Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:ENGLISH FOR IT. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Unit 8. Big Data
131
20. Put the words and phrases in order to make sentences.
1. a data manager. − response to − in − your advertisement − for − I’m
writing
2. I attach − where you can find out − for this position. − my CV − the
achievements and skills − more about − that qualify me
3. person − are − am the − I believe I − you − looking for.
4. I would − bring − to this role. − very much like − my experience and
enthusiasm − the opportunity to
5. with you − welcome − to discuss this position − in person. − the oppor-
tunity − I would
6. attached − find − Please − my CV.
7. in person. − I am available − for an interview − and am looking forward −
whenever it suits you − to meeting you
8. position − to be applying − I’m excited − the Web Developer − for – at
Innowise.
9. the newly advertised − in your − I am writing − reputable organisation,
Innowise.− developer position – regarding
10. this job posting, − on the cutting-edge − I strive to stay − and develop-
ment, − I saw − I knew I had to apply. − of web design − so when
21. Write a cover letter for a data scientist job application. Be guided
with the tips on page 201.
Learn how to structure a cover letter here: https://uk.indeed.com/career-
advice/cvs-cover-letters/how-to-structure-a-cover-letter-with-example.
Useful template and example are here: https://uk.indeed.com/career-advice/cvs-cover-letters/data-scientist-cover-letter.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
132
UNIT 9
THE INTERNET OF THINGS
LEAD-IN
1. Follow the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ps9ucSDH8s4 to
watch “IoT In 2 Minutes” and answer the questions.
1. How was access to the Internet limited until recently?
2. What can be connected to the Internet now?
3. What is IoT?
4. What are some examples of things in IoT?
5. How are Internet devices connected to the network?
6. What do gateways do?
7. What are some of the applications of IoT?
8. How does the future of IoT look?
9. Can IoT be combined with other technologies?
USEFUL VOCABULARY
2. To be able to discuss the main features of The Internet of Things we
need to study the following terminology and professional vocabulary.
The Internet of Things (IoT) [ˌɪn.tə.net əv ˈθɪŋz] − a dynamic global net-
work infrastructure of physical and virtual objects having unique identities, which
are embedded with software, sensors, actuators, electronic and network connectivity to facilitate intelligent applications by collecting and exchanging data.
IoT devices [aɪ əʊ tiː dɪˈvaɪsis] − equipment that contains embedded technology to sense or interact with their environment and communicate with the internet.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
133
Embed (v) [ɪmˈbed] − to put a computer or piece of electronic equipment
inside a product in order to control the way it operates.
Embedded system [ɪmˈbed.ɪd] − a microprocessor- or microcontroller-
based system, which is designed for a specific function and embedded into a
larger mechanical or electrical system. Embedded systems are responsible for
helping the data from the sensors to get connected to the internet.
Sensor (n) [ˈsen.sər] − a device that measures physical input from its
environment and converts it into data that can be interpreted by either a human
or a machine.
Actuator (n) [ˈæk.tʃu.eɪ.tər] − part of a machine or system that moves some-
thing or makes something work.
Dashboard (n) [ˈdæʃ.bɔːd] − a data visualization tool that transforms, dis-
plays, and organizes a collection of data captured and transmitted by network
connected devices. The primary purpose of an IoT dashboard is to provide human
readable information to remotely monitor historical and real-time IoT data.
Wearables (n, pl) [ˈweə.rə.bəlz] − connected devices that can be equipped
with different types of sensors and are worn on a person’s body. They are meant
to monitor, collect, and quantify data about a person's life and environment, and
allow them to interface with that data.
IoT Cloud Platforms − customized, cloud-hosted software services that en-
able IoT functionality and applications.
Network (n) [ˈnet.wɜːk] − a group of two or more devices or nodes that
can communicate.
LAN [læn] stands for local area network. A LAN is a network that connects
computers in a building or small group of buildings. Home WiFi networks and
small business networks are common examples of LANs.
