Labor Law. International
Law will be explained outside this classification, since it includes both public
and private spheres. In this way they summarize the types of law in which
the lawyers work.
Study Manual on the Bases of Russian Law By Anna V. Shashkova
This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Anna V. Shashkova
(https://www.lifepersona.com/classification-of-law-and-its-different-branches)
55
Task 2. Read, translate and render the text.
Branches of Law in Russia
Juridical provisions composing the laws of the RF are tightly
interconnected, conformed and compose a single system. This system can be
subdivided on large component parts; the law branches.
A branch of law is a separate complex within a major system of similar legal
norms and legal institutions regulating one field of relations.
Strictly speaking, Russia has constitutional, administrative, civil and
criminal branches of law. However, as the business turnover (negotiation)
grows the list of the major branches becomes longer.
The law system in Russia includes the following major branches:
• Constitutional law
• Administrative law
• Financial law
• Customs law
• Civil law
• Business law
• Corporate law
• Family law
• Labour law
• Land law
• Housing law
• Ecological law
• Criminal law
• Civil procedural law
• Criminal procedural law
• Criminal executive law
• Arbitrazh procedural law.
A branch may be divided into smaller complexes – sub-branches such as tax
law deriving from financial law, or immovable law deriving from civil law, etc.
Task 3. Answer the questions.
1. What is the classification of law?
2. What does the Public law classify?
3. What does the Private law include?
4. What is the branch of Law?
56
5. What does the system of law in Russia include?
The Classification of law Is the following: ___ ___
the lawyers work.
public law
a
Juridical provisions composing the laws of the RF are tightly
interconnected, conformed and compose a single system
T / F
b
This system can be subdivided on small component parts; the law
systems
T / F
Task 4. Vocabulary tasks:
a) Find the key words and expressions in the text, underline them.
b) Circle any words you do not understand.
c) Pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings.
Task 5. Make up a glossary of the terms used in the text.
Task 6. Fill in the missing words.
and private or ___ ___, each of which is divided into
several ___.
They are also the ___ and ___ of the present
relationship between the State and the people, or the
relationship between people.
Law is classified in ___ ___, which regulates the
relations between the State and its ___ and ___ or Civil
Law, which includes the rights and obligations of
individuals to others. It is exercised by lawyers within
the ___ ___ or in the free practice of the profession.
___ ___ is constituted by Constitutional Law,
Administrative Law and Criminal Law. ___ ___
manages the particular relations between them and is
conformed by: Civil Law, Commercial Law and Labor
Law. ___ ___ will be explained outside this
classification, since it includes both public and ___ ___.
In this way they summarize the types of law in which
Task 7. True / False: Guess if a-h below are true (T) or false (F).
civil law
branches
faculties
obligations
Public Law
Citizens
Private
Judicial Branch
Public Law
Private Law
International Law
private spheres
57
c
A branch of law is a separate complex within a major system of
similar legal norms and legal institutions re
gulating one field of
relations
T / F
d
Strictly speaking, Russia has civil and private branches of law
T / F
e
However, as the business turnover (negotiation) grows the list of
the major branches becomes longer
T / F
f
A branch may be divided into smaller complexes
T / F
g
Tax law deriving from financial law has strong connections with
criminal law
T / F
Task 8. Find the Russian equivalents to the following words and
expressions.
Public law, Civil law, branches of law, faculties, obligations, citizens,
Judicial Branch, Private Law, International Law, private spheres, sub-branch,
Labour law, Land law, Housing law, Ecological law, Criminal law, Civil
procedural law, Criminal procedural law, Criminal executive law.
Task 9. Find in the table the words and expressions which mean:
1. The part of civil law that regulates the procedure for the allocation of
housing and establishes the conditions for the use and management of
housing.
2. The body of law applied to such matters as employment, remuneration,
conditions of work, trade unions, and industrial relations..
3. The body of legal rules, regulations and accepted practices by which
countries, organizations and people throughout the world interact with
each other and with citizens of different countries.
4. The branch of law that governs individuals' relationships with each other.
5. The branch of the government that interprets the laws written in
the Constitution and applies them to the cases that come before it.
