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Unit 3. Graphic Design
51
Tablets
Laptop computer
Smartphone
E-readers
USB Flash drives
Speakers
Television
Digital photo frame
16. Students A strongly believe technology makes our life better; Students B strongly believe it doesn't. Change partners and share your thoughts
and your opinions.
WRITING
Writing an opinion essay
17. What does the future of graphic design look like, and what will we
possibly be able to do in the future? Write an opinion essay on the topic “The
trends in Graphic Design for Future” (200–250 words). Explain the way it
will change covering all possible spheres of information technology. Be
guided with the tips on page 196.
Unit 4. Multimedia
52
UNIT 4
MULTIMEDIA
LEAD-IN
1. Follow the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvB5oR3n1A4 to
watch “Multimedia Systems” and learn about the basics of Multimedia.
While watching the video pick out the main subtopics in Multimedia to understand the unit as a whole.
2. Watch the video. What are the major areas of Multimedia and examples of its use? What hardware do you need for creating and displaying?
Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners and share what
you wrote.
Major areas of
Multimedia
Examples of the
use of Multimedia
Hardware for it
1
Education and Training
2
Leisure and Entertainment
3
Information provision
4
Virtual Reality and Simulation
5
Combined Areas
USEFUL VOCABULARY
3. To be able to discuss the main features, peculiarities and types of
multimedia we need to study the following terminology and professional vocabulary.
Anchor (n) [ˈæŋ·kər] – a piece of text which marks the beginning and/or the
end of a hypertext link.
Unit 4. Multimedia
53
Animated transition (n) [trænˈzɪʃn] – animations used to keep users ori-
ented during user interface state changes and object manipulations, and make
those changes feel smooth instead of jarring.
Animation (n) [ænɪˈmeɪʃn] – a method in which figures are manipulated to
appear as moving images.
Audio (adj) [ˈɔːdɪəʊ] – most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted
in signal form.
Bandwidth (n) [ˈbænd.wɪtθ] – the range of frequencies used to send infor-
mation over a distance using phone wires.
Bombard (v) [bɒmˈbɑːd] – to attack a place with continuous shooting
or bombs.
Broadcast-quality (n) [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst-ˈkwɔlɪtɪ] – a video signal that is accepta-
ble to television broadcasters such as television stations.
Client-side imagemaps (n) [ˈklaɪənt-saɪd ˈɪmɪʤ mæp] – clickable images
that don't require a CGI program to make them work. Instead, the browser interprets the imagemap based on HTML tags.
Commentary (n) [ˈkɒm.ən.tər.i] – either a set of written remarks on an
event, book, or person that explains its subject or expresses an opinion on it or a
spoken description of an event on the radio or television that is broadcast as the
event happens.
Constraint (n) [kənˈstreɪnt] – something that controls what you do by keep-
ing you within particular limits.
Deduce (v) [dɪˈdʒuːs] – to reach an answer by thinking about a general truth
and its relationship to a specific situation.
Dimensionality (n) [ˌdaɪ.men.ʃənˈæl.ə.ti] [ˌdɪ.men.ʃənˈæl.ə.ti] – the quality
of having many different features or qualities, especially in a way that makes
something seem real, rather than being too simple.
Disability (n) [ˌdɪs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti] – an illness, injury, or condition that makes it
difficult for someone to do some things that other people do, and that is usually
permanent or lasts for a long time.
Distraction (n) [dɪˈstræk.ʃən] – something that prevents someone from giv-
ing their attention to something else.
Dull (adj) [dʌl] – not interesting or exciting in any way.
File format (n) [faɪl ˈfɔːmæt] – a standard way that information is encoded
for storage in a computer file.
Unit 4. Multimedia
54
Hypertext (n) [ˈhaɪ.pə.tekst] – a way of joining a word or image to another
page, document, etc. on the internet or in another computer program so that you
can move from one to the other easily.
KB (n) [ˈkɪl.ə.baɪt] – written abbreviation for kilobyte which is a unit of
computer information consisting of 1,000 bytes.
Low-quality (adj) [ləʊ-ˈkwɔlɪtɪ] – this word is used to describe something
that is of a low level or standard.
Multimedia (n) [ˌmʌl.tiˈmiː.di.ə] – using a combination of moving and still
pictures, sound, music, and words, especially in computers or entertainment.
Multiplexing (n) [ˈmʌltiˌpleksɪŋ] – an electronic process that allows more
than one electrical signal to be sent using only one connection.
Nonintrusive (adj) [ˌnɒn.ɪnˈtruː.sɪv] – not causing someone to feel uncom-
fortable by getting too close to them, asking them for information they do not
want to reveal, etc.
Obscure (adj) [əbˈskjʊər] – not clear and difficult to understand or see.
One-to-one mapping (n) [ˈmæpɪŋ] – one to one function or one to one map-
ping states that each element of one set, say Set (A) is mapped with a unique
element of another set, say, Set (B), where A and B are two different sets.
Overpowering (adj) [ˌəʊ.vəˈpaʊə.rɪŋ] – to be too strong to be able to con-
tinue or resist.
