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Файл:Английский язык (дистанционное обучение) лингвометодическое обеспечение формирования навыков самостоятельной работы. Учебное пособие
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в) с глаголом связкой to be + прилагательное (likely – вероятно;
unlikely – вряд ли, маловероятно; certain, sure – непременно).
He is likely to take part in our new project design.
Вероятно, он примет участие в разработке нашего нового проекта.
Задание 4.1. Заполните пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в пра-
вильной форме.
1. Water ____ (to know) to be a good conductor of electricity.
2. Mr. Gromov (to say) to be a good engineer.
3. He (to seem) to be ill.
4. A small windmill (to be likely) to generate 100 kilowatts of electricity.
5. The project (to expect) to be interesting.
Задание 4.2. Выразите ту же мысль предложениями с Complex
Subject:
Образец: It is known that the Sun is a primary source of energy.
Ответ: The Sun is known to be a primary source of energy.
1. It is expected that he will come on Sunday.
___________________________________________________
2. It is said that the equipment is very expensive.
___________________________________________________
3. It is known that Washington was the first president of the USA.
___________________________________________________
4. It is likely that the energy crisis will begin very soon.
___________________________________________________
Задание 4.3. Составьте предложения.
1) the system, is, to be, expected, pollution-free
2) information, to be, very important, seems
3) is sure, he, on time, to come
4) the method, efficient, to be, proved
5) winter, to be, likely, is, cold
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Задание 4.4. Переведите на английский язык.
3B Reading
A
-able
-al
essence
comfort
industry
nature
renew
reason
use
work
____-______
comfortable
essential
_____-_____
существенный
удобный
1. Кажется, она хороший менеджер.
___________________________________
2. Вероятно, они работают в банке.
___________________________________
3. Известно, что нефть – важный источник (source) энергии.
_____________________________________________
4. Говорят, что он в Москве.
_____________________________________________
Задание 1. От данных слов (A) образуйте прилагательные с помощью
суффиксов -able или -al, расположите их в соответствующей колонке
и переведите на русский язык.
Задание 2. С помощью префиксов un-, non-, in- образуйте слова,
противоположные по значению данным, и переведите их на русский
язык. В случае сомнения обратитесь к словарю.
Образец: comfortable – uncomfortable (неудобный)
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direct – ___________ (____________)
1) essential part
2) shortage
3) consume energy
4) domestic animals
5) steam engine
6) fossil fuels
7) non-renewable resources
8) medieval man
9) primary energy
10) water-wheel
11) windmill
a) средневековый человек
b) ветряная мельница
c) невозобновляемые ресурсы
d) ископаемые виды топлива
e) первичная энергия
f) важная (существенная) часть
g) водяное колесо
h) потреблять энергию
i) домашние животные
j) паровой двигатель
k) дефицит, нехватка
essential – ___________ (____________)
natural – ___________ (____________)
renewable – ___________ (____________)
reasonable – ___________ (____________)
usable – ___________ (____________)
likely – ___________ (____________)
Задание 3. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания (1–11)
с их русскими эквивалентами (a–k).
Задание 4. Прочитайте текст со словарем и выберите заголовок,
который более точно передает его содержание.
A. How Much Energy People Use Today
B. Energy Is an Essential Part of Man’s Civilization
C. From the History of Man’s Civilization
D. Fossil Fuels
We know energy to be an essential part of our civilization. A million
years ago primitive man needed only 6,000 kJ a day which he got in the
form of food and were enough to find other food.
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By the 15th century people had learned to use domestic animals, wind
Time
Man
Years
of life
kJ a day
Why?
A million years ago
By the 15th century
In the 18th century
industrial man
50
340,000
to activate machines
Today
and water. Their energy was put to work for human purposes to produce
more food. Using windmills, water-wheels and a little coal medieval man
was already consuming 120,000 kJ a day.
The 18th century was marked by the invention of the steam engine. It
was this invention that made 340,000 kJ a day available to industrial man
in England.
