Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Этика и эстетика в туризме (на английском языке) = Ethics and Aesthetics in tourism (in English). Конспект лекций для обучающихся 3 курса образователь.pdf
Working with English businessmen requires prior study, at least in general
terms, the branded market structure of a product, the indicative price levels and trends
in their traffic, obtain information about the company and its employees.
English businessman very unusually observant, a good psychologist, and
rejects as falsehood, and conceal the weak training. He shares his knowledge and
experience with other businessmen, often reveals the secrets of his craft, skillfully
introduces the subtleties of a particular market.
For all his friendliness, kindness, willingness to help, the British have remained
steadfast throughout, with regard to compliance with any of the rules, and even more
laws.
Clothing in England is different severity. Women in the service wear suits and
dresses. Men's suits and ties.
Talk about Affairs after the end of the working day not only not accepted and
considered bad
tone.
The British taught the world how to behave at the table, so they follow these
rules very seriously. This does not apply to people if they were not represented.
Invited to the lunch must be in a tuxedo, formal evening-Vaux
dress coat.
Of spirits, the British use Gin and whiskey. They did not customarily toast.
Before they drink they pronounce "cheers".
France
The birthplace of the French legislator is considered in the business Protocol
and etiquette, the French are very gentle, refined, eager to stick to etiquette. The
French nation is one of the original Nations in Europe, rich in history and culture.
French was the language of diplomatic correspondence and international
communication. This affected the terms of national character, peculiarities of French
business communication style. They try to avoid risky financial transactions.
The Frenchman is typical of extreme nationalism. They are skeptical, prudent,
resourceful, painfully react to the use of the English or German language during
business meetings. However, French businessmen are enthusiastic, trusting, generous.
They love and know how to Flash the word. Conversation is a laid-back nature and
comes with exceptional speed.
French skillfully shake hands. Their handshake has many shades: friendly, hot,
condescending, cold, careless, etc.
The national tradition of French-French cuisine. It is for their national pride.
Leave food on the plate they have not accepted. Lightly salted a dish at the
table is considered as disrespect to the owners. No spices on the table put.
The French are affable, talkative, emotional, prudent and economical. Despite
the communicative, prefer to work alone. Love to judge others, but the criticism did
not accept.
Business people in France have more outgoing behavior and open to talk to.
The French are sociable, refined, courteous, eager to stick to etiquette, which is
France. Such historically formed cultural traditions, like intelligence, desire for
freedom and independence, a love of philosophy, fine arts, rhetoric, also has an
impact on the behavior of modern business. They are highly valued intelligence,
ability to communicate accurately formulate terms of contracts and transactions.
In France when a business acquaintance handed a business card. It is
recommended to indicate any higher educational institution graduated from
businessman ... For the French education is extremely important. If, at a meeting with
the French side there is more than one person, the business card is awarded to a
person occupying a higher position.
Clothing guests must be of high quality, made of natural material. Nothing
should be synthetic.
In France, many important decisions are made not only in the Office but also at
the dinner table. Business techniques can be in the form of a cocktail party, breakfast,
lunch or dinner. Cases accepted to speak only after coffee.
The French do not like to discuss that interest them the most. Fit to it gradually,
after a long conversation on neutral topics, no matter how casual. Not relate to issues
of religion, politics, marital status, problems related to service, incomes, expenses
their contracts specific, concise, accurate. French entrepreneurs cleverly defended its
position, but not inclined to bargain. Often they do not have a "spare" position, do not
like to make any changes in the course of the negotiations.
To business negotiations are prepared carefully; thoroughly study all aspects
and implications of proposals.
Business negotiations typically begin in 11:00. One and a half hours
negotiators breakfast with an aperitif.
The French appreciate the knowledge of art, particularly French.
During the first meeting not taken handing business partner souvenirs (artistic
albums and etc.).
Invitation to dinner-a high honor for a guest. Must arrive at it for fifteen
minutes after the appointed time. As a gift appropriate colors (except white and
chrysanthemums, expressing sorrow), a bottle of champagne (formulation of the
Champagne region) or wine expensive stamps. Spirits, the French drink very rarely.
