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Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
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3. Sometimes it’s true that … rich get richer and … poor get poorer.
4. … Pyramid of Giza is … only remaining ancient wonder.
5. This movie caters to … worst side of … human nature.
6. What kind of … present do you expect to get for … Christmas?
7. She likes … singing, but she hates having … big audience.
8. There are more stars in … universe than there are … grains of sand
on all the beaches.
9. The price of … petrol has gone up. It’s more than … euro … litre.
10. Write your name in … space at … bottom of … page.
11. … kiwi, … flightless bird, is the unofficial national symbol of …
New Zealand.
12. I’m having … problems with my computer. … hard drive is
malfunctioning and … monitor won’t turn on.
13. In Britain, India and some other countries, you should drive on …
left, but in most of … world people drive on … right.
14. Yesterday is … history, tomorrow is … mystery, but today is …
gift, that’s why it’s called the present!
15. Some people start … blog just for … fun – as … way to share …
information with family and friends.
16. Science and … modern medicine have come … long way and found
treatments for … countless diseases.
17. … most people fall out of … love for … same reasons they fell
in it.
18. ‘Hamlet’, … immortal tragedy by Shakespeare, was written in …
th
first years of … 17
century.
19. In … 2017, … United Arab Emirates was … seventh largest
petroleum producer in … world.
20. Earth is … third planet from … Sun, and … fifth-largest of … eight
planets in … Solar System.
V. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необхо-
димо:
1. Will you give me … hand with these bags?
2. Don’t take his criticism very close to … heart!
3. During my studies I got a scholarship to do … research abroad.
4. Caroline is always talking in … whisper!
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5. Do you believe in love at … first sight?
6. You had better not stay in … sun without applying sunscreen.
7. He left the classroom without asking for … permission.
8. I wanted to make … good impression on my new colleagues.
9. The delegations from 5 countries took … part in the Opening Ceremony.
10. I wonder if you could do me … favour?
11. Our hockey team took … second place in the tournament.
12. My watch always keeps … good time.
13. She’s not the one who likes to draw … attention to herself.
14. Do you agree that marriage should be for … life?
15. You can either stay or leave, it’s all … same to me.
16. The health benefits of houseplants are now … common knowledge.
17. My mum can tell at … glance if something is wrong with me.
18. You should never take anything for … granted.
19. We paused in between just to catch … glimpse of the breathtaking
sunset.
20. When you’re in … good mood, it often feels like you can do anything.
21. Mary always wants to speak on … behalf of everyone in the room.
22. Are you nervous about your driving test? ~ Not in … least.
23. Corruption remains a serious cause for … concern in many countries.
24. I was asked to arrive at the office at … short notice.
25. Could you lay … table for … dinner, please?
26. I planned to play … trick on him, but in … end the joke was on
me.
27. Jeremy learnt the poem by … heart and was able to recite it from …
memory.
28. The tourist route should be planned in … advance, taking into …
account weather conditions.
29. Jim is in … charge of the department while his boss is away on …
business.
30. … other day I woke up at 5 a.m.; … common sense tells me I should
sleep more.
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VI. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необ-
ходимо:
1. … YouTube is the second most-visited site in the world, only
behind … Google, which owns the platform.
2. … Sahara Desert covers one third of the continent of … Africa.
3. … Southern Spain and Andalusia may be more popular as holiday
destinations than … North of Spain.
4. Scattered across … Indian Ocean, … Seychelles are made up of 115
idyllic islands.
5. In … European history, … Middle Ages lasted from the 5th to the
15th century.
6. This year’s list of the best universities in the world is led by … Oxford University and … University of Cambridge.
7. The cheapest way to get from … London Eye to … Madame Tussauds wax museum is to line bus 453 which costs £2 and takes
35 min.
8. The economic situation in … Republic of Belarus has worsened due
to the economic crisis in … Central Europe.
