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Файл:Английский язык для юристов. Учебное пособие.pdf
Family law – English family law concerns the law relating to family matters
ch a view of family law may be
in England and Wales. Family law concerns a host of authorities, agencies and
groups which participate in or influence the outcome of private disputes or
social decisions involving family law. Su
regarded as assisting the understanding of the context in which the law works
and to indicate the policy areas where improvements can be made.
Task 12. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “Branches
of law in the UK.
Task 13. Speech: Prepare a speech on the topic “Branches of law
in the UK.
Task 14. Watch the movie “Top 10 Strangest UK Laws Still in
Place Today”.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bK0xJ3dBjKU)
Task 15. Comment on the movie “Top 10 Strangest UK Laws Still
in Place Today”.
Task 16. Write down an essay on the movie.
Task 17. Translate the article from Russian into English.
Британские законы,
в существование которых трудно поверить
Законы в Великобритании существуют сотни лет, легко предположить
существование весьма странных законов. Если старые законы не отменяются, это создает для всех большие проблемы. Адвокаты, судьи и политики должны анализировать массу устаревших законов, а граждане потенциально могут быть наказаны за их нарушение. Некоторые из этих законов
отменили, но другие все еще действуют.
1. Благодаря закону Prerogativa Regis от 1322 года, все киты и осетры,
найденные в Великобритании, принадлежат короне.
2. Согласно закону 1839 года, незаконным считается постучаться
в чью-то дверь и сбежать. Это также касается звонка в дверь без надобности.
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3. В соответствии с «Законом о столичной полиции» от 1839 года незаконно пребывать пьяным в баре или «содержать общественный дом, на
территории которого разрешено пьянство».
4. До 1976 года в Великобритании существовал закон, который требовал, чтобы все автомобили перевозили по крайней мере один тюк сена.
Изначально это приписывалось конным повозкам.
5. Если вы планируете благоустраивать жилье с помощью деревянных
досок, и вы живете в Лондоне, просто помните, что переносить доски по
тротуару незаконно.
6. После 8 часов утра незаконно чистить ковер, половик или циновку
на улице.
7. Согласно «Закону о столичной полиции» от 1839 года, если ваш воздушный змей раздражает пассажиров или жителей, то вас оштрафуют на
500 фунтов (около 562 евро).
8. Согласно «Закону о бродяжничестве» от 1824 года, если вам нужно
разменять банкноту и вы обращаетесь с такой просьбой к незнакомцу, то
это считается попрошайничеством, и вы можете оказаться в «исправительном доме».
9. Будьте осторожны с лососем. Согласно «Закону о лососе» от 1986
года, незаконно держать в руках рыбу при подозрительных обстоятельствах.
10. Если вы планируете посетить веселый праздник, не одевайтесь как
солдат или моряк. Согласно закону 1906 года «О фальшивых личностях
моряков и солдат» незаконно притворяться служащим вооруженных сил.
11. Закон «О библиотечных правонарушениях» от 1898 года запрещает
играть в азартные игры или использовать оскорбительные или непристойные выражения в библиотеке.
12. Певцам, авторам песен и уличным бардам запрещено петь непристойную песню на публике.
13. Если вы соберетесь посетить парламент, не надевайте доспехи. Это
незаконно согласно Уставу 1313 года, запрещающему ношение доспехов.
14. Можно получить штраф до 1000 фунтов (1124 евро), если повесить
белье сушиться на улице.
15. Проходить без очереди в метро в Лондоне не просто грубо, а незаконно, поэтому оставайтесь в очереди и терпеливо ждите.
Task 18. Comment on the situation.
A defending attorney was cross examining a coroner. The attorney asked,
“Before you signed the death certificate had you taken the man's pulse?”
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“No,” the coroner replied.
The attorney then asked, “Did you listen for a heartbeat?”
The coroner said, “No.”
“Did you check for breathing?”, asked the attorney.
Again the coroner replied, “No.”
The attorney asked, “So when you signed the death certificate you had not
taken any steps to make sure the man was dead, had you?”
The coroner, now tired of the brow beating said, “Well, let me put it this
way. The man's brain was sitting in a jar on my desk, but for all I know he
could be out there practicing law somewhere.”
Task 19. Make up a dialogue on the situation from the Task 18.
Summary test to Unit 6.
