Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Грамматика английского языка готовимся к централизованному тестированию
.pdf
both … and
как … так и
not only … but also /
not only … but …
as well
не только … но и
instead (of)
вместо
Союзы времени
He speaks both English and French.
For my daughter I am not only a good mother but also
her best friend.
For my daughter I am not only a good mother but her
best friend as well.
We could travel by air. Instead, we decided to go by bus.
You’re likely to pick up my keys instead of yours.
ПОДЧИНИТЕльНыЕ СОюзы
when
когда
as / just as
в то время как
while
пока, в то время как
as long as
до тех пор пока
till / until
до тех пор, пока (не)
before
до того как
after
после того как
then
затем
since
с тех пор как
as soon as / once
как только
no sooner … than
как только … то
She got married when she was 19.
I saw him as I was getting o the bus.
I fell asleep while I was watching TV.
As long as I live, I will not smoke any more cigarettes.
I’ll keep practicing until I’m better than he is.
Hear twice before you speak once.
After I read the magazine, I’ll give it to you.
Study the rule and then do the exercise below.
What have you been doing since I last saw you?
He’ll call you back as soon as he comes.
No sooner had I walked to the bus station than the bus
arrived.
101
hardly … when
как только … то
scarcely … when
как только … то
Союзы цели
Hardly had the rain stopped when the sun came out.
We had scarcely shaken our hands when my phone
rang.
so that / in order that
для того, чтобы
so as (to) / in order (to)
для того, чтобы
Союзы причины
as
так как
since
так как, поскольку
for
так как
because
потому что, так как
because of
из-за
due to / owing to
из-за, благодаря
in case
на (всякий) случай,
если
Союзы условия
He took a taxi so that he would get to work on time.
I studied hard so as to pass the test.
I studied hard in order not to fail the test.
As he wasn’t ready, we had to wait for him.
Since it was late, we decided to stay in.
He walked quickly, for he was in a great hurry.
I didn’t come to the party, because I was feeling unwell.
The school was closed because of heavy snowfall.
He was late due to busy trac.
I am taking my umbrella in case it rains.
if
если, в случае если
unless / if not
если … не
even if
даже если
on condition (that)
при условии если
102
If you lose your phone, you should report the police.
They won’t let you in unless you have (if you do not
have) a ticket.
Don’t stop taking antibiotics even if you feel better.
I’ll lend you some money on condition (that) you return it as soon as possible.
provided / providing
(that)
при условии если
as long as / so long as
при условии если
suppose / supposing
(that)
предположим
as if / as though
как если бы,
как будто
otherwise / or else
иначе
We’ll go for a picnic on Saturday provided that the
weather is ne.
You can use my car as long as you drive carefully.
Supposing you are wrong, what will you do then?
It looks as if it is going to rain.
He sounds as though he has got a cold.
Hurry up otherwise / or you will miss the train.
Go away or else I won’t nish my work today.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. We decided not to go out (as / because of / so) it was raining.
2. Always lock your bike when you park it (so that / so as / because)
to prevent it from being stolen.
3. I feel (as if / even if / only if) everybody is laughing behind my
back.
4. (Until / When / Since) something goes wrong, people look for
someone to blame.
5. You cannot return a product to the shop (unless / if / as if) you don’t
have a receipt.
6. Some people add cream and sugar in their coffee, (otherwise / while
/ despite) others prefer it black.
7. My phone rang (as long as / as soon as / as well as) I was leaving
the house.
8. You’d better keep youghurt in the fridge (so / so as / so that) it stays
fresh.
9. The passengers must stay in their seats (unless / except / until) the
pilot turns off the seat belt sign.
10. (Even though / Even if / Even so) the snow has stopped falling, it is
still freezing cold.
11. Take out insurance when buying a smartphone (if / in case / unless)
it gets damaged.
103
12. I didn’t sleep at all last night and (that’s why / for / however) I feel
very tired today.
13. (In addition to / Except / As well) improving your immune system,
physical activity reduces stress level.
14. He stepped aside (in order to / so that / so as) I entered the room
first.
15. (Moreover / However / No sooner) good or bad a situation is, it will
change.
16. All visitors were asked to leave the shopping mall (because / in
spite of / because of) the fire alarm.
17. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system (while / once / since)
Mars is extremely cold.
18. On Victory Day, there’s a fireworks display (even if / only if / as
long as) the weather is nasty.
19. (Despite / As though / Although) my Spanish was poor, I managed
to make myself understood.
