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Количественные числительные в сочетании с существитель-
ными, обозначающими время либо расстояние и отвечающими на
вопрос какой?, имеют два способа образования:
1. цифра + существительное в притяжательном падеже: ten
minutes’ break – десятиминутный перерыв, an hour’s delay – часовая задержка, two kilometres’ walk – двухкилометровая прогулка;
2. цифра + дефис + существительное в общем падеже и в един-
ственном числе: a ten-minute break – десятиминутный перерыв, a
one-hour delay – часовая задержка, a two-kilometre walk – двухкилометровая прогулка.
Словосочетания, не обозначающие время либо расстояние, об-
разуют подобные сочетания с числительным вторым способом:
a three-page document – трехстраничный документ, a seven-yearold girl – семилетняя девочка, a five-storey building – пятиэтажное
здание.
Употребление числительных для обозначения
хронологических дат
16(th) January, 2008 (Br.) = January 16(th), 2008 (Am.) –
Даты
Годы
Десятилетия
the sixteenth of January, twenty oh eight;
January the sixteenth, twenty oh eight
1500 BC (Before Christ) – fteen hundred BC; one thousand
ve hundred BC
1500 AD (Anno Domini) – fteen hundred AD; one thousand
ve hundred AD
1900 – nineteen hundred
1906 – nineteen oh six; nineteen hundred and six
1983 – nineteen eighty-three
2000 – the year two thousand; twenty hundred
2007 – two thousand (and) seven; twenty oh seven
2010 – two thousand (and) ten; twenty ten
2019 – twenty nineteen
the 1960s – the (nineteen) sixties
the 2000s – the noughties
the 2010s – the twenty tens
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Примечания:
Слово year не употребляется после обозначения года, но мо-
жет стоять перед ним в сочетании с артиклем the: The presidential
election took place in (the year) 2017.
Числительные thirties, forties, nineties и т. п. обозначают де-
сяток: thirties (= 30s) – числа от 30 до 39; nineties (= 90s) – числа
от 90 до 99. Такие числительные могут употребляться для обозначения:
– возраста: He was in his (early, mid, late) sixties. Сравните: He
was over (under) sixty.
Возраст от 13 до 19 лет обозначается существительным teens:
She is in her teens.
– температуры: The temperature is in the (low, mid, high) twenties.
– десятилетия: They met in the 1980s (the nineteen eighties).
Дробные числительные
Простые дроби
1
/2 ton – half of a ton
1
/3 mile – a (one) third of a mile
2
/3 students – two thirds of the students
1
/4 year – a (one) quarter of a year
3
/4 hour – three quarters / fourths of an hour
1
1
/2 months – one and a half months; one (a) month and a half
1
2
/5 tons – two and a fth tons; two tons and a fth
1
3
/4 miles – three and a quarter miles; three miles and a quarter
11
/
– eleven sixteenths
16
265
/
– two hundred and sixty-ve over four hundred and forty-four
444
Десятичные дроби
0.1 dollar – nought (zero, oh) point one of a dollar
0.01 litre – nought point nought one of a litre
2.35 kilometres – two point three ve kilometres
32.306 tons – thirty-two point three nought six tons
Примечания:
Обратите внимание на согласование дробных числительных
с глаголом-сказуемым:
92
– Four-fifths of the report was devoted to the recent innovations.
– Three-quarters of the workers are to upgrade their professional
qualifications.
– One in three new cars break / breaks down in the first year.
Проценты
0.2 % = 0.2 per cent = 0.2 p.c. – nought point two per cent
½ % = ½ per cent = ½ p.c. – a half per cent; a half of one per cent
2 % = 2 per cent = 2 p.c. – two per cent
* 50 per cent of the machinery has to be replaced.
* 20 per cent of our employees have a Bachelor’s degree.
* The percentage of profitability is rather low.
Арифметика
6 + 4 = 10
6 – 4 = 2 six minus four is / equals two
6 x 4 = 24
4 ÷ 2 = 2 four divided by two is / equals two
2x + 3y – z = 3z ÷ 4x
2
4
3
7
4
8
√9 the (square) root of nine
Меры веса, длины, объема и площади
1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams (g)
16 ounces = 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg)
2.2 pounds = 1 kilogram
14 pounds = 1 stone = 6.350 kilograms
1 tonne (metric ton) = 2,204.6 pounds = 1000 kilograms
1 ton (UK) = 2240 pounds = 1016 kilograms
1 ton (US) = 2000 pounds = 907 kilograms
six and four is ten
six plus four equals ten
six fours is twenty-four
six times four is twenty-four
six multiplied by four equals twenty-four
two x plus three y minus z equals three z divided by
four x
four squared
seven cubed
eight to the power of four
Вес
93
Длина
1 inch (in) = 25.4 millimetres (mm)
12 inches = 1 foot (ft) = 0.3 metre (m)
3 feet = 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 metre
1.76 yards = 1 mile (m) = 1.6 kilometres (km)
5 miles = 8 kilometres
Объем
1 pint (pt) = 0.568 litre (lt) (UK) = 0.473 litre (US)
8 pints = 1 gallon (gal) = 4.546 litres (UK) = 3.785 litres (US)
Площадь
1 acre (ac) = 4.84 square yards = 4047 square metres = 0.4 hectares (ha)
1 square mile = 640 acres = 259 hectares
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Israel temperatures are usually in the high (twenties / twentieth).
th
2. Bus (11 / the 11
3. Mr Sanger retired after a (40-year / 40 year’s) career in law.
4. I’ve warned you (a dozen / dozens) of times not to sign any
documents without reading.