Choose the correct answer according to the text
“General classification of Law and its Different Branches”
1. The Classification of law Is the following: public law and ….. or civil
law, each of which is divided into several branches.
a) private
b) national
c) common
2. It is exercised by lawyers within the Judicial Branch or in the free ….. of
the profession.
a) practice
b) disregard
c) training
3. ….. Law will be explained outside this classification, since it includes
both public and private spheres.
a) Private
b) International
c) Common
4. Juridical provisions composing the laws of the RF are tightly …..,
conformed and compose a single system.
a) interconnected
b) divide
c) irrelevant
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5. A branch of law is a ….. complex within a major system of similar legal
norms and legal institutions regulating one field of relations.
a) combined
b) separate
c) joined
6. Strictly speaking, Russia has ….., administrative, civil and criminal
branches of law.
a) constitutional
b) contracted
c) extrinsic
7. However, as the business turnover (negotiation) ….. the list of the major
branches becomes longer.
a) fail
b) decreases
c) grows
8. The law system in Russia includes ….. following major branches.
a) 17
b) 3
c) 25
9. Law will be explained outside this classification, since it includes both
….. and private spheres
a) personal
b) public
c) exclusive
10. Law is exercised by lawyers within the ….. Branch or in the free practice
of the profession.
a) statutory
b) forensic
c) judicial
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UNIT 7. THE COURT SYSTEMS
Pre-reading tasks
Comment on the following quote:
“It is the right of government to protect the weak; it is the right of the weak
to find in their courts fair treatment before the law” (Robert Kennedy).
Answer the questions:
– What do you know about Robert Kennedy?
– Do you agree with his quote?
– What is your idea about the court justice? Does it really exist?
Task 1. Read, translate and render the text.
Legal systems in the Russian Federation: overview
by Vadim Konyushkevich, Partner, Kirill Rubashevskiy, and Gleb Bazurin,
Liniya Prava Law Firm
Court system in the Russian Federation
The Russian court structure consists of federal and regional courts, both
headed by the Supreme Court. Federal courts include commercial courts that
resolve economic disputes and courts of general jurisdiction handling all other
cases.
Regional courts include magistrates' courts resolving minor matters, and
the constitutional (statutory) courts of the Russian regions, which handle cases
concerning the regions' constitutions (statutes).
The Constitutional Court deals with disputes concerning
the constitutionality of certain legal acts and is a separate judicial body in the
Russian court system.
Courts of general jurisdiction are:
• Magistrates' courts and district courts.
• Courts of the regions (appellate).
• Courts of the regions (cassation).
• The Supreme Court.
Commercial courts are:
• The commercial courts of the regions.
• The commercial appellate courts (appellate).
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• The district commercial courts (cassation).
• The Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court is the court of cassation (second-tier) and
the supervisory court handling cases on challenge of judicial acts of the
Supreme Court and holding a final decision for both courts of general
jurisdiction and commercial courts.
Courts, as well as all other public authorities, are legally bound by
the resolutions of the Constitutional Court.
In relation to the Supreme Court, Russian legislation does not expressly
require lower courts to comply with its decisions. However, under the Civil
Procedure Code and the Commercial Procedure Code a failure to comply with
the interpretation of law given by the Supreme Court constitutes a ground
to revise a lower court's decision on the discovery of new facts. As a result, in
their decisions, the lower courts often refer to the legal positions of
the Presidium of the Supreme Court or decisions by the Plenary Session of the
Supreme Court.
The ruling of Presidium or the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court
constitutes a ground for the revision of a lower court's decision provided that
the ruling contains a direct reference to its retroactive effect in similar cases
(Ruling of the Constitutional Court dated 17 October 2017 No. 24-П). It is now
incumbent on the legislator to make respective amendments to the procedural
legislation.
There are several specialist courts in Russia, including:
• The Court for Intellectual Property Rights. This is a specialist
commercial court that resolves disputes connected solely with IP rights.
• Military courts. These form part of a system of courts of general
jurisdiction which handle all cases involving military officers.
• Commercial courts. These can be deemed to be specialist courts as
they only handle cases connected with economic activity, bankruptcy and
corporate issues.
The number of specialist courts may increase when anticipated reform of
administrative justice occurs, which will provide for the establishment of
separate courts that only handle administrative disputes.
(https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com)
Task 2. Answer the questions.
1. What is the Russian court system?
2. Wat are the courts of general jurisdiction?
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3. What are the functions of Supreme court?
The Russian ___ ___ consists of federal and regional
lower courts often refer to the ___ ___ of the Presidium
court structure
4. What kind of disputes do the Military courts resolve?
5. What are the subjects of Commercial courts?
Task 3. Vocabulary tasks:
a) Find the key words and expressions in the text, underline them.
b) Circle any words you do not understand.
c) Pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings.
Task 4. Make up a glossary of the terms used in the text.
Task 5. Fill in the missing words.
courts, both headed by the ___ ___. Federal courts
include commercial courts that resolve economic
disputes and courts of general___ handling all other
cases.
Regional courts include ___ courts resolving minor
matters, and the constitutional (___) courts of the
Russian regions, which handle cases concerning the
regions' ___ (statutes).
The Constitutional Court deals with disputes
concerning the ___ of certain legal acts and is a separate
___ body in the Russian court system.
The Supreme Court is the court of ___ (second-tier)
and the ___ court handling cases on challenge of ___
___ of the Supreme Court and holding a final decision
for both courts of general jurisdiction and ___ courts.