9. … Eiffel Tower and … Tower of London are two landmarks in the
capital cities of … France and … Britain.
10. … Everest and … K2 are the two highest mountains in the world,
both situated in … Himalayas.
11. … Apple opened its flagship store on … Fifth Avenue in … New
York City.
12. … Queen Elizabeth II delivered a toast to honor … President Trump
during his state visit to … United Kingdom in 2019.
13. … Darya Domracheva won her fourth Olympic gold medal at …
2018 Olympic Winter Games in … South Korea.
14. As stated by … Guardian, one of the common beliefs about …
Great Britain is that … British are very polite, unemotional and
obsessed with class and status.
15. … South of France attracts many visitors each year for both …
Monaco Grand Prix and … Cannes Film Festival.
16. … National Gallery is on the northern side of … Trafalgar Square,
opposite … Nelson’s Column. It’s about a fifteen-minute walk from
… British Museum.
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17. … Vinpearl Amusement Park, which is situated on … Hon Tre Island in … Vietnam, is one of the best in … South East Asia.
18. … Lake Windermere is in … Lake District while … Loch Lomond
is in … Highlands in … northern Scotland.
19. If you come to … London, be sure to visit … Buckingham Palace,
… Westminster Abbey, … Houses of Parliament, and … St. James’s
Park.
20. According to … Wikipedia, … Cheb Airport is the oldest airport in
… Czech Republic, built during … World War I to serve needs of
… Austro-Hungarian Army.
VII. Прочитайте рассказ. Дополните его десятью нео-
пределенными артиклями:
I felt really rotten at work the other day so I went into the stock-
room for nap – I thought I’d feel better after good sleep. Unfortunately, my boss, who has deep distrust of most of his employees as
well as history of suddenly firing his workers, decided there was task
he needed me to perform urgently. My colleagues told him I’d been
called out – lying is sometimes necessary evil – but he had better
knowledge of the situation than they realised, and I was summoned to
his office. I thought he would give me hard time but he showed tolerance that surprised me. Even so, it was experience I wouldn’t want
to repeat.
VIII. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
Get ready to ght boredom on 1) … long empty days when you
have nothing to do. 2) … best thing to do if you are bored is to
go on 3) … holiday. What does 4) … word ‘holiday’ mean to you?
A holiday somewhere at 5) … seaside will put you in 6) … right
mood. Holidays generally are 7) … great fun! But here is a word
of warning: if you stay in 8) … sun too long, you can burn. Avoid
staying out between midday and three o’clock. And smile! There are
hundreds of langua ges in 9) … world, but 10) … big friendly smile
speaks them all.
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IX. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
When we were young, we believed in Santa Claus, a man in red
clothes with 1) … long white beard who comes once 2) … year to give
out presents to children who have been good. Every year, our uncle
Teddy used to dress up as Santa and bring us presents. When he did
this, we believed he was 3) … real Santa, and we all looked forward
to this visit. One year, we were waiting at 4) … home for Santa to turn
up, and when we heard 5) … loud knock on 6) … door, we opened it in
7) … excitement. But this year our visitor was different. He had on 8)
… same red clothes, but it was unmistakably our uncle Teddy. He had
forgotten to put on 9) … long white beard he wore to disguise his face!
It was that day that I realized that Santa Claus wasn’t real at all; it was
just 10) … story that had been made up for children.
X. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там, где
это необходимо:
Monica has always been 1) … easy-going and tolerant person who
can put up with people’s differences. She hardly ever became annoyed
about anything and believed that if you treated 2) … people well, they
would cooperate with you. That is, until Ben and Luke moved in 3) …
next door. At first, when their music woke her in 4) … night, she was
a little bit upset. She decided to talk to them in 5) … nice way. When
Luke opened the door, she said, “I’m not keen on 6) … very loud music. Could you turn it down a bit?” But he just shut the door in her face.