20. You’d better make a copy of this document (unless / in case / since)
something happens to the original.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. We were sitting on the beach waiting … the sun goes down.
a. for c. as
b. unless d. until
2. … a personality conict with her teacher, she still managed to get
an 8 in the course.
a. In spite c. Due
b. Because d. Despite
3. Ukraine is making changes to its political and economic systems …
become a member of the EU.
a. in order to c. so as
b. so to d. so that
4. You can ask her to help, but don’t nd it surprising … she doesn’t
want to.
a. unless c. if
b. as if d. supposing
104
5. Zack put his mobile phone on vibrate … he didn’t want his teacher
to hear if somebody called him.
a. yet c. because of
b. as d. so as
6. We’re going to leave by four … get stuck in the rush-hour trac.
a. not only to c. so that not to
b. in order to not d. so as not to
7. There are two reasons for the slow speed of your computer: … having worms, it has spyware.
a. despite of c. as well as
b. beside d. because
8. … Amanda handed in her exam paper, she realized that she had
made a mistake.
a. As long as c. So long as
b. As soon as d. No sooner
9. There is a lot of pollution in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia; …, it
is a fascinating city to visit.
a. nevertheless c. besides
b. otherwise d. furthermore
10. You can’t stop or even control your worrying, … hard you try.
a. whenever c. despite
b. no matter d. however
11. Photography was invented in the mid-19th century; …, painting
lifelike pictures became less popular.
a. what is more c. still
b. as a result d. nevertheless
12. There are plenty of vacancies available for immigrants in Europe
… Europeans are not willing to work hard for low wages.
a. when c. until
b. after d. since
13. Theatre audience should turn o their mobile phones … distract
the actors when they ring during the play.
a. in order to c. in order to not
b. in order not to d. in order not
105
14. Tourists are allowed to stay in the country for three months …
they’ve got enough money to live on without taking a job.
a. whereas c. even though
b. therefore d. provided that
15. I wouldn’t marry him … he was the last man on earth!
a. even if c. unless
b. until d. even though
16. Some large companies have ‘dressdown’ days for their employees,
… they can wear more casual clothes at work.
a. so that c. even so
b. so as d. in order
17. The lm was so amusing that we all laughed … we had tears running down our faces.
a. before c. while
b. unless d. until
18. Nowadays many people are completely dependent on their mobile
phones; … , thirty years ago they did not even exist.
a. however c. because
b. moreover d. therefore
19. Most people in the world now live much longer … the progress in
medicine over the past 100 years.
a. in spite of c. due to
b. because d. despite
20. … had the rst book in the Harry Potter series been published … it
topped the best-seller list.
a. Hardly; than c. No sooner; than
b. Not only; but also d. As long as; so
III. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложен-
ных вариантов ответа:
People aren’t born smart. People learn how to work with what
they’ve got, and (1) (as a result / what is more) become smart. How?
Here’s some advice you can follow (2) (in order to / in order that) make
yourself more quick-witted.
First of all, (3) (since / due to) the brain uses about 20 % of the
body’s energy, it’s necessary to eat more vegetables, brown bread and
106
red meat (4) (so as / so that) to raise the amount of B vitamins, folic acid
and iron. (5) (In addition / In addition to), make sure you get enough
sleep (6) (because / because of) lack of sleep reduces your concentration
and problem-solving abilities. (7) (Therefore / Although), daydreaming
is extremely useful in mindfulness training (the technique which Steve
Jobs used to become more creative).
But the brain doesn’t only require food and rest, it (8) (too / also)
needs exercise. Physical exercise is important (9) (despite / for) it
increases the blood supply, and therefore the oxygen, to the brain. (10)
(Apart from / Because of) this, the brain calls for mental exercise –
reading, playing memory games (11) (as well as / but also) solving
puzzles can boost your brain power by keeping your brain sharp. Social
interaction may develop your intelligence (12) (as well / either). (13)
(Unless / If) you want to become smarter, spend time around people
smarter than yourself (14) (as / however) you are the reflection of the
five people you spend most time with.
The tips shared here aren’t difficult to integrate into your daily
routine and (15) (except / besides) making you smarter, they will
probably make you much healthier and happier.
IV. Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложен-
ных вариантов ответа:
Traffic congestion is a growing problem in most cities which were
planned (1) (when / once / till) there were not so many cars on the roads.