Courts, as well as all other ___ authorities, are
legally bound by the ___ of the Constitutional Court.
In relation to the Supreme Court, Russian ___ does
not expressly require ___ ___ to comply with its
decisions. However, under the Civil Procedure Code and
the Commercial Procedure Code a failure to comply
with the ___ of law given by the Supreme Court
constitutes a ground to revise a lower court's decision on
the ___ of new facts. As a result, in their decisions, the
Supreme court
Jurisdiction
magistrates'
statutory
constitutions
judicial
constitutionality
cassation
supervisory
judicial acts
commercial
public
resolutions
legislation
lower courts
interpretation
discovery
legal positions
Plenary
the revision
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of the Supreme Court or decisions by the ___ Session of
the Supreme Court.
the procedural legislation.
direct reference
a
The Russian court structure consists of federal and regional
courts, both headed by the Federal Court
T / F
b
The Constitutional Court deals with disputes concerning the
body in the Russian court system
T / F
c
Courts, as well as all other public authorities, are legally bound
by the resolutions of the Municipal Court
T / F
d
• The Court for Intellectual Property Rights handles all cases
involving military officers
T / F
e
Commercial courts can be deemed to be specialist courts as they
only handle cases connected with economic activity
T / F
f
The number of specialist courts may increase when anticipated
reform of administrative justice occurs
T / F
g
• Military courts is a specialist commercial court that resolves
disputes connected solely with IP rights
T / F
The ruling of Presidium or the Plenary Session of the
Supreme Court constitutes a ground for __ ___ of
a lower court's decision provided that the ruling contains
a ___ ___ to its ___ effect in similar cases (Ruling of the
Constitutional Court dated 17 October 2017 No. 24-П).
It is now ___ on the ___ to make ___ ___ to
retroactive
incumbent
legislator
respective
amendments
Task 6. True / False: Guess if a-h below are true (T) or false (F).
constitutionality of certain legal acts and is a separate judicial
Task 7. Find the Russian equivalents to the following words and
expressions.
Court structure, Supreme court, jurisdiction, statutory, constitutions,
constitutionality, cassation, supervisory, judicial acts, commercial, public,
resolutions, legislation, lower courts, interpretation, discovery, legal positions,
revision, direct reference, retroactive, incumbent, legislator, respective
amendments.
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Task 8. Find in the table the words and expressions which mean:
1. Legal proceeding involving a person or business that is unable to repay
outstanding debts.
2. The court's authority to hear all kinds of cases, which arise within its
geographic area.
3. A form of providing judicial control over the legality of the decisions of
public authorities and their officials, including the legality of their failures
to take a decision.
4. A high-instance court that exists in some judicial systems. This court does
not re-examine the facts of a case, they only interpret the relevant law.
5. A disagreement about economic issues between countries or companies in
different countries
economic disputes, general jurisdiction, court of cassation, bankruptcy,
administrative disputes.
Task 9. Complete the sentences from the active vocabulary from
the text.
1. The Russian court structure consists of…………………………………..
2. The Constitutional Court deals with disputes concerning the …………..
3. In relation to the Supreme Court, Russian legislation does not expressly
require… .
4. The ruling of Presidium or the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court
constitutes ....
5. The number of specialist courts may increase when anticipated reform
of… .
Task 10. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “Court
system in the Russian Federation”.
Task 11. Speech: Prepare a speech on the topic “Court system in
the Russian Federation”.
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Task 12. Read, translate and render the text.
The ECJ is not an English court, but is in fact the official court of
The Court system in the UK
Without a set of institutions to enforce legal rules, there would be no legal
system. A court hierarchy is vital to both a system of precedent as well as
the historical development of the common law. Courts can be classified in
a number of ways: Criminal and civil courts; Trial and appellate courts;
Superior and inferior courts.
Criminal and Civil Courts
Criminal courts determine the guilt or innocence of defendants according to
the parameters of the criminal law and dispense punishment to convicted
offenders.
Civil courts primarily deal with the resolution of disputes between
individuals and award appropriate remedies to successful claimants.
Trial and Appellate Courts
Trial courts hear cases at ‘first instance’. This refers to the first time that
a case is heard in court, before any appeals. They consider the matters of fact
and law in the case and make an appropriate ruling. Appellate courts consider
the application of legal principles to a case that has already been heard at first
instance. Some appellate courts also have jurisdiction to reconsider disputed
issues of fact.
Superior and Inferior Courts
Superior Courts have unlimited geographic and financial jurisdiction. They
generally hear the more important and/or difficult cases. Inferior Courts have
limited geographic and financial jurisdiction. They hear the majority of
straightforward cases.
Here is the hierarchy of the courts.
European Court of Justice
the European Union (the EU). The EU is a trade body and an economic and
political partnership.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court (SC) is a Superior Court and a final court of appeal for
all UK civil cases and criminal cases from England, Wales and Northern Ireland
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