7) … next time she called on them, she gave them 8) … cake as a
present. That day 9) … noise stopped. Now there is 10) … peace and
quiet between them.
XI. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
I had 1) … terrible day yesterday. I woke up 2) … hour late because
my alarm clock didn’t go off. I was in such 3) … hurry that I forgot to
put my socks on. I ran out of 4) … house trying to catch 5) … 8:30 bus,
but of course I missed it. I wanted to take 6) … taxi, but I didn’t have
enough money. As 7) … result, I was late for 8) … work. My supervisor
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was furious and said I was 9) … bad employee. On 10) … way home,
I realized that I had left 11) … keys to my house at 12) … work, so I had
to climb in through 13) … open window. I went to 14) … bed in 15) …
very bad mood.
XII. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
The Muse Company is looking for an Event Manager with 1) …
relevant qualifications and at 2) … least five years’ work experience.
3) … competitive salary and 4) … generous benefits are available for
5) … right candidate. You will be responsible for organizing all kinds
of 6) … business and social events as well as controlling 7) … whole
project, from planning at 8) … start to running 9) … event on the day.
You must be available to start work at 10) … short notice and must be
11) … good team player. This is 12) … challenging and fulfilling job
for anyone wishing to start 13) … career in event management. 14) …
company wishes to fill 15) … vacancy immediately.
XIII. Заполните пропуски артиклями a / an или the там,
где это необходимо:
The Amazon rainforest in 1) … South America is the world’s largest rainforest. It got its name from 2) … River Amazon which ows
across 3) … northern part of 4) … Brazil. Amazonia covers 5) …
territory of about 5.5 million square kilometres – an area far larger
than 6) … European Union. It is home to 7) … third of all known
terrestrial plant, animal and insect species. It has taken 8) … nature
millions of years to create the Amazon rainforest, yet people have destroyed large parts of it in only a few generations. Since 9) … 1950s,
Amazonia has lost 18 percent of its original forest cover, and up to 50
percent of the forest has been partially destroyed. If 10) … destruction
is not stopped, in fty years the largest rainforest may disappear.
XIV. Используйте артикль the там, где необходимо.
1) … Europe is the world’s second smallest continent and 2) …
third most populated. There are about 50 countries – with 3) … Russia and 4) … Turkey being partly in Europe and partly in 5) … Asia.
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Europe is surrounded by water on three sides – 6) … Mediterranean
Sea, 7) … Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. It is separated from Asia by 8) …
Ural Mountains. 9) … highest mountain peak is 10) … Mount Elbrus.
11) … longest river is 12) … River Volga and 13) … largest lake is
14) … Lake Ladoga located in 15) … north-western Russia. The world’s
smallest country, 16) … Vatican City, is in Europe. 17) … Pope,
18) … leader of the worldwide Catholic Church, lives here along with
800 citizens. There are 24 official languages in Europe, but actually
19) … Europeans speak more than 200 languages. 20) … European
Union was formed to bring together the countries of Europe.
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Личные, притяжательные и возвратные местоимения
Личные Притяжательные
именительный
падеж
кто? что?
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
3. мЕСТОИмЕНИя
объектный
падеж
кого? кому?
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
зависимая
форма
чей?
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
независимая
форма
чей?
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
Возвратные
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
− He works every day. I met them at the business meeting.
− It’s me. She is as clever as him (= he is).
− This is my oce. = This oce is mine. A friend of ours (= our
friend) is coming to see us. This is my own room. = This is a room of
my own.
− Ms Harrison introduced herself to me. Don’t hurt yourself,
Mike! Don’t burn yourselves, children!
− The doctor himself was rather ugly, but his wife was a real
beauty. The lm itself wasn’t very good, but I liked the music. He was
courtesy itself.
− I prepared the report by myself (= on my own) (действие выпол-
няется либо в одиночестве, либо без посторонней помощи).
− Enjoy yourself! Help yourself to salad, please. Make yourself at
home. Behave yourself!
