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Unit 4. Multimedia
61
• illustrating change over time (since an animation is a time-varying display,
it provides (5) _____);
• multiplexing the display (animation can be used to show multiple infor-
mation objects in the same space. A typical example is client-side imagemaps
with explanations that pop up (6) _____);
• enriching graphical representations (some types of information are easier
to visualize with movement (7) _____. In icon design, it is always easier to illustrate objects (a box) than operations (removing pixels), but animation provides
the perfect support for illustrating any kind of change operation);
• visualizing three-dimensional structures ((8) _____, users can never get a
full understanding of a three-dimensional structure by a single illustration, no
matter how well designed. (9) _____ the three-dimensional nature of objects and
make it easier for users to visualize their spatial structure);
• attracting attention ((10) _____ by the initial animation and then left in
peace to read the text without further distraction) [10].
12. Answer the following questions according to the article.
1. Is multimedia popular on the Web?
2. Is this statement right: the more we use multimedia the better user inter-
faces are?
3. Do moving images affect the human peripheral vision?
4. Should we include a permanently moving animation to attract a reader to
the text?
5. Do we need to involve the cognitive system to deduce the mappings?
6. Are opposite animated transitions used each time to indicate movement
back and forth along some navigational dimension?
7. Can animation be used in multiplexing display?
8. Does animation provide icons with better design?
9. Is it easy to understand a three-dimensional structure with animation?
10. Is attracting attention the main goal of animation?
13. Read the article again and say whether the following statements are
true or false.
STATEMENTS
T/F
1
Unconstrained use of multimedia leads to confusing user interfaces.
2
The human peripheral vision is a survival instinct.
Unit 4. Multimedia
62
STATEMENTS
T/F
3
Usually we don’t pay any attention to anything that moves in our periph-
eral vision.
4
To track the mapping we use the cognitive system.
5
The Pythagorean theorem was proved for the first time by the winner of
Java programming contest.
6
If you want to demonstrate change over time, it is good to use animation.
7
Hypertext anchors are used to show different additional information.
8
If you want to illustrate an object, you should use animation.
9
A single illustration can’t show a three-dimensional structure.
10
The spatial structure of three-dimensional objects can be visualized by animation.
VOCABULARY IN USE
14. Follow the link https://rutube.ru/audio/9a9c44791efcb8b5faad6fde5d-
6408fb/ to listen to the article. Then read the article and fill the gaps.
VIDEO
Due to (1) _____ constraints, use of video should currently be minimized on
the web. Eventually, video will be used more widely, but for the next few years
most videos will be short and will use very small viewing areas. Under these
(2) _____, video has to serve as a (3) _____ to text and images more often than
it will provide the main content of a website.
Currently, (4) _____ is good for:
• promoting television shows, films, or other non-computer (5) _____ that
traditionally have used (6) _____ in their advertising;
• giving users an impression of a speaker’s (7) _____;
• showing things that (8) _____.
A major problem with most videos on the (9) _____ right now is that their
production values are much too low. User studies of (10) _____ productions have
found that (11) _____ expect broadcast-quality production values and that users
get very impatient with (12) _____ video.
A special consideration for video (and spoken (13) _____) is that any narration may lead to (14) _____ for international users as well as for users with a
Unit 4. Multimedia
63
hearing (15) _____. People may be able to understand (16) _____ text in a foreign
language because they have time to read it at their own (17) _____ and because
they can look up any unknown words in a dictionary. Spoken words are sometimes harder to understand, especially if the speaker is (18) _____, has a dialect,
speaks over a (19) _____ (20) _____, or simply speaks very fast [10].
15. Read the text and fill the gaps with one of the following words:
poor-quality, quiet, sound, commentary, bandwidth,
nonintrusive, interface, survey, dull, format
AUDIO
The main benefit of audio is that it provides a channel that is separate from
that of the display. Speech can be used to offer (1) _____ or help without obscuring information on the screen. Audio can also be used to provide a sense of place
or mood. Mood-setting audio should employ very (2) _____background sounds
in order not to compete with the main information for the user's attention.
Music is probably the most obvious use of (3) _____. Whenever you need
to inform the user about a certain work of music, it makes much more sense to
simply play it than to show the notes or to try to describe it in words.
Voice recordings can be used instead of video to provide a sense of the
speaker's personality: the benefits are smaller files, easier production, and the fact
that people often sound good even if they would look (4) _____ on television.
Non-speech sound effects can be used as an extra dimension in the user
(5) _____ to inform users about background events: for example, the arrival of
new information could be signaled by the sound of a newspaper dropping on the
floor and the progress of a file download could be indicated by the sound of water
pouring into a glass that gradually fills up. These kinds of background sounds
have to be very quiet and. Also, there (6) _____ always needs to be a user preference setting to turn them off.
Good quality sound is known to enhance the user experience substantially,
so it is well worth investing in professional quality sound production. The classic
example is the video game study where users claimed that the graphics were better when the sound was improved, even though the exact same graphics were
used for the (7) _____ sound and the good-quality sound experiments.