Perceptual (adj) [pəˈsep.tʃu.əl] – relating to the ability to notice something
or come to an opinion about something using your senses.
Peripheral (adj) [pəˈrɪf.ər.əl] – happening at the edge of something; this
word can also be used as a noun and means a piece of equipment, such as a printer,
that can be connected to a computer.
Pop up (v) [pɒp ʌp] – a phrasal verb, it means to appear or happen, espe-
cially suddenly or unexpectedly.
Pythagorean theorem (n) [paɪˌθæɡ.ə.riː.ən ˈθɪə.rəm] – a statement that in
a right triangle (= a triangle with a 90° angle) the square of the length of the
side opposite the 90° angle is equal to the squares of each of the other two sides
added together.
Quiet (adj) [ˈkwaɪ.ət] – making very little noise.
Sloppy (adj) [ˈslɒp.i] – very wet or liquid, often in a way that is unpleasant.
Spatial (adj) [ˈspeɪ.ʃəl] – relating to the position, area, and size of things.
Supplement (n) [ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt] – something that is added to something else
in order to improve it or complete it; something extra.
Unit 4. Multimedia
55
Survival (adj) [səˈvaɪvl] – the state of continuing to live or exist, often de-
spite difficulty or danger.
Triangle (n) [ˈtraɪ.æŋ.ɡəl] – a flat shape with three straight sides.
User interface (n) [ˌjuː.zər ˈɪn.tə.feɪs] – the way in which the information
on a computer, phone, etc. and instructions on how to use it are arranged on the
screen and shown to the user.
Video (n) [ˈvɪdɪəʊ] – an electronic medium for the recording, copying, play-
back, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.
4. Think about the Russian equivalents of the terms given above.
5. Match the following definitions with the terms.
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1
To attack a place with continuous shooting or bombs.
obscure
2
A video signal that is acceptable to television broadcasters such
as television stations.
distraction
3
Clickable images that don't require a CGI program to make them
work. Instead, the browser interprets the imagemap based on
HTML tags.
low-quality
4
A set of written remarks on an event, book, or person that explains its subject or expresses an opinion on it.
to bombard
5
Not causing someone to feel uncomfortable by getting too close
to them, asking them for information they do not want to reveal,
etc.
disability
6
Not clear and difficult to understand or see.
dull
7
Too strong to be able to continue or resist.
nonintrusive
8
To reach an answer by thinking about a general truth and its relationship to a specific situation.
overpowering
9
The quality of having many different features or qualities, especially in a way that makes something seem real, rather than being
too simple.
dimensionality
10
An illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone
to do some things that other people do, and that is usually permanent or lasts for a long time.
Pythagorean
theorem
11
Something that prevents someone from giving their attention to
something else.
broadcastquality
12
Not interesting or exciting in any way.
kb
13
A unit of computer information consisting of 1,000 bytes
commentary
Unit 4. Multimedia
56
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
14
Something that is of a low level or standard.
client-side
imagemaps
15
A statement that in a right triangle the square of the length of the
side opposite the 90° angle is equal to the squares of each of the
other two sides added together.
to deduce
6. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B.
A B
1
quiet
a
assume
2
sloppy
b
irresistible
3
obscure
c
boring
4
dull d silent
5
deduce
e
vague
6
pop up
f
intuitive
7
overpowering
g
interference
8
distraction
h
wet
9
perceptual
i
additive
10
supplement
j
occur
7. Read the definition and write the term.
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1
The way in which the information on a computer,
phone, etc. and instructions on how to use it are
arranged on the screen and shown to the user
(4, 9 letters).
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2
An electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual
media (5).
_ _ _ _ _
3
An electronic process that allows more than one electrical signal to be sent using only one connection (12).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4
A way of joining a word or image to another page,
document, etc. on the internet or in another computer
program so that you can move from one to the other
easily (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5
A method in which figures are manipulated to appear
as moving images (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Unit 4. Multimedia
57
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
6
Using a combination of moving and still pictures,
sound, music, and words, especially in computers or
entertainment (10).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7
Something that controls what you do by keeping you
within particular limits (10).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8
A flat shape with three straight sides (8).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9
Most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in
signal form (5).
_ _ _ _ _
10
The range of frequencies used to send information over
a distance using phone wires (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11
Relating to the position, area, and size of things (7)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
12
A standard way that information is encoded for storage
in a computer file (4, 6).
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _
13
A piece of text which marks the beginning and/or the
end of a hypertext link (6).
_ _ _ _ _ _
14
A piece of equipment, such as a printer, that can be
connected to a computer (10).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15
Relating to the ability to notice something or come to
an opinion about something using your senses (10).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
USEFUL GRAMMAR
Grammar to study: Zero and First Conditionals
8. Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in
brackets (zero or first conditional).
1. The game industry is ever booming industry and if you _____ (have) the
required skills then most probably you _____ (receive) a high paid job.
2. When images, audio, and animations _____ (use), they _____ (stimulate)
the brain, making the audience more attentive.
3. The points I have made here _____ more frequently _____ (update) as
soon as I _____ (come) across more news and updates.