5. The Republic of Ireland occupies (five-sixths / five-sixs) of the
island of Ireland.
6. Nature gave us ten fingers, and so it is natural for us to count in (ten
/ tens).
7. We offer a (24 hours / 24-hour) room service to keep you nourished
at any time of the day.
8. 30 % of my earnings (go / goes) in public utilities payment.
9. The fine was more than two (hundred / hundreds) dollars.
10. Graffiti, also called spray can art, appeared in Chicago in the
(1980s / 1980).
11. Leone stayed at “The Best Hospitality” hotel in (the Room 205 /
Room 205).
12. Christmas Day is always on (twenty five / the twenty-fifth) of December.
13. There are (one hundred and fifteen / a hundred fifteen) pages in this
book.
14. Mariam’s life took a major turn when she was in her (thirties /
thirty).
) doesn’t run here any longer.
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15. The malicious application had over (millions / a million)
downloads.
16. My mum’s (fortieth / forties) birthday is a little over three months
away.
17. Lord Byron published two volumes of poetry in his (tens / teens).
18. The Ancient Olympic Games originated in Greece and were held
(from 393 AD to 776 BC / from 776 BC to 393 AD).
19. There’re obvious differences between a (one-star / one star’s) and
a (five-star / five stars) hotel.
20. When life gives you (a hundred / hundreds) reasons to cry, show
life that you have (thousands / a thousand) of reasons to smile.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. These quick … workouts are the perfect t for your busy schedule.
a. 15-minute c. 15-minutes
b. 15 minutes d. 15 minute’s
2. A loyal friend is worth more than … relatives.
a. ten thousands c. ten thousands of
b. ten thousand of d. ten thousand
3. AliExpress shipments generally take 3 to 4 weeks to arrive, but we
had to wait … .
a. a month and a half c. a month and half
b. one and a half month d. one and half months
4. There … thirty-one … in October.
a. is; day c. is; days
b. are; day d. are; days
5. The organisation is looking for volunteers to complete a … course
next month.
a. three months c. three-month
b. three-months d. three-month’s
6. See … for additional instructions and directions.
th
page c. page 97
a. 97
b. the 97 page d. the page 97
95
7. … ships that had been trapped in ice in the Arctic Ocean for several
days have been freed.
a. A dozen of c. Dozen
b. Dozens of d. Dozens
8. … education is encouragement.
a. Nine-tenths of c. Nine-tenths
b. Nine-tenth d. Nine-tens
9. We are happy to announce that we have recently reached our …
customer!
a. one thousand c. a thousand
b. thousands d. one thousandth
10. In the early … , there was an obvious improvement in the economies of most developing countries.
a. ninetieth c. nineteens
b. nineties d. nineteenth
11. A typical working day for Mr Dylan nishes at … .
a. half to six c. 5.30 p.m. in the evening
b. 5.30 o’clock d. 5.30 p.m.
12. … , France’s Sun King, had the longest reign in European history.
a. The Fourteenth Louis c. Louis Fourteen
b. Louis Fourteenth d. Louis the Fourteenth
13. Professor Forth’s … intensive course on business etiquette is an
absolute necessity.
a. two-week c. two-week’s
b. two week’s d. two-weeks’
14. Phil Mickelson returned to The International after … absence.
a. a year’s c. one year
b. a one year d. a years’
15. English is the native language for … speakers worldwide.
a. million c. millions of
b. million of d. millions
My Granny learnt how to use e-mail and social networks only in … .
16.
a. the year twenty hundred ten c. year twenty ten
b. the year two thousands and ten d. two thousand and ten
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17. Albert Einstein, one of the best known intellectuals of all time,
was born on … 1879 in Germany.
a. fourteen March c. the fourteenth of March
b. fourteens March d. March fourteenth
18. In the United States about … a ton of waste … generated for each
person.
a. two-thirds; are c. two-third of; are
b. two-thirds of; is d. two-third; is
19. Police say that at about 6 p.m. on Saturday, a dark-haired woman,
in her … , was hit by a car at the corner of … and Constitution
Avenue.
a. mid-fty; the 14
b. mid-fties; 14
th
Street c. mid-ftieth; 14th Street
th
Street d. mid-ftieths; the 14th Street
20. Hunting for bear, caribou, moose, and sheep draws … people to
Alaska each year and contributes many … dollars to its economy.