Today, due to heavy use of coal, oil, and natural gas man consumes
1,000,000 kJ a day, one third in the form of electricity. In the nearest
future energy consumption is sure to increase. The reasons are quite
evident. Technological man lives four times as long as primitive man and
twice as long as man in the 15th century. Nearly half of man’s life today is
spent on education, leisure and creative activities. Medieval man spent
only quarter of his thirty-five years in these pursuits, and primitive man –
only one sixth in his short life of eighteen years.
Most energy we use today is received from burning fossil fuels – coal,
oil and natural gas. These are non-renewable resources and they are not
likely to last forever.
In fact, there is no shortage of primary energy. The sun provides ten
thousand times as much energy as we require today. Indirect solar energy
comes in many forms ranging from solar radiation through wind and
waves to trees and plants. To convert these resources into mechanical work
or other usable forms of energy is the problem at which our scientists and
engineers are working hard.
Задание 5. Заполните таблицу, используя информацию из текста.
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Задание 6. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
a) increase b) need c) spend d) consume e) provide
1) fossil
2) non-renewable
3) quite
4) solar
5) leisure
a) evident
b) activities
c) fuel
d) resources
e) radiation
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What is a primary source of energy?
2. What did primitive man take energy from?
3. What are the main sources of energy today?
4. What does modern man use energy for?
5. Why do people look for new sources of energy?
Ответы:
a) shortage of coal, oil and gas
b) education, leisure and creative activities
c) the Sun
d) from food he ate
e) fossil fuels
Задание 7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях данными словами.
1. People ____ energy for comfort and lighter work, first of all.
2. In the nearest future the use of energy will continue to ____.
3. Coal, oil and gas ____ most energy which people use today.
4. Modern people ____ a lot of energy on leisure and creative activities.
5. Today engineers work hard to invent devices which ___ less energy.
Задание 8. Составьте и переведите на русский язык возможные
словосочетания. Каждое слово можно использовать один раз.
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Задание 9. Заполните пропуски словосочетаниями из задания 8.
3C Reading and Speaking
the British Isles
chamber
the Irish
island
political set-up
raw materials
reign
rule
the Scots
state
trade
the Welsh
Британские острова
палата
ирландцы
остров
политическое устройство
сырьё
царствовать
править
шотландцы
государство
торговля
валлийцы
1. It’s ____ ____ that the resources of oil, and gas will not last forever.
2. Coal, oil and gas are ____ ____.
3. Sport and ____ ____ are an essential part of people’s life.
4. ____ ____ is very harmful for people’s health.
5. Coal and oil are the main types of ____ ____.
Words and phrases:
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски, используя
в нужной форме слова из ‘Words and phrases’.
The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. The country is located on the British Isles.
These are two large _____, Great Britain and Ireland, and many smaller
ones. The UK consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales (which
are in Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (which is in Ireland).
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The UK is one of the smallest countries in the world. Its population is
about 60 million people. The main nationalities are the English, the Scots,
the Welsh, and _____.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of ____ is the
Queen. In practice the Queen reigns, but doesn’t _____. The country is
ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British
Parliament consists of two _____: the House of Commons and the House
of Lords. Now the Queen of the UK is Elizabeth II.
The UK lives by manufacture and ______. The main industries are
textiles, metal working, ship-building, and electronics.
Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources
and mostly depends on imports.
Most of the _______ for its industries such as oil and various metals
(copper, zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported.
Задание 2. Заполните пропуски, выбрав правильный вариант ответа.
1. The UK is ______. (a сontinental state/an island state)
2. It is ______ to call the whole country “Англия”. (not correct/correct)
3. The UK is one of the ______ countries in the world. (largest/smallest)
4. The UK is a ______. (constitutional monarchy/parliamentary republic)
5. The UK lives by ______. (the production of oil and gas/by trade and
manufacture)
6. Britain has ______ natural resources. (few, many)
Задание 3. Сформулируйте 5 отличий России от Великобритании.