4. Since it _____ (involve) multiple areas of the brain, the audience _____
(get) to learn thoroughly about the information presented.
5. Since multimedia ____ (can, use) everywhere, the traditional way of dis-
playing information through in-person meetings ___ (be) the only available option.
Unit 4. Multimedia
58
6. If video games _____ (develop), 2 different industries _____ (collaborate)
with each other like software industry and multimedia industry.
7. The multimedia _____ (have) a realistic approach when it _____ (come)
to sharing information, making it a practical option.
8. As we _____ (start) to earn money, we _____ (look) for ways to become
financially smart.
9. As soon as audio and video _____ (connect), they _____ (communicate)
with each other.
10. Although promising areas often _____ (engage) in by several companies
at the same time, in the end only one market participant _____ (win).
11. Since LANs _____ (be) simple to construct and debug, they fre-
quently _____ (use).
12. A modem _____ (require) whenever a computer _____ (have) to com-
municate over an analog connection since it converts the signals.
13. Call-back management _____ (be) a very effective tool if a bank _____
(want) to simplify bank operations.
14. Nowadays, telecommunication technologies like computers, mobile
phones, and fax machines frequently _____ (utilize) since they _____ (be) more
effective at conveying messages.
15. In this case information _____ (must, buffer), or stored in memory, until
time slots _____ (become) available for transmitting the data.
9. Complete the sentences with an appropriate linking word. Sometimes
more than one variant is possible. Use the following words:
if, since, unless, while, although, when, as
1. _____ one telephone call is completed, a network-managing computer at
the cellular base station reassigns the released frequency slot to a new caller.
2. _____ each user’s information signal may be either analog or digital, the
combined FDM signal is inherently an analog waveform.
3. _____ frequency is the parameter chosen to be a function of the infor-
mation signal, the modulation method is called frequency-shift keying (FSK).
4. _____ an effective radio antenna is typically as large as half the wavelength of the signal, a three-kilohertz radio wave might require an antenna up to
50 kilometres in length.
Unit 4. Multimedia
59
5. _____ a double error occurs, however, the decoder will choose the wrong
code word.
6. _____ the noise and distortion picked up during transmission are great
enough to change the binary signal from one value to another, the correct value
can be determined by the receiver so that perfect reception can occur.
7. _____ the means may change and the advances in science and technology
will affect the way we communicate in the future, the fundamental function of
telecommunication remain the same − to communicate and transmit information
over a distance.
8. Fax machines have been around for several decades and are still in use
today, _____ their popularity has declined in recent years with the advent of email
and other digital communication methods.
9. Customers will surely appreciate not waiting for someone to talk to _____
they’re making a voice call.
10. _____ live streaming does have its advantages, it also presents some
challenges.
11. _____ something goes wrong during a live broadcast, there is no way to
edit it out or start over.
12. _____ mobile technology continues to develop, businesses will have ever-
greater opportunities to reach their target audiences.
13. _____ systems are designed to communicate through human sensory organs (mainly those for vision and hearing), physiological and psychological characteristics of human perception must be taken into account.
14. _____ the number of telephone calls is completely sent to the end of a
line, it is possible to separate it from the other end of the line _____ each conversation corresponds to the same part of the frequency band.
15. _____ fiber optics may seem relatively simple, they are actually complex
structures.
SPECIALIST READING
10. Skim the following article and choose the best heading.
1. Multimedia
2. Guidelines for Multimedia on the Web
3. Animation
11. Read the article and fill the gaps with one of the following phrases:
Unit 4. Multimedia
60
1. make it harder for them to understand the information
2. it is very hard to concentrate on reading text in the middle of a page
3. to supplement the traditional media of text and images
4. Animation can be used to emphasize
5. a one-to-one mapping to phenomena that change over time
6. the user should be drawn to the new text
7. as the user moves the cursor over the various hypertext anchors
8. than with still pictures
9. since the computer screen is two-dimensional
10. proving the Pythagorean theorem
HEADING_______________________
Multimedia is gaining popularity on the Web with several technologies to
support use of animation, video, and audio (1) _____. These new media provide
more design options but also require design discipline. Unconstrained use of multimedia results in user interfaces that confuse users and (2) _____. Not every
webpage needs to bombard the user with the equivalent of Times Square in impressions and movement.
Moving images have an overpowering effect on the human peripheral vision. This is a survival instinct from the time when it was of supreme importance
to be aware of any saber-toothed tigers before they could sneak up on you. These
days, tiger-avoidance is less of an issue, but anything that moves in your peripheral vision still dominates your awareness: (3) _____ if there is a spinning logo
up in the corner. Never include a permanently moving animation on a web page
since it will make it very hard for your users to concentrate on reading the text.
Animation is good for:
• showing continuity in transitions (an animated transition allows the user to
track the mapping between different subparts through the perceptual system instead of having to involve the cognitive system to deduce the mappings. A great
example is the winner of the first Java programming contest: (4) _____ by animating the movement of various squares and triangles as they move around to
demonstrate that two areas are the same size);
• indicating dimensionality in transitions (sometimes opposite animated
transitions can be used to indicate movement back and forth along some navigational dimension);
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