Примечания:
Подлежащим английского предложения может быть местои-
мение только в именительном падеже, поэтому предложения
типа «Нам сказали …», «Их видели …» употребляются в страдательном залоге: We were told … , They were seen … .
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В случае невозможности или при отсутствии необходимости
указывать пол упомянутого ранее человека, употребляются
личные местоимения they, them или словосочетания he or she,
him or her: Any person likes when they are praised (= when he or
she is praised).
В английском языке притяжательные местоимения употребля-
ются даже тогда, когда в русском языке местоимение «свой»
отсутствует (но при этом подразумевается), например, при существительных, обозначающих части тела, предметы одежды,
личные принадлежности и родственные отношения: I put on my
coat and left. The man put his hand into his pocket and took out his
wallet. She always helps her mother with household duties.
В сочетании с предлогами существительные, обозначающие
части тела, употребляются с определенным артиклем the, особенно когда описываются болевые ощущения, травмы, физический контакт: She patted him on the shoulder. Nancy slapped
me across the face.
Возвратные местоимения не употребляются:
– после глаголов aord, behave, complain, concentrate, feel,
hurry, kiss, meet, relax, wonder, worry, get up, sit down,
wake up и др.: How do you feel? She can’t aord to buy a new
jacket. He behaved badly. Но: Behave yourself at school!
– после глаголов shave, dress, wash, hide: She washed and
dressed very quickly. Но: Lizzy is only two years old, but she
can wash and dress herself (подчеркивается самостоятель-
ность выполнения действия).
Когда местоимение с предлогом выполняет в предложении
функцию обстоятельства места, употребляется не возвратное
местоимение, а личное местоимение в объектном падеже: Have
you got any money on you? He closed the door behind him. They put
the dictionary between them. I’d like to take you with me.
Употребление местоимений it и there
1. It заменяет существительное, обозначающее неодушевленный
предмет: The postman brought the letter. It is on the table. There is
a rosebush near the fence and it is now blooming.
49
2. It употребляется в телефонных разговорах и для обозначения
пока неизвестного собеседнику человека: Hello. It is Mary Stu-
art speaking. “Who is that over there?” “It is John Cook.”
3. It употребляется по отношению к животным и маленьким де-
тям, когда их пол неизвестен или безразличен: Look at that bird.
It always comes to my window. Her new baby is tiny. It only weights
2 kilos.
4. It употребляется, когда речь идет о только что описанной си-
туации: The day will be fine; no one doubts it. Mary returned late.
It irritated her mother.
5. It употребляется в сообщениях о явлениях природы, с глаго-
лами обозначающими состояние погоды (rain, snow, freeze и
др.): It is winter. It is cold. It is getting dark. It often rains in au-
tumn.
6. It употребляется для обозначения времени и расстояния: It
th
is the 20
of January. It is high time to start. It is 3 years since
I saw him. It takes me 15 minutes to get there. It is one mile from
our house to the river. How far is it to the station?
7. It употребляется в неопределенно-личных предложениях:
It is said that Nelly and Fred are getting married. It seems that they
have never quarrelled.
8. Для того, чтобы сделать логическое ударение на каком-нибудь
члене предложения, его помещают в начале предложения между It is (was) и that (who, whom): It was I who met his sister in
the park. It was his sister whom I met in the park. It was in the park
that I met his sister. It is they who are losing the game.
9. It употребляется в сочетании с прилагательным, инфинитивом
или союзом that: It is no good going there now. It is difficult to
translate this article. It is better to be early. It is odd that he hasn’t
phoned. It’s a pity that you can’t come with us.
10. There употребляется для выражения наличия или существо-
вания в определенном месте лица или предмета, еще неизвестного собеседнику: There is a letter on the table. There are a
lot of students there. There were no other jobs available. Is there
anything wrong with your car? There seems / appears to be many
things in this world to be improved.
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