WAN [wæn] stands for "Wide Area Network. A WAN is a computer network
that spans a wide geographic area. It connects local networks from different locations together to serve as a network of smaller networks. The Internet is the most
prominent example of a WAN, connecting computers and networks worldwide.
LPWANs − a class of low-power wide-area networks. There are many dif-
ferent LPWAN networks being used today, but the most commonly-used standards include LoRaWAN, SigFox, LTE-M, NB-IoT, RPMA, Symphony Link and
Weightless.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
134
IoT Gateway (n) [ˈɡeɪt.weɪ] − a physical device or virtual platform that
connects sensors, IoT modules, and smart devices to the cloud. IoT gateways
can integrate data from devices that communicate with various network
protocols. The IoT gateway’s main function is to translate data packets
from one protocol to another to ensure the transmission is readable by the
intended recipient.
Protocols (n, pl) [ˈprəʊ.tə.kɒlz] − standards that enable the exchange and
transmission of data between the Internet and devices at the edge.
Bandwidth (n) [ˈbænd.wɪtθ] − the maximum amount of data transmitted
over an internet connection in a given amount of time. Bandwidth is a measure
of how much information a network, a group of two or more devices that communicate between themselves, can transfer.
Network edge (n) [ˈnet.wɜːk edʒ] is where the device, or the local network
containing the device, communicates with the Internet. The important takeaway
is that the edge of the network is geographically close to the device, unlike
origin servers and cloud servers, which can be very far from the devices they
communicate with.
Edge computing [edʒ kəmˈpjuː.tɪŋ] is the practice of capturing, storing,
processing and analyzing data near the client, where the data is generated, instead
of in a centralized data-processing warehouse. Hence, the data is stored at intermediate points at the ‘edge’ of the network, rather than always at the central
server or data center.
Wireless communication [ˈwaɪə.ləs kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən] − the transmission
of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms
of electrical conductors.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [ˈbluː.tuːθ ləʊ ˈen.ə.dʒi] − an update on tra-
ditional Bluetooth technology allowing for a safer, lower-cost short-range network. This network is commonly used to pair health-tracking wearables with us-
ers’ cell phones and install location trackers on household devices. BLE allows
these devices to be found when they’re within network range.
ZigBee − an open standard for wireless communication designed to use
low-power digital radio signals for personal area networks (PAN); it is used to
create networks that require a low data transfer rate, energy efficiency, and secure networking.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
135
Exchange (v) [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] − send and receive data in such a manner that
the information content or meaning assigned to the data is not altered during the
transmission.
Share (v) [ʃeər] − distribute the same sets of data resources with multiple
users or applications while maintaining data fidelity across all entities consuming the data.
Measure (v) [ˈmeʒ.ər] − to discover the exact size or amount of something.
Integrate (v) [ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt] − means make independently designed applica-
tions and data work well together.
Deploy (v) [dɪˈplɔɪ] − make a software system available for use.
Connectivity (n) [ˌkɒn.ekˈtɪv.ə.ti] − the ability of a computer, program, de-
vice, or system to connect to the internet, another computer
Interoperability (n) [ˌɪntərɒpərəˈbɪləti] − the ability of two or more com-
ponents or systems to exchange, interpret, and present shared data in a way that
is understood by the other.
Scalability (n) [ˌskeɪ.ləˈbɪl.ə.ti] − the challenge of deploying a higher num-
ber of nodes, increasing the number of end-users, as well as the amount of data
to store and process without the need of migrating the technology.
On-premise [ɒn ˈprem.ɪ.s] − the IT infrastructure and software located
within an organization’s physical office and hosted on-site. In other words, on-
premise means the software is installed on physical hardware that is owned by an
organization, located in the physical premises of the organization.
The cloud (n) [klaʊd] refers to the software, servers, and services that run
over the internet rather than locally on the computers and hardware of the organization.
M2M means Machine-to-machine communication is when multiple machines interact with one another without any human interference.
