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Файл:Этика и эстетика в туризме (на английском языке) = Ethics and Aesthetics in tourism (in English). Конспект лекций для обучающихся 3 курса образователь.pdf
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ДОНЕЦКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ
ПРИ ГЛАВЕ ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ»
Кафедра туризма
ЭТИКА И ЭСТЕТИКА В ТУРИЗМЕ
(НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ)
Ethics and Aesthetics in tourism (in English)
Конспект лекций
для обучающихся 3 курса образовательной программы
бакалавриата направления подготовки 43.03.02 «Туризм»
очной формы обучения
Утверждено на заседании
Учебно-методического совета
ГОУ ВПО «ДонАУиГС»
Протокол № 4 от 15.04.2019 г.
Донецк
2019
УДК [
](042.4)
ББК
Ю75
Э 90
Рецензенты:
В. А.Усачев
– канд. филос. наук, доц. каф. иностранных языков
ГО ВПО «ДонНУЭТ»
Н. В. Коноваленко
– канд. филос. наук, доц. каф. философии и
психологии ГОУ ВПО «ДонАУиГС»
Э 90
Этика и эстетика в туризме (на английском языке) = Ethics and
Aesthetics in tourism (in English) : конспект лекций для обучающихся
3 курса образовательной программы бакалавриата направления
сост. Н. И.
Дубровская. - Донецк: ДонАУиГС, 2019. - 112 с.
Изложено на английском языке: основные положения этических
учений, закономерности их развития и практическое применение в
бизнесе в целом и в туризме в частности, как составляющую
экономики и общества.
Рассматриваются: туристический бизнес как социальноэкономическое и культурное явление, этические ценности личности
и организации, а также этические вопросы, возникающие при
сложных деловых связях туристического бизнеса и решаемые его
руководителями.
УДК [
](042.4)
ББК
Ю75
© ГОУ ВПО «ДонАУиГС», 2019
338.48:174.7
У433:
1.2я73-2
338.48:174.7
У433:
© Дубровская Н. И., 2019
1.2я73
3
Содержание
ВВЕДЕНИЕ………………………………………………………………..
4
РАЗДЕЛ 1:Теоретические основы и основные парадигмы этики
туристического бизнеса…………………………………………………..
5
Тема 1.1. Предмет этики бизнеса………………………………………..
5
Тема 1.2. Основные концепции морали…………………………………
11
Тема 1.3. Историческое развитие морально-этических учений………
15
РАЗДЕЛ 2: Личность и профессиональная этика………………………
27
Тема 2.1. Корпоративная этика, корпоративная социальная
ответственность…………………………………………………………...
27
Тема 2.2. Профессиональный этический кодекс работника
туристического бизнеса…………………………………………………..
36
Тема 2.3. Административная этика в туристическом бизнесе ………..
43
РАЗДЕЛ 3: Теоретические основы этикета и эстетики как науки…….
50
Тема 3.1. Виды и правила коммуникации в туристическом бизнесе…
50
Тема 3.2. Кросс-культурная этика в туризме……………………………
67
Тема 3.3. Этикет и эстетика в туристическом бизнесе…………………
82
Дидактический материал…………….…………………………………...
90
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ…………………………………………………………...
97
РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ……………………………………
98
ГЛОССАРИЙ……………………………………………………………...
99
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ…………………………………………………………...
113
4
Contents
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………..….…
4
PART 1: Theoretical basis and the main paradigms of the ethics of tourist
business.…………………………………………………….……….…….
5
Topic 1.1. The subject of ethics………………………….………………..
5
Тема 1.2. The main ethical concepts …...…………………………………
11
Тема 1.3. Historical development of ethical doctrines……………………
15
PART II The personality and professional ethics………………….…..…
27
Topic 2.1. Corporate ethics. Corporate social responsibility.………..…....
27
Topic 2.2. Professional code of ethics…….…………………………..…..
36
Topic 2.3. Administrative ethics………………………..……………..
43
PART 3. Theoretical basis of etiquette and aesthetics as a science….
50
Topic 3.1. Types of business communication…………………………
50
Topic 3.2. Cross cultural ethics in tourism…..……………………………
67
Topic 3.3. Etiquette and aesthetics in travel industry……………………...
82
Didactic material…………………………………………………………...
90
CONCLUSION…………….………………………………………….…...
97
RECOMMENDED SOURCES ……………………………………………
98
GLOSSARY………………………………………………..……………....
99
APPENDIX …………..…………………………………….……………...