Going into the French restaurant, take off the hat and coat. At the end of the
meal they take account, which includes tips, if not, add 10% to the Bill.
Restaurants by served on a plate under the cloth. Money just put under the
same cloth.
Germany
The Germans, and the French, prudent and economical, more reliable, accurate,
but inferior to the French in the sense of humour and cordiality. Them is typical of
free thinking and great civil courage. They are skeptical, different seriousness,
restraint, no inferior in punctiliousness. The Germans appreciate professionalism.
Business people are sociable, loves to have fun, have fun. They have rush causes
disapproval. All Germans shall designate in advance.
The talks are not held up to 10:00 in the morning and after 4:00 pm pm. Before
these negotiations a little talk about the common issues. German businessman doesn't
like to waste time. When talking about business, immediately move to the case. All
negotiations on the "thank you", even to those who called in everyday life. In
Germany, the company's senior management decisions. Germans often resorted to
legal aid.
Style guide-the authoritarian and hierarchical. Before the pinnacles of
leadership need to go a long way. The positions of many older people.
They have not accepted to invite business partners home. But if invited guests
at the German House with a bouquet of flowers take, excluding roses as a gift of
roses means that the guest is in love with the mistress. To give the wine master, you
need to know its taste. For this reason wine should not donate.
Flowers give during your first visit to the House and on anniversaries.
Acquaintance with the Germans important ranks and titles. Titles in Germany
attached great importance. A married woman is assigned the title of her husband.
Before negotiations clarify title every Member of the delegation. In Germany it is
accepted to name the title of each, with whom talking. Negotiations are prepared
carefully. Negotiate only when assured of the possibility of finding a solution.
In business communication, not accepted gifts, although Russian businessmen
come with gifts. While visiting business partners you can give them a small souvenir.
Most often, gifts are handed over for Christmas or to any anniversary. Gifts are
handed over in the course of a business relationship, as well as not accepted gifts of a
personal nature.
Germans dress up strongly. Men do not need to necessarily dark suit. For
women's trousers are excluded. Traditional dark suit is still the most suitable clothing
for your business meetings, although there has been a change in the direction of more
free clothes.
Spain
By its nature, the Spaniards are serious, open, galantny, humane, have a great
sense of humor and ability to work in a team. Each of the seventeen provinces of
Spain further leaves its imprint on the character of the inhabitants. There are
significant differences in culture and way of conduct between members of different
parts of the country. And the Spaniards have the emotional attitude to people.
On arrival in the country report. Do not appoint a meeting at noon-hour siesta
(lunch).
Commercial links with major Spanish firms traditionally built hierarchically.
You must go out to decision makers in taking appropriate decisions. A visible effect
can also have high-ranking officials, bishops, managers of companies. Very often
they have great autonomy in decision-making. Partners take part in the negotiations
of equal status. Begin talks with discussions on weather, sports, attractions, etc. Rules
meetings are often not respected, since Spaniards wordy. Business cards need to be in
Spanish and English.
In Spain it is not accepted to invite business partners home. However, if such
an invitation will follow, then this is considered a high honor. The guests arrive with
flowers, chocolates, champagne, etc. as a gift. Flowers as a gift is not as popular as in
Russia. It should not be forgotten that the Spaniards 13-unhappy figure, Tuesday 13unlucky day. In Spain 12 October national holiday.
Taken in the correct use of cutlery. The food on the plate, guests don't leave.
While the assortment of drinks offered in the exclusive dinners, the most important
requirement is moderation in their use.
At the table are welcome any enthusiastic comments about the quality of food
and drinks. The Spaniards are good interlocutors on any topic. The most relevant
topics for casual conversations can be questions of art, literature, sports, tourist
attractions. Not to talk about bullfighting, religion, Franco, etc.
North American business culture
United States Of America
National culture United States citizens is young, but its features are similar to
national character traits Americans as orientation at individualism in human
relationships, a strong personality in action, hence the pursuit of sole solutions.