(2) (Although / As a result / What is more), the streets are too narrow to
take today’s traffic. (3) (Because / In addition / Instead) to this, there is
not enough off-street parking in the city; (4) (for / therefore / however),
drivers leave their cars on the side of the road, making the space even
narrower. People are not willing to use public transport (5) (in case /
so / because) it is inconvenient, overcrowded or not available for the
journey they want to make. Cars are (6) (also / too / either) major status
symbols, meaning that more and more people want to own one. Some
cities now make drivers pay to enter the city centre, (7) (so as / so that /
as) they are encouraged to leave their cars at home. Another scheme is
‘park and ride’, in which people leave their cars on the city’s outskirts
and take public transport (8) (in order to / so that / due to) get to their
destination. It is clear that we need to take action (9) (since / because
107
of / thus) traffic congestion leads to pollution (10) (in addition / but also
/ as well as) frustration.
V. Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски предложен-
ными союзами:
although
as soon as
(1) … Adam Lutter finished school, he applied for a job in a catering
company. (2) … the fact that he liked the work, he did not stay there
very long (3) … of the very low pay and too long working hours. His
next job was in a travel agency. He liked that much better (4) … he
travelled all over the world and the work was very well paid. Soon, he
realized that it was his real field! (5) … he continued working there (6)
… he really understood the business. (7) … , he was looking around for
investors (8) … he could set up his own company. Now he is doing very
well, (9) … his responsibilities are rather challenging sometimes. He is
going to make enough money to stop working (10) … he is 60.
because
before
besides
despite
since
so that
that’s why
until
VI. Прочитайте предложения. В некоторых из них со-
держатся ошибки. Найдите и исправьте их:
1. What should I do as if I forget my password?
2. Despite of the fact that I had little working experience I got the job
I had applied for.
3. It’s necessary to get regular eye checkups even if you don’t wear
glasses.
4. The elevators were out of order, though the employees had to climb
the stairs.
5. Pets may be permitted on board the plane provided they are in a
small cage.
6. Could you move your car out of the way so as I can get mine out of
the garage?
7. My username and password didn’t match. Resetting the password
didn’t work too.
8. I was surprised to hear that Zara had passed her exam due to she
hardly studied at all.
9. Although the danger, the firefighters rushed into the burning house
in order to save the tenants.
108
10. Supposing Brandon doesn’t come, who will entertain the guests?
11. Don’t forget to arrange health insurance in the case you need
treatment while you’re abroad.
12. Never be too much available for someone otherwise you’ll lose
your importance!
13. My grandparents go for daily walks in the nearby park so that to get
some fresh air.
14. Our flight from Toronto was cancelled because poor weather so we
chartered a bus instead.
15. While some people enjoy the hustle and bustle of a city, others
prefer a quiet neighborhood in the suburbs.
16. It is good to brush your teeth after you have a meal, but unless you
can’t, chewing sugarless gum is an alternative.
17. The airline only allows 20 kilos of baggage per person, so you
should pack your bags carefully so as to not exceed the limit.
18. Even if you have lots of money, but are in debt, your situation won’t
change until you learn to live within your means.
19. Roland won’t get the job so he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
And besides, he can’t speak any foreign language.
20. I’m happy that English isn’t my first language because otherwise
I would have missed the opportunity to learn the finest language in
the world.
VII. Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков
только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу:
∼ Sorry, I’m late, Rachel. I was stopped by the police!
∼ Not again! You were driving fast in (1) … to get here on time,
weren’t you?
∼ No exactly. (2) … I was at the petrol station, I saw a driver drop
his wallet. I wanted to give it back to him, (3) … I followed his car.
I was speeding so (4) … to overtake him. And then I saw a police
car behind me ashing its lights so (5) … I stopped.
∼ What for?
∼ They explained that one of my back lights wasn’t working and that’s
(6) … they were following me.
∼ Did you manage to catch that driver?
∼ No, I didn’t, (7) … the police stopped me (8) … I could catch him.
109
Предлоги времени
при указании на точное время
(с названием часов, минут, определенного момента)
at 8 o’clock в 8 часов
at sunrise, at dawn на рассвете
at sunset, at dusk на закате
at noon, at midday в полдень
at dinner time во время обеда
at midnight в полночь
at night ночью
at the beginning of the day в начале дня
at the end of the day в конце дня
at present в настоящее время
at the moment в данный момент
at any time в любое время
at this (that) time в это (то) время
at the same time в это же время
Запомните выражения с предлогом at:
at New Year на Новый год
at Christmas (time) на Рождество
at (the age of) 25 в (возрасте) 25 лет
at the weekend, at weekends в выходные дни
at times временами, иногда
at a later date позже
7. ПрЕДлОГИ
AT
ON
с названиями дней недели, с обозначением дат
on (the following) Monday в (следующий) понедельник
on 3 November 2019 3 ноября 2019 года
on the morning of the 8
on that day (evening) в тот день (вечер)
on one’s day o в свой выходной день
on weekdays в будние дни
110
th
утром 8-го числа
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]