113
5
INTRODUCTION
The course “ Ethics and aesthetics in tourism” is an important element in the
structure of the "Tourism" speciality. The need for ethical training of the specialists
in the sphere of tourism is dictated by modern socio-cultural situation, the whole
tradition of the world social thought, which has always been closely linked to ethical
knowledge. Professional Ethics is to regulate human relationships in the sphere of
business in general and the business of tourism in particular. Its basis is high
consciousness of public obligation together with intolerance to neglection of public
interests,.
At present, more and more professional communities create ethical codes,
setting the moral requirements that define ethical behavior among those belonging to
the profession, for example, diplomatic, touristic, military, judicial, medical,
engineering, sport ethics, etc. The ethics of tourism is one of the "youngest"
professional ethics.
Ethics shows moral aspect of the action, its content; aesthetics deals with
aesthetic orientation, sense of beauty. Etiquette considers the forms of greeting,
introduction, addressing people, rules of business communication, behavior in public
places, as well as dress code requirements in different situations. It considers the
rules of business receptions and table manners, which is one of the most important
and significant indicators of the level of development of a human and society as a
whole. Etiquette (in the modern understanding) is inconceivable without ethics.
Ethical ideas of a person can be expressed, in particular, in manners, speech, style,
communication, etc.
Business ethics is a set of standards of conduct requirements of the
entrepreneur, a society to the style of work, the nature of the communication between
the participants of the business, their social “face”. Business ethics is adapted to the
practice of market relations, ethical notions and moral requirements to the style of
work and the appearance of the business person. Business ethics includes business
etiquette, which is formed under the influence of traditions and historical conditions
of each country
6
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Курс «Этика и эстетика в туризме» является важным элементом в
структуре специальности «Туризм». Потребность в этической подготовке
специалистов в сфере туризма диктуется современной социально культурной
ситуацией, всей традицией мировой социальной мысли, которая всегда была
тесно связана с этическими знаниями. Профессиональная этика должна
регулировать человеческие отношения в сфере бизнеса в целом и
туристического бизнеса в частности. Ее основой является высокое осознание
социальных обязательств а также нетерпимость к пренебрежению
общественных интересов.
В настоящее время, все больше и больше профессиональных сообществ
создают этические кодексы, которые устанавливают нравственные требования,
определяющие этическое поведение среди лиц, принадлежащих к профессии, к
примеру, дипломатические, туристические, военные, судебные, медицинские,
инженерные, спортивные и др. этические кодексы. Этика туризма является
одной из «молодых» профессиональных этик.
Этика показывает моральный аспект действия, его содержание; Эстетика
занимается эстетическим восприятием, чувством красоты. Этикет
рассматривает формы приветствия, правила делового общения, поведение в
общественных местах, а также требования дресс-кода в различных ситуациях..
Этикет (в современном понимании) немыслим без этики. Этические идеи
человек может выражать, в частности, в манерах, речи, стиле коммуникации и
т.д.
Этика бизнеса представляет собой набор стандартов поведения
требований предпринимателя, общество имеет свой стиль работы, характер
связи между участниками бизнеса, их социальным лицом. Этика бизнеса
адаптирована к практике рыночных отношений, морально-этическим
требованиям к стилю работы и внешнего вида делового человека. Этика
бизнеса включает в себя деловой этикет, который формируется под влиянием
традиций и исторических условий каждой страны.
7
PART 1. THEORETICAL BASIS AND THE MAIN PARADIGMS OF THE
ETHICS OF TOURIST BUSINESS.
LECTURE 1.1. THE SUBJECT OF ETHICS.
1. Definition and the origin of the terms “ethics” and “morality.
2. The object of the science of ethics and its historical development.
3. The subject of ethics.
Definition and the origin of the terms “ethics” and “morality
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, mankind, and especially the
scientists of the world, faced a problem: what is the modern standard of behavior. In
the modern world, a man faces a mass of situations leading to the conflict of different
motives, for example, when there is a contradiction between professional
development and family responsibilities, choice between highly paid and interesting
job, when the necessity to care for loved ones prevents from realization of other life
plans, etc. Particularly acute situation arises when there is a choice between the
actions that fall under the competence of different rules, and sometimes different
systems of morality.
Ethics attempts to explain: what the basis of moral obligations is, what forces
a society to follow these obligations, if it is possible to protect a human from
barbarism, brutality, violence etc. and if it is possible to create a world community in
which there will be neither war nor violence or human freedom suppression. It is
well known that the first laws uniting society were the laws of morality. We can
agree with A. Razin’s position, that "...the fundamentals of the moral consciousness
of a human coincides with the basis of the formation of his social consciousness in
general, and the emergence of moral attitudes towards other people turns out to be
inevitable."
Business ethics is a set of standards of conduct requirements of the
entrepreneur, a society to its style of work, the nature of the communication between
the participants of the business, their social face. Business ethics is adapted to the
practice of market relations for information about ethical notions about moral
requirements to the style of his work and the appearance of the business person.