American businessmen have high business activity. The biggest value is
individual freedom, inviolability of the person. Americans appreciate hard work,
thrift, Enterprise, sobriety thinking, self-improvement and pragmatism.
Pragmatic Americans is that when business talks, they focused on the problem
to be discussed, and seek to identify and discuss not only the common approaches,
but also details related to the implementation of the agreements.
Americans believe that they are well versed in the business of any country.
They often show egocentrism * in business communication technologies and believe
that the partner should be guided by their rules. They are only interested in real and
concrete projects. They are always well informed and competent in all matters
relating to the upcoming negotiations. Characteristic for them, autonomy makes it
easy to make decisions. American style of negotiation is characterized by sufficient
professionalism. They do not tolerate prolonged delay in negotiations.
An American businessman in the negotiations follows three rules: explore,
divide responsibilities, check out.
American businessmen have high business activity, great abilities in the fight
for profit, the desire to assert its superiority, exclusive self-confidence, resistance,
survival, a propensity for risk. Negotiate individually or in small groups.
At the conclusion of the contract, the Americans have shown great
assertiveness and aggressiveness. In their view, they have a stronger position than
their future partners.
To achieve success in the American business world should follow certain rules
and learn all the subtleties of American business. They have made the practice of
business communication significant element of democracy and pragmatism.
Americans as business partners are accustomed to cherish this word, justify
trust partner, resorting to legal forms of protection, very carefully draw up
documents, respect professionalism, competence, precisely to respect the deadlines
and commitments to address fundamental questions in the first place, and finalization
of the details to charge perpetrators rank below and lawyers.
Canadian business culture
Canada is a highly developed industrial-agrarian country. It is inhabited by the
Anglo-Canadians, French-Canadians, indigenous Indians and Eskimos. The official
language is English and French. Believers-Protestants and Catholics. CanadaFederation composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
Atmosphere-European business. In the East (primarily in French-speaking
Quebec) especially French culture, founded on an awareness of their dignity. In the
South (in Ontario and adjacent areas), American type culture. In the West (British
Colombia) is very international and public culture, which values and other values, in
addition to business life.
Meetings begin at the scheduled time. Leadership styles ranges from focused
on the leader to democratic, with a group decision. Women hold high posts. The role
of women has grown lately.
Canadians appreciate when foreigners know their policy and current events but
not welcome when foreigners talk about contradictions between the English-and
French-speaking population. It is inappropriate to express sympathy for one side or
the other.
1 July-independence day in Canada.
Good topic to talk sports. The main sports are hockey and baseball.
Entertainment primarily in restaurants. Adopted by the meeting for lunch.
Evening entertainment will organize the House. Do not smoke during dinner. For a
meal drink most often wine and beer. Canada adhered to the ancient Anglo-European
table etiquette.
When visits taken flowers. They often sent either before or after the visit as a
sign of gratitude for the invitation or hospitality. A bouquet of flowers for the hostess
is required.
For a meal not taken thank, thanks for the hospitality.
With Canadian you can talk on any subject. However, you do not need to
compare the United States and Canada. Chatting with strangers occurs spontaneously
and is normal. Immediately switch to "you." Best friends make the best business in
the business life of "Tu" is combined with the respect to the partner.
Good clothing is part of the image of a successful businessman. In business
adopted a dark suit, in your spare time-elegant clothes.
Business culture of the East and Arabian countries
Japan
The whole life of the Japanese people is full of diverse ceremonies and is
subject to a strict protocol.
When an acquaintance they exchange business cards. A very important status,
position handing a business card. Business cards are usually given with both hands,
the text up. But if the status of a Japanese businessman less, the business card he take
with one hand, right. Otherwise, the Japanese businessman will be confused. It is
believed when communicating with downstream partner, the Japanese dropped its
credibility in the eyes of others; high partner shows the Japanese, that the firm is not
quoted in the business world. Therefore, the Japanese are very sensitive about
everything, with regard to their social status. Knowing the level of representation
with the Japanese side, provide the same level on the other.