In conclusion, we need to say, that many multimedia elements are big and
take a long time to download with the horribly low bandwidth available to most
Unit 4. Multimedia
64
users. It is recommended that the file (8) _____ and size are indicated in parentheses after the link whenever you point to a file that would take more than 15
seconds to download with the bandwidth available to most of your users. If you
don't know what bandwidth your users are using, you should do a (9) _____ to
find out since this information is important for many other page design issues.
Currently, most home users have at most 28.8 Kb, meaning that files longer than
50 KB need a size warning. Business users often have higher (10) _____, but you
should probably still mark files larger than about 200 KB [10].
SPEAKING
Asking and answering questions
LANGUAGE WORK
16. Read the text and fill the gaps with the appropriate words.
Robo-caller fined for 96 million phone calls
America's Federal Communications Commission, the FCC, has fined a
man who they say (1) ______ nearly 100 million robocalls. A robocall is a telephone call that is (2) ______ by a computer programme. The software can
make thousands of calls (3) ______ a time. The FCC fined the man a record
$120 million because they say he posed a threat to public (4) _____. The FCC
says the man's calls were illegal because many of them were made to "critical
emergency phone (5) _____". The FCC said many other calls went to mobile
phones and residential telephones without the person being called wanting that
call. This means the call was a nuisance call - a bit like spam e-mail, which is
also unwanted and (6) _____.
The FCC said the man (7) ______ a serious crime and carried out, "one of
the largest and most dangerous (8) ______ robocalling campaigns that the Commission has ever investigated". The man made 96 million robocalls (9) ______
a three-month period in 2016 as a part of a "telemarketing scheme". He used a
technique called "neighbor spoofing" to get people to answer the calls. This
technique tricks people (10) ____ thinking the calls are from a local telephone
number. The man also tricked people into believing that the calls were from
well-known airlines, hotels and travel companies. Callers were (11) ____ passed
on to call centres that tried to sell them (12) ____. The man said he has done
nothing wrong [11].
Unit 4. Multimedia
65
Which of these words go in the above text?
1. a) played b) laced c) placed d) placated
2. a) made b) written c) talked d) rung
3. a) at b) that c) what d) in
4. a) safety b) safe c) safer d) safest
5. a) flats b) edges c) borders d) lines
6. a) annoys b) annoy c) annoyance d) annoying
7. a) committed b) computed c) composed d) composted
8. a) illegality b) illegally c) illegals d) illegal
9. a) during b) dune c) doing d) dawning
10. a) unto b) into c) onto d) as to
11. a) steady b) instead c) stead d) steadied
12. a) property b) properly c) prosperity d) propellers
17. Work with your partner. Practise asking and answering questions
about the above-written text.
STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What images are in your mind when you hear the word 'phone'?
3. How important is the phone to you?
4. What do you think of one person making 96 million calls?
5. What do you think of nuisance calls?
6. What other phone nuisances are there?
7. What do you think of the $120 million fine?
8. Should cold calls be banned?
9. What do you do when a caller tries to sell you something?
10. How often do you make phone calls?
STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
1. Did you like reading this article? Why/not?
2. What do you think of when you hear the word 'fine'?
3. What do you think about what you read?
4. What would you do without a phone?
5. Do you prefer to call or text?
6. What do you think of telemarketing?
7. Has someone used technology to trick you?
Unit 4. Multimedia
66
8. What punishment would you give the man?
9. How can the man think he did nothing wrong?
10. What questions would you like to ask the FCC?
WRITING
Writing an opinion essay
18. Rank these online dangers, place the worst at the top. Write an opinion essay “The 8 worst online dangers” (200–250 words). Be guided with the
tips on page 196.
fake news
lack of exercise
falling social skills
viruses
identity theft
hacking
cyber-bullying
phishing
Unit 5. Telecomunication
67
UNIT 5
TELECOMMUNICATION
LEAD-IN
1. Follow the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPqjvus2ZEc&t=1s
to watch “15 Things You Didn’t Know About the Telecommunication Indus-
try” and learn about various trends and factors in telecommunication. While
watching the video pick out the main 15 things in telecommunication.
2. Watch the video again and comment on the following things. How
great are these things? How can they be improved? Complete this table with
your partner(s). Change partners and share what you wrote.
Digital things
How great
Improvements
1
The Internet
2
Smartphones
3
Wearable tech
4
Computers
5
Driverless cars
6
MP3s
USEFUL VOCABULARY
3. To be able to discuss the main features, peculiarities and types of telecommunications we need to study the following terminology and professional vocabulary.
Access (n) [ˈækses] – the opportunity or right to use something.
Acoustic (adj) [əˈkuː.stɪk] – relating to sound or hearing.
Automated (adj) [ˈɔː.tə.meɪ.tɪd] – carried out by machines or computers
without needing human control.
Unit 5. Telecommunication
68
Advent (n) [ˈædvent] – the coming of an important event, person, inven-
tion, etc.
BLE (n) [bɪː el tɪː] – stands for "Bluetooth Low Energy." It is a variation of
the Bluetooth wireless standard designed for low power consumption.