Judicial Branch, Private Law, International Law, Labour law, Housing law
Task 10. Complete the sentences from the active vocabulary from
the text.
1. The Classification of law Is the following: …………………………….
58
2. Law is classified in Public Law, which …..……………………………
3. Public Law is constituted by ………………..………………………….
4. Juridical provisions composing the laws of the RF are tightly ………….
5. The law system in Russia includes the following major ……………….
Task 11. Read, translate and render the text.
Branches of law in the UK
According to legal scholars there is a division of British Law to private and
Public Law: Branches of Private Law: contract law, family law, tort law,
property law, trusts. Branches of Public Law: constitutional law, administrative
law, tax law, criminal law.
Public law – Public law is concerned with the relationship between the state
and its citizens. This comprises several specialist areas such as:
Constitutional law – Constitutional law is concerned with the workings of
the British constitution. It covers such matters as the position of the Crown,
the composition and procedures of Parliament, the functioning of central and
local government, citizenship and the civil liberties of individual citizens.
Administrative law – There has been a dramatic increase in the activities of
government during the last hundred years. Schemes have been introduced to
help ensure a minimum standard of living for everybody. Government agencies
are involved, for example, in the provision of a state retirement pension, income
support and child benefit. A large number of disputes arise from
the administration of these schemes and a body of law, administrative law, has
developed to deal with the complaints of individuals against the decisions of
the administering agency.
Criminal law – Certain kinds of wrongdoing pose such a serious threat to
the good order of society that they are considered crimes against the whole
community. The criminal law makes such anti-social behaviour an offence
against the state and offenders are liable to punishment. The state accepts
responsibility for the detection, prosecution and punishment of offenders.
Private or Civil law – Private law is primarily concerned with the rights
and duties of individuals towards each other. The state’s involvement in this
area of law is confined to providing a civilized method of resolving the dispute
that has arisen. Thus, the legal process is begun by the aggrieved citizen and not
by the state. Private law is also called civil law and is often contrasted with
criminal law. Legal rules are generally divided into two categories: criminal and
civil. It is important to understand the nature of the division because there are
fundamental differences in the purpose, procedures and terminology of each
59
branch of law. The civil law deals with the private rights and obligations which
arise between individuals. The purpose of the action is to remedy the wrong that
has been suffered. Enforcement of the civil law is the responsibility of the
individual who has been wronged; the state’s role is to provide the procedure
and the courts necessary to resolve the dispute.
Contract law – A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two
or more parties where each assumes a legal obligation that must be completed.
Many aspects of daily life involve contracts, including buying property,
applying for a car loan, signing employment-related paperwork, and agreeing to
terms and conditions when buying products and services or using computer
software. Legal issues involving contracts arise most often when one party fails
to perform the legal obligation it has agreed to do. When a party breaches
a contract by failing to perform, the other party can often sue for money
damages, or, in some limited cases, can ask the court to force the other party to
perform as promised.
Tort law – Tort law is the area of law that protects people from bad acts of
others. When a person commits a tort, they violate civil law. If a person is
damaged by someone else’s wrongful act, they can bring a claim for
compensation against the person who commits the tort. The purpose of tort law
is to ensure that wrongdoers pay for the damage that they cause instead of the
victims.
Property law – principles, policies, and rules by which disputes over
property are to be resolved and by which property transactions may be
structured. What distinguishes property law from other kinds of law is that
property law deals with the relationships between and among members of
a society with respect to “things.” The things may be tangible, such as land or
a factory or a diamond ring, or they may be intangible, such as stocks and bonds
or a bank account. Property law, then, deals with the allocation, use, and
transfer of wealth and the objects of wealth. As such, it reflects the economy of
the society in which it is found. Since it deals with the control and transfer of
wealth between spouses and across generations, property law also reflects the
family structure of the society in which it is found. Finally, because it deals
with such fundamental issues as the economy and the structure of the family,
property law also reflects the politics of the society in which it is found.
Trust law – English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset
funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit. Trusts were
a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a
history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States. Trusts
developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with
the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result.
60