The Japanese are very hospitable people. Hospitality, however, does not mean
a friendship.For entertainment events in Japan, there are only men. The recreational
activities of the wife is not usually present. Handshaking in Japan. Here low bow.
Commit 15, 45, 75 and 90 prostrations. To make a good impression bow 45 times.
The most distinguished personality welcome 90 bows.
In Japan circulated the authoritarian style of leadership based on subordination.
However, many decisions are made collectively. Working time is one of the longest
in the world. Many employees do not leave from work before the leave their Chief.
Decent Japanese, sometimes, refuses to leave, despite the fact that he is so short.
In Japan, you can talk about work after working hours.
The Japanese prefer to establish business contacts through intermediaries,
rather than through letters and phone calls. They seek to establish a personal
relationship, so the first contact they believe it is better to carry out, on the
recommendation of the famous Japanese firm faces.
In Japan, the golf course is used for negotiation as well as sauna in Finland.
The Japanese carefully listen, nod your head, that does not mean agreement,
but merely that they realized the interlocutor. The impression that it is more
important for the Japanese the negotiating process itself than the result, is deceptive.
It is only the desire to create an atmosphere of cooperation that is not so easy with
strangers, especially representatives of another culture; Therefore, the solution to the
problems starts with simple issues on which it is easy to come to an agreement, and
business meetings take place in an informal atmosphere.
Growing flowers and drawing up of a bouquet-art form. So when an invitation
to the home of flowers does not give, because mistress already prepared ikebana in
honor of the guests.
The Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Koreans-difficult business partners. With them it is impossible to make contact
via phone call or letter. Need a personal meeting about which agree through an
intermediary that can provide interesting Korean businessman firm, its direction,
status of the Manager and other employees. If the request for a meeting of the Korean
answered evasively, it can come to the Office because the uncertainty he took for
readiness to meet. No personal contact, no personal communication in Korea cannot
be solved, no problem. There is strong Confucian morality, according to which
interpersonal relationships should take into account the feelings of another, to respect
his rights.
When accessing the Korean before the surname always put Mr or Mrs.
Koreans, polite, sociable, open, that they are waiting for and from interlocutors,
partners They are hospitable and unusually warm its guests, overly luxurious. They
want to get acquainted with foreign business man.
National day of the Republic of Korea-August 15.
In the Republic of Korea decided to take off shoes when entering the House or
restaurant.
Great importance is attached to the card. It is awarded and received with the
right hand. Koreans believe that no man, if he has no business card. Korean business
cards, usually written surname first, then the name, although it happens vice versa.
Therefore, it is better to ask the interviewee's name.
In his behavior during the negotiations the Korean businessmen always strive
for coherence and clear relationships. They are prone to simplicity and don't like
abstract reasoning. His proposals set forth clearly, specify the ways of their solution.
They don't talk openly about their disagreement with a partner and did not prove its
case. But if democratic party takes a positive decision, it is ready to act immediately.
Frustration can cause lack of partners the power to make responsible decisions.
Often the Korean businessman like goods that it buys, but still important, he
liked personally, the businessman who this product it sells
Quality of goods South Korea nearly the best in the world and the price for a
20-30% lower. A large part of the business is concentrated in family-run
conglomerates.
Informal attitude towards foreigners in Korea. The word "no" in Korean is not
used.
It is not accepted to use a red pen for the signing of the Treaty.
Great value in South Korea has the presence of relatives or friends among
high-ranking officials.
In South Korea there is a strict system of posts and ranks. They have not
decided to smoke in the presence of senior and age.
Great attention is paid to questions of etiquette. Informal communication is not
accepted with foreigners.
Koreans appreciate when guests know Korean culture, history. A study of
Korean culture and adapting to it virtually impossible for a foreigner.
In accordance with the Protocol for business men wear formal suit, mostly
dark, white shirt, tie. For business women in official surroundings.
China
Before assigning the negotiations with Chinese partners, for 3-4 weeks you
should send their proposals for a thorough examination of all aspects, as important
decisions are made collectively, with many votes.
Chinese style of commercial negotiations characterized by clear differentiation
of distinct phases: an initial clarification of positions, discussion and final stage.