Blockchain (n) [ˈblɒktʃeɪn] – a system in which a record of payments made
in cryptocurrency is maintained across several computers that are linked.
Chatbots (n) [ˈtʃætbɒt] – a computer program that can hold a conversation
with a person, usually over the internet.
Circuit (n) [ˈsɜːkɪt] – the complete path of wires and equipment along which
an electric current flows.
Crucial (adj) [ˈkruːʃl] – extremely important because it will affect other
things.
Cybersecurity (n) [ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rə.ti] – things that are done to protect a
person, organization, or country and their computer information against crime or
attacks carried out using the internet.
Edge computing (n) [eʤ kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ] – computing that takes place at or
near users or data sources - outside of the traditional, centralized data center/cloud. It is primarily used to provide better user experiences for latency sensitive applications or to gather and process data from local IoT devices, guiding
faster data-driven decisions.
802.11 ax (n) [802.11 æks] – the latest generation and standard for wireless
networking.
Ensure (v) [ɪnˈʃɔːr] – to make something certain to happen.
Exert (v) [ɪɡˈzɜːt] – to use something such as authority, power, influence,
etc. in order to make something happen.
Facilitate (v) [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt] – to make an action or a process possible or easier.
Fraudulent (adj) [ˈfrɔːdʒələnt] – intended to cheat somebody, usually in
order to make money illegally.
Installation (n) [ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn] – the act of putting a new program onto a com-
puter.
Integral (adj) [ˈɪntɪɡrəl], [ɪnˈteɡrəl] – being an essential part of something.
Latency (n) [ˈleɪtənsi] – the delay before data begins to move after it has
been sent an instruction to do so.
Maintenance (n) [ˈmeɪn.tən.əns] – the work needed to keep a road, build-
ing, machine, etc. in good condition.
Unit 5. Telecommunication
69
Morse code (n) [ˌmɔːs ˈkəʊd] – a system for sending messages, using com-
binations of long and short sounds or flashes of light to represent letters of the
alphabet and numbers.
Node (n) [nəʊd] – a piece of equipment such as a computer, that is attached
to a network.
Phonograph (n) [ˈfəʊ.nə.ɡrɑːf] – a piece of equipment for playing records
in order to listen to the music, etc. on them.
Predictive (adj) [prɪˈdɪktɪv] – used to describe a computer system that pre-
dicts what is wanted or needed.
Presumably (adv) [prɪˈzjuːməbli] – used to say that you think that some-
thing is probably true.
Prototype (n) [ˈprəʊtətaɪp] – the first design of something from which other
forms are copied or developed.
Reliability (n) [rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti] – the quality of being able to work or operate
for long periods without breaking down or needing attention.
Resilience (n) [rɪˈzɪl.jəns] – the quality of being able to return quickly to a
previous good condition after problems.
Security breach (n) [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ briːʧ] – that when something that is normally protected is no longer secure.
Spectacular (adj) [spekˈtækjələ(r)] – very impressive.
String (n) [strɪŋ] – a usually short piece of text consisting of letters, num-
bers, or symbols that is used in computer processes such as searching through
large amounts of information.
Transcontinental (adj) [ˌtrænzˌkɒntɪˈnentl] – crossing a continent.
Viable (adj) [ˈvɑɪ·ə·bəl] – able to exist, perform as intended, or succeed.
Virtual assistant (n) [ˈvɜːʧʊəl əˈsɪstənt] – a contractor who provides ad-
ministrative services to clients while operating outside of the client's offices.
4. Think about the Russian equivalents of the terms given above.
5. Match the following definitions with the terms.
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1
Computing that takes place at or near users or data sources - outside of the traditional, centralized data center/cloud. It is primarily used to provide better user experiences for latency sensitive
applications or to gather and process data from local IoT devices,
guiding faster data-driven decisions.
fraudulent
Unit 5. Telecommunication
70
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
2
The latest generation and standard for wireless networking.
edge computing
3
To make something certain to happen.
to exert
4
To use something such as authority, power, influence,
etc. in order to make something happen.
automated
5
To make an action or a process possible or easier.
BLE
6
Intended to cheat somebody, usually in order to make
money illegally.
crucial
7
The act of putting a new program onto a computer.
access
8
Being an essential part of something.
installation
9
Carried out by machines or computers without needing
human control.
to ensure
10
The coming of an important event, person, invention,
etc.
reliability
11
A variation of the Bluetooth wireless standard designed
for low power consumption.
to facilitate
12
The quality of being able to work or operate for long periods without breaking down or needing attention.
maintenance
13
The work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc.
in good condition.
802.11 ax
14
Extremely important because it will affect other things.
integral
15
The opportunity or right to use something.
advent
6. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B.
A B
1
crucial
a
anticipating
2
ensure
b
promote
3
exert
c
entry
4
facilitate
d
vital 5 fraudulent
e
amazing
6
integral
f
assure
7
spectacular
g
applicable
8
viable
h
fake
9
predictive
I
essential
10
access
j
apply
7. Read the definition and write the term.
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