Начните так: Unlike the UK, Russia is … .
Задание 4. Расскажите о Великобритании/России с опорой на данные
вопросы:
1. Is the UK/Russia a continental or an island state?
2. Where is the country located?
3. What is the population of the country?
4. What are the main nationalities?
5. What is the political set-up of the UK/Russia?
78
6. What does the country live by?
3D Technical Texts Reading
1) according to
2) oil formation
3) intense heat
4) organic matter
5) oceanic sediments
6) metamorphose
7) waxy material
8) accretion of solids
9) Earth’s formation
a) образование Земли
b) океанические осадки
c) согласно, в соответствии
d) парафин, воскообразное вещество
e) изменяться
f) высокая температура
g) органическое вещество
h) образование нефти
i) нанос твердых пород, аккреция (геол.)
7. What are the main industries of the country?
8. Does the country have few or many natural resources?
Текст А
(для студентов нефтетехнологического факультета)
Задание 1. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания (1–9) с их
русскими эквивалентами (a–i).
Задание 2. В настоящее время существуют две основные теории про-
исхождения нефти – органическая (биологическая) и неорганическая
(геологическая). Прочитайте текст со словарем и найдите абзац,
в котором говорится об органической теории происхождения нефти.
OIL FORMATION
(1) Nowadays two main theories of oil formation, biogenic and
abiogenic, are known to exist.
(2) According to the biogenic theory oil is formed from the remains of
dead plants and animals buried under heavy layers of oceanic sediments.
79
(Land plants tend to form coal). The intense heat and pressure cause the
remains of this organic matter to metamorphose, first into a waxy material
known as kerogen, and then with more heat into oil and gas. It is this
theory that is favoured by most scientists in the world.
(3) The other theory of oil formation is the abiogenic theory which
postulates that petroleum was formed from deep carbon deposits. This
theory was proposed in the 19th century by a Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleev, and by a French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, and revived in
the 20th century by Russian and Ukrainian geoscientists.
(4) In 1999, the American astronomer Thomas Gold developed this
theory further in his book ‘The Deep Hot Biosphere – The Myth of Fossil
Fuels’. Gold writes: “The abiogenic theory holds that hydrocarbons were
a component of the material that formed the Earth through accretion of
solids some 4.5 billion years ago”. According to this theory, the elements
of petroleum have been deep in the Earth since the Earth’s formation.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What are two theories of oil formation?
2. Which of two theories is true according to most of the scientists?
3. Which theory did Mendeleev propose?
4. What form organic remains?
Ответы:
a) abiogenic theory
b) biogenic theory
c) carbon
d) dead plants and animals
e) biogenic and abiogenic theories
80
Задание 4. Закончите предложение, выбрав правильный вариант.
1) air gap
2) housing development
3) energy losses
4) overhead conductor wire
5) electric power supply
6) input winding
7) output winding
8) step-up transformer
9) step-down transformer
10) capacitor
11) mica
12) short
a) подача электроэнергии
b) жилой массив
c) повышающий трансформатор
d) понижающий трансформатор
e) провод воздушной линии
f) воздушный зазор
g) конденсатор
h) короткое замыкание
i) слюда
j) выходная обмотка
k) входная обмотка
l) потери энергии
1. According to biogenic theory oil is formed from the remains of …
a) land plants;
b) sea plants and animals.
2. Most scientists think that … .
a) oil is formed from organic matter;
b) oil if formed from inorganic matter.
3. According to D. Mendeleev … .
a) oil was formed from carbon deposits;
b) hydrocarbons were deep in the Earth since its formation.
4. ‘Hydrocarbons’ is a collective word for … .
a) oil, gas, and carbon;
b) oil, gas, and coal.
5. Gold considers oil formation from organic material to be … .
a) a myth;
b) true.
(для студентов электротехнического факультета)
Задание 1. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания (1–12)
с их русскими эквивалентами (a–l).
Текст B
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