Affordable (adj) [əˈfɔː.də.bəl] − cheap enough for most people.
Reliable (adj) [rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl] − working or behaving well in the way you expect.
Appealing (adj) [əˈpiː.lɪŋ] − attractive or interesting.
Viable (adj) [ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl] − able to be done or likely to succeed.
Valuable (adj) [ˈvæl.jə.bəl] − important, useful, or beneficial.
3. Think about the Russian equivalents of the terms given above.
4. Match the following definitions with the terms.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
136
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1
A dynamic global network infrastructure of physical and
virtual objects having unique identities, which are embedded with software, sensors, actuators, electronic and network connectivity to facilitate intelligent applications by
collecting and exchanging data.
IoT gateway
2
Equipment that contains embedded technology to sense or
interact with their environment and communicate with the
internet.
edge computing
3
A microprocessor- or microcontroller-based system, which
is designed for a specific function and embedded into a
larger mechanical or electrical system.
share
4
A group of two or more devices or nodes that can communicate.
LPWANs
5
A class of low-power wide-area networks.
network
6
A physical device or virtual platform that connects sensors,
IoT modules, and smart devices to the cloud, it can integrate data from devices that communicate with various network protocols.
IoT devices
7
Where the device, or the local network containing the device, communicates with the Internet. It is geographically
close to the device, unlike origin servers and cloud servers,
which can be very far from the devices they communicate
with.
exchange
8
The practice of capturing, storing, processing and analyzing
data near the client, where the data is generated, instead of
in a centralized data-processing warehouse.
embedded system
9
The transmission of information over a distance without the
help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
interoperability
10
Send and receive data in such a manner that the information
content or meaning assigned to the data is not altered during the transmission.
viable
11
Distribute the same sets of data resources with multiple users or applications while maintaining data fidelity across all
entities consuming the data.
wireless communication
12
Make independently designed applications and data work
well together.
M2M
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
137
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
13
The ability of two or more components or systems to exchange, interpret, and present shared data in a way that is
understood by the other.
valuable
14
The challenge of deploying a higher number of nodes, increasing the number of end-users, as well as the amount of
data to store and process without the need of migrating the
technology.
scalability
15
When multiple machines interact with one another without
any human interference.
The Internet of
Things (IoT)
16
Able to be done or likely to succeed.
network edge
17
Important, useful, or beneficial.
integrate
5. Match the words in A with their synonyms in B.
A B
1
appealing
a
set up
2
affordable
b
accessible
3
measure
c
conductors
4
deploy
d
protocol
5
embed
e
implant
6
viable
f
low-cost
7
available
g
possible
8
wires
h
estimate amount
9
equipment
i
attractive
10
standard
j
gear
6. Read the definition and write the term.
DIFINITIONS
TERMS
1
To put a computer or piece of electronic equipment inside a
product in order to control the way it operates (5 letters).
_ _ _ _ _
2
The practice of capturing, storing, processing and analyzing data near the client, where the data is generated, instead
of in a centralized data-processing warehouse (4, 9).
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3
Standards that enable the exchange and transmission of
data between the Internet and devices at the edge (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4
The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet
connection in a given amount of time (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
138
DIFINITIONS
TERMS
5
A network that connects computers in a building or small
group of buildings (3).
_ _ _
6
A computer network that spans a wide geographic area. It
connects local networks from different locations together to
serve as a network of smaller networks (3).
_ _ _
7
A device that measures physical input from its environment
and converts it into data that can be interpreted by either a
human or a machine (6).
_ _ _ _ _ _
8
Part of a machine or system that moves something or
makes something work (8).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9
A data visualization tool that transforms, displays, and organizes a collection of data captured and transmitted by
network connected devices (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10
Connected devices that can be equipped with different
types of sensors and are worn on a person’s body (9).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11
Discover the exact size or amount of something (7).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
12
Works or behaves well in the way you expect (8).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13
Make a software system available for use (6).
