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Файл:Организационные системы моделирование и управление. Учебник
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ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ; ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɨɥɹɦɢ;
2. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ;
3. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ;
4. Ɋɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ: ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ; ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ (ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ).
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ, ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.26 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɉɪ1, ɉɪ2) ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 3.25. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ
Ɋɢɫ. 3.26. ɇɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ
ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚ-
132
ɰɢɢ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3.3 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɪɨɝɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ (ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ:
- ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ-
ɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;
- ɧɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ;
- ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ – ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ.
3.6.2. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (Ⱦɉ). Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɭɬɢ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɵ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ [11]. ɗɬɨɬ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ 3.4.8. ɋɯɟɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ Ⱦɉ
ɪɵɜɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.19.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɜɭɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɉ
ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɉ.
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ȼɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ
ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɫɦ. ɩɭɧɤɬ 3.5.3). ȼɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ Ⱦɉ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɥɢɰɨ,
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɉ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ
ɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱦɉ.
, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡ-
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-
133
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 3.3
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɠɢɜɭɱɟɫɬɶ
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɂɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɇɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɢɹ: ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ,
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
Ȼɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɫɛɨɟɜ, ɨɬɤɚɡɨɜ, ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɯ
ɢ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ (ɛɟɡ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
134
ɗɤɫ-
ɬɪɟɦɭɦ
Min
Mɚɯ
Mɚɯ
Mɚɯ
Mɚɯ
Mɚɯ
Mɚɯ
Min
Min Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɇɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢ Ⱦɉ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɨɬɞɟɥɚ, ɞɢɪɟɤɰɢɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ), ɬɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ Ⱦɉ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɉ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 3.27).
Ɋɢɫ. 3.27. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ Ⱦɉ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ Ⱦɉ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.28. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3.28. Ⱦɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚ-
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ,
135
ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ, ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.), ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ,
ɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɜɭɡɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɢɩɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ.
ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ,
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɜɭɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ [29]. ɋɭɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3.29). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɱɶ ɧɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɬ
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ɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ Ⱦɉ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ȼɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ Ⱦɉ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɭɡɚ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɩɨɬɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ Ⱦɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ-
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ɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɧɟɫɺɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɯ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɚɧɤɚ, ɚ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚɯ ɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɯ,
ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɇɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɫ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚɦɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ
ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3.29. Ⱦɜɭɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɉ
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ: ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ Ⱦɉ, ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɵ (ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɵ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦɉ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɜɭɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɉ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ
ɜɥɚ-
ɞɟɥɶɰɚ «ɛɪɚɡɞɵ» ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ.
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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ 3
1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
2. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
3. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ.
4. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
5. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ.
6. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɰɟɥɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
7. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
8. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ.
9. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɨɥɢ.
10. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
11. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
12. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.
13. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
14. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
15. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɲɬɚɛɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
16. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɞɢɜɢɡɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
17. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
18. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
19. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɸ ɞɟ-
ɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
20. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
21. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
22. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
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23. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
24. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ.
25. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
26. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ.
27. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
28. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
29. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
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4. ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ
4.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ
ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ:
– ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
– ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ – ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ;
– ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ – ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɭ (ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ). ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ, ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 4.1. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɨɬɚɰɢɸ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɧɢɣ) ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɚɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ
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ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟ-
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