a. hundreds; thousands c. hundred; thousands of
b. hundred of; thousands d. hundreds of; thousands of
III. Прочитайте предложения. В некоторых из них содер-
жатся ошибки. Найдите и исправьте их:
1. Open your books and turn to the page 67 to complete exercise 19.
2. Even in her fiftieth, Joan is still a very active actress and model.
3. Nokia has sold 15 percents fewer smartphones since November.
4. Every fourth year of 366 days is called a leap year.
5. Water takes up three-quarter of our planet’s surface.
6. King George VI was the ruler of Great Britain before Queen Elizabeth II.
7. The third of all marriages in Britain end in divorce.
8. Would you rather be half an hour early to something, or a half hour
late?
9. My son has fallen in love with an 18-years-old girl and they are getting married on the ninth of June.
10. Paraphrase sentence two so that it has the same meaning as the first
sentence.
11. These days we are moving into the third decade of the twenty-first
century.
97
12. Teenagers watch hundreds millions of videos a day on YouTube
and upload hundreds of thousands of videos daily.
13. Two of my friends, both in their twenties, went on a two-weeks
holiday to Thailand.
14. In the late ninety, 60 per cent of women in Belarus were married
before their 30th birthday.
15. We may live for a hundred years, but not one moment of these
hundred years can be returned, not even if we are prepared to pay
millions of dollars.
IV. Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложе-
ния, данный в скобках. Все цифры напишите словами:
1. A lie, told (сто раз), is still a lie.
2. (Три четвертых) a kilo equals 750 grams.
3. V. Putin was elected President of Russia in (двухтысячном году).
4. There was an order that lunch breaks were to be (полчаса) and no
longer.
5. (Первые три) years of a child’s life is an absolutely critical period
for brain development.
6. It’s difficult to predict what will happen in the following
(тысячелетие).
7. Ellie took an (восьмимесячный) training course in computer
programming.
8. He says that (два из трех) of the iPhones purchased by his family
were defective, and (третий) one wouldn’t receive calls.
9. The buildings in the Trinity Suburb were renovated in (1980-х
годах) to give them a touch of the (девятнадцати-векового)
Minsk.
10. From the airport, take bus (пятый) to the last stop. From there,
walk (двести пятьдесят) metres towards the city centre.
98
6. СОюзы
СОЧИНИТЕльНыЕ СОюзы
and
or
but
either … or
или … или
neither … nor
ни … ни
The door opened and somebody came in.
и
We can go swimming, or we could stay here.
или
He’s a hardworking but not very intelligent worker.
но
The manager is either in the oce or in a meeting.
Neither crocodiles nor snakes are mammals.
Для связи предложений в составе сложносочиненного предло-
жения и для связи однородных членов предложения служат также
следующие союзы, наречия и предлоги:
Результат
so
так что, итак
therefore
поэтому
that is why
поэтому
thus
таким образом
consequently
следовательно
as a result
в результате
There was no answer to my knock, so I went away.
It was raining hard, therefore we didn’t go out.
I’m of age today, that’s why I am giving a party tonight.
This mobile application is very simple and thus easy
to run.
She is very sociable, and consequently has a lot of
friends.
At the hotel, I mixed up the time for breakfast and as a
result we missed it.
Противопоставление
although / though /
even though
Although the dress was expensive, I bought it.
Even though I invited her, she didn’t come.
хотя
99
in spite of / despite
несмотря на
while / whereas
тогда как
however
однако
nevertheless / nonetheless
тем не менее
still / yet
тем не менее
on the one hand /
on the other hand
с одной стороны /
с другой стороны
no matter what (how,
when)
не важно что
(как, когда)
Дополнение
We understood him in spite of his accent.
Despite having a headache, I went on working.
My brother eats a lot of meat while I am a vegetarian.
Our environment is in danger. However, environmental disasters can be prevented.
Her parents gave her some good advice. Never-
theless, she didn’t follow it.
I ran fast, still / yet I nished last.
On the one hand, ice cream is delicious, but on
the other hand it is fattening.
No matter what he did, no one paid any attention
to it.
I can’t succeed, no matter how hard I try.
also / too / as well /
either
тоже, также
in addition (to)
вдобавок
furthermore / what is
more / moreover
более того
besides / apart from
кроме того
except / apart from
за исключением
того, что
as well as
так же, как и
100
I also like cats.
I like cats, too. I like cats as well.
I do not like dogs either.
The meeting was boring. In addition, it was long.
The meeting was boring in addition to being long.
Careless driving can result in an accident; moreover, it
endangers the lives of other drivers.
Public transport is overcrowded. Besides, it does not
always arrive on time.
I’ve got lots of other things to do besides talking to you.
She had nothing to say except that she was sorry.
The shop is open every day except Sundays.
We use gestures as well as words to communicate with
others.
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