_ _ _ _ _ _
14
The ability of a computer, program, device, or system to
connect to the internet, another computer (12).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _
15
A physical device or virtual platform that connects sensors,
IoT modules, and smart devices to the cloud, it can integrate data from devices that communicate with various network protocols (7).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
USEFUL GRAMMAR
Grammar to study: Participles
7. Underline participles, explain their function and translate the sen-
tences into Russian.
1. The goal behind the Internet of things is to have devices that self report
in real-time, improving efficiency and bringing important information to the surface more quickly than a system depending on human intervention.
2. The technology has advanced much faster than the regulatory environ-
ment, so there are potential regulatory risks facing companies that are continuing
to expand the range of Internet-connected devices.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
139
3. Try out the Time Series Database from InfluxData without any cost dur-
ing a trial run. These databases are indispensable for storing and managing large
volumes of data generated by IoT devices.
4. In conclusion, the challenges of IoT solution building can be overwhelm-
ing, especially when facing the costs of tools and resources.
5. Nonetheless, the availability of free IoT developer tools and resources
can significantly aid developers in crafting high-quality IoT solutions while saving money.
6. By utilizing the resources outlined in this article, developers can enhance
the efficiency and effectiveness of their IoT applications, thereby increasing their
prospects for success in the competitive IoT market.
7. Moreover, the solar-powered satellite tracker has been designed for off-
grid asset tracking in remote IoT operations.
8. The connected device may be one sensor measuring temperature, location
or some other parameter or an asset such as a vehicle that has many sensors each
measuring something different.
9. But from your perspective, the real value of all this data being collected
and monitored, means that ultimately you will go about your life in a ‘connected
environment’ where every device knows what you want, when you want it and
how you like it.
10. The internet of things is enabling a huge shift in the way we approach
life, reinventing the processes of practically every task we fulfil or every service we touch.
11. As IoT continues to expand, the amount of data collected and analy-
zed will grow exponentially, enabling increasingly personalized and connected
experiences.
12. As we’ve seen with many other digital disruptions, early birds get the
worm. Companies that have already rolled out IoT in some form are also planning
the highest future rollouts. Clearly, they’ve experienced something that’s driving
them to pursue IoT even more vigorously.
8. Complete the sentences with the present or past participles of the
verbs in brackets.
1. Manufacturing is one of the business verticals _____ (experience) the big-
gest disruption and potential value from IoT.
2. We believe businesses will continue to enjoy these remarkable success
rates _____ (adopt) IoT in the future.
Unit 9. The Internet of Things
140
3. Adoption and innovation in the APAC region are _____ (grow) consider-
ably, _____ (narrow) the gap to its Western counterparts.
4. Once a dream, home automation _____ (use) IoT is slowly but stead-
ily _____ (become) a part of daily lives around the world.
5. With IoT _____ (enable) across the home, the lights can respond to other
actions you take.
6. IoT, or the Internet of Things, refers to the connection of everyday ob-
jects, or “things,” to the internet, _____ (allow) them to collect, transmit, and
share data.
7. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated devices _____
(embed) with sensors, software, and network connectivity to collect and exchange data.
8. Software is _____ (use) to collect, store, and analyze the data _____ (col-
lect) by the sensors.
9. IoT is also _____ (transform) the business landscape by streamlining op-
erations, reducing costs, and improving decision-making.
10. On a factory floor there can be hundreds of machines, extremely expen-
sive equipment, all _____ (work) at once.
SPECIALIST READING
9. Read the article and fill the gaps with one of the following phrases:
1. … of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems
over the internet
2. … physical things can share and collect data with minimal human in-
tervention
3. … to connect sensors to the cloud and to other “things” for efficient
data transfer
4. … and the data produced by IoT also feeds these technologies
5. … depending on the task they are required to perform within the specific
IoT deployment
6. … as well as performing real-time data analysis within the IoT network
7. … and specific protocols used in varying IoT environments
8. … provide methods of connecting IoT edge devices with other edge de-
vices or the Internet
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]