8
Business ethics includes business etiquette, which is formed under the influence of
traditions and historical conditions of each country
The origin of the notion
The term "ethics" was introduced by Greek philosopher Aristotle.
According to the teachings of Aristotle, ethics is a science that studies human
character, manners, motives of behavior, human vices and virtues. From Aristotle
to the present moral philosophy is a theoretical foundation for the development of
rational ethical knowledge and skills.
Other definitions of ethics that we can find in dictionaries are as follows:
- ETHICS is a science on culture, social and legal, morally oriented
behavior and communication (etiquette). Ethics has deep links with other
scientific disciplines, such as: theosophy, history, philosophy, pedagogy,
psychology, ethnology, folklore.
- ETHICS is a philosophical science, object of study of which is
religious and secular morality on principles of socio-normative
communication.
- ETHICS is a set of principles and rules of conduct, adopted in
particular era and in particular social environment.
Originally the term goes back to ancient Greece
“Ethos” first meant “house, den, nest”. Later the word changed its
meaning to “custom, character, temper”
Aristotle used the word to create an adjective “ethical” to express
human characteristics called “ethical virtues” (generosity, courage) which he
opposed to physical features of the body (affectations), or features of mind
(memory).
Later in Rome Cicero used Latin word “mos” (character, temper,
fashion, style) to create the word “moralis”
In Russian exists the word “нрав” with the same meaning, and the
word “нравственность” was built from it.
9
So, originally, all these words meant the same, but later their meaning
differentiated and nowadays we use the word ethics to speak about science, and
morality – to express its object.
The subject of study of ethics is a history of morality, social and ethnic
customs, laws, traditions in their secular (domestic, scientific) and
confessional (religious) manifestation.
The object of the science of ethics and its historical development
The object of study of ethics is the diversity of forms of secular and
religious morality in the history of the evolution of mankind.
The subject of the study of ethics is a human.
Recognition of ethics in society makes the society civilized and stimulates
the advancement of social relations.
As a main subject of ethics, morality on one hand, characterizes a person, and,
on the other hand, it characterizes relationships between people. So we can speak
about: moral dimension of a personality and moral dimension of society.
Morality is the rules and regulations applicable to the person, the enjoyment of
which is voluntary.
Unlike law, compliance with the requirements of morality are only sanctioned
by some forms of spiritual influence (for example, endorsement or condemnation).
Moral property that requires some particular behavior is called imperative.
Along with universal elements, morality includes historically transitory rules,
principles and ideals.
The "father" of ancient ethics is Socrates. He accepts morals, believing it the
basis of a decent life and culture. According to him, only a moral man can be happy.
Socrates distinguishes between happiness and delight, sets the problem of free
will, determines the cardinal virtues, emphasizes the importance of moral selfimprovement of personality.
The first attempt at systematizing ethical ideas, carried out in objectivelyidealistic manner, was Plato (V-IV centuries B.C.)
10
The disciple of Plato, Aristotle, first realized systematic summary of ethics as a
theoretical science. The science that studies the ethical virtues and explores the nature
of human action and what behavior is the best was named “ethics” by Aristotle (IV
century BC). He was the first to write special ethical work "Nicomachean Ethics". He
first built a deep theory of morality. Aristotle's understanding of ethics is a special
practical science of morality (virtue), which aims to teach a person how to become
virtuous (and happy). Ethics must help the person understand the main purpose of his
life and solve the problem of the possibility of upbringing of the virtuous citizens.
Highlighting the ethical dimension of the relationship between an individual
and society issue, Aristotle tried to find the ways of harmonious interaction of a
reasonable individual selfish needs on one hand, and public benefit and prosperity of
the citizens on the other one. Social harmony should not suppress the personal
interests. Human morals, based on reason and the will, leads his goals, desires and
needs in line with the interests of the State.
The main categories of ethical consciousness are good and evil. These key
notions express a measure of completeness with which social relationships are
included in the content of vital activity of each individual. They describe positive
and negative values.
As is noted in the book by E. Zolotukhina - Abolina, "goodness is something
that is positive, important and meaningful for human life and society. Goodness is
what allows the individual and society to live, grow, prosper and achieve harmony
and perfection.
Good is good only when it refers to the benefit of the human race as such, i.e.
when good deeds and thoughts are far from the direct personal gain and are pushing
the boundaries of any personal interest.
In contrast to goodness, evil is what destroys the lives and well-being of
humans. Evil is always a destruction, oppression, humiliation. Evil is destructive, it
leads to disintegration, to the alienation of people from each other from the origins of
life, it leads to death.