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Файл:Английский язык (дистанционное обучение) лингвометодическое обеспечение формирования навыков самостоятельной работы. Учебное пособие
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You may come in = You are allowed to come in. Вы можете войти.
You were allowed to come in. Вам разрешили войти.
You will be allowed to come in. Вам разрешат войти.
Модальный глагол SHOULD выражает совет:
You should do it yourself. Вам следует сделать это самому.
Модальный глагол NEEDN’T выражает отсутствие необходи-
мости совершать действие.
You needn’t do it. Вам необязательно (не нужно) делать это.
Задание 1.1. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами:
can cannot must mustn’t may needn’t
1. You are ill. You ___ stay in bed. 2. I’m sorry. Mr. Green ___ speak
to you now. He is very busy. 3. The rain has stopped. We ___ go for
a walk. 4. ___ I come in? 5. Before crossing the road you ___ forget to
stop for the green lights. 6. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You …
meet her. 7. You … type this letter now. You can do it tomorrow.
Задание 1.2. Эквивалентами каких модальных глаголов (can, may
или must) являются выделенные слова?
1. We have to discuss this problem now. 2. The train is to arrive at 5.
3. He is allowed to come in. 4. Nick is able to pass his exams well.
5. Children are allowed to watch TV two hours a day. 6. Tom’s wife is
out. He has to cook himself. 7. Don’t worry. They are able to do this
work very well.
Задание 1.3. Переведите предложения, пользуясь подсказкой.
1. Вам следует отдохнуть (to have a rest). 2. Ты должен
вернуться (to come back). 3. Ему пришлось взять такси (to take
a taxi). 4. Мне разрешат использовать Интернет (to use Internet).
5. Завтра они смогут повторить испытание (to repeat the test).
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2. Времена группы Continuous выражают действие, которое
находится в процессе совершения и ещё не закончилось.
В активном залоге все три времени (настоящее, прошедшее
и будущее) группы Continuous образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола ‘to be’ в нужной форме и Причастия I (Participle I)
смыслового глагола.
Participle I образуется прибавлением окончания -ing к основе
глагола (speaking, doing, sleeping).
to be + Participle I
Present am, is, are
Past was, were sleeping
Future will be
The children are sleeping now. Дети спят сейчас.
When I came the children were sleeping. Дети спали, когда я пришла.
When I come the children will be sleeping. Дети будут спать, когда
я приду.
При постановке вопроса форма ‘to be’ выносится за подлежащее. В отрицательном предложении к форме ‘to be’ добавляется
частица not.
They are listening to him with great interest.
Are they listening to him with great interest?
They are not listening to him with great interest.
В страдательном залоге сказуемое состоит из вспомогательного
глагола ‘to be’ в нужной форме, глагола ‘to be’ c окончанием -ing
(being) и Participle II смыслового глагола.
to be being + Participle II
Present am, is, are
Past was, were being used
Future ____
They are being listened to with great interest.
They were being listened to with great interest.
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Глаголы, выражающие чувства и восприятия, такие как see, hear,
know, think, feel, understand и др., как правило, не употребляются во
временах группы Continuous.
Задание 2.1. В следующих предложениях преобразуйте форму
глагола с опорой на контекст и выделенные слова.
1. I am having breakfast now.
I _________ breakfast when he came.
I _________ breakfast at that time tomorrow.
2. Look! They are watching TV.
They _______ TV the whole evening yesterday.
They _______ TV the whole day tomorrow.
3. Our boss is waiting for you.
Our boss ________ for you at 9 o’clock yesterday.
Our boss ________ for you tomorrow morning from 10 to 11.
4. It is raining hard.
It _______ hard on my way to work.
The sky is grey. I think it _______ the whole morning.
Задание 2.2. Выразите удивление с помощью общего вопроса и ис-
правьте утверждение с опорой на подсказку.
1. Ann is speaking to her boss.
______________________?
No, she _________________ (to have a tea break).
2. The children are sleeping.
______________________________________?
No, they _________________________ (to play computer games).
3. He was making a report the whole evening.
__________________________________?
No, he ______________________________ (to listen to music).
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4. My husband will be working in the garden the whole Sunday.
__________________________________________________?
No, he _______________________________ (to watch TV).
Задание 2.3. Заполните пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках
в Present, Past или Future Continuous. Выделенные слова помогут вам.
1. I ___ a letter now. (to type) 2. Yesterday at this time we ____
a football match in the pub. (to watch) 3. He ____for you at his office in
an hour. (to wait) 4. Ann ____for her exam the whole evening yesterday.
(to get ready) 5. Look! The children ____still. (to sleep) 6. I ____in the
garden the whole day yesterday. (to work)
Задание 2.4. Переведите на русский язык предложения с глаголом
в страдательном залоге. В качестве подсказки используйте перевод
предложения в активном залоге.
Образец: He is telling a fairy-tale. Он рассказывает сказку.
He is being told a fairy-tale. Ему рассказывают сказку.
1. She is calling on the phone. Она звонит по телефону.
She is being called on the phone. ____________________
2. I am asking for help. Я прошу о помощи.
I am being asked for help. ____________________
3. She is offering a good job. Она предлагает хорошую работу.
She is being offered a good job. ____________________
4. They are giving useful advice. Они дают полезный совет.
They are being given useful advice. ____________________
5. We are showing a new office. Мы показываем новый офис.
We are being shown a new office. ____________________
6. He is listening to her with interest. Он слушает её с интересом.
He is being listened to with interest. ____________________
Задание 2.5. Выберите сказуемое в правильном залоге.
1. They (are building, are being built) a new road round the city.
2. A new road round the city (is building, is being built).
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3. Our engineers (are testing, are being tested) a new device.
4. A new device (was testing, was being tested) when we came in.
5. My car (is repairing, is being repaired) at the garage.
6. Some new houses (are building, are being built) opposite our house.
3. Времена группы Perfect выражают действие, которое завер-
шилось или к моменту речи (Present Perfect), или к определенному
моменту в прошлом (Past Perfect), или же совершится к определенному моменту в будущем (Future Perfect).
В активном залоге все три времени (настоящее, прошедшее
и будущее) группы Perfect образуются при помощи вспомогательного
глагола ‘to have’ в нужной форме и Причастия 2 (Participle II)
смыслового глагола.
to have + Participle II
Present have, has discussed
Past had done
Future will have
We have done the work and can go home. Мы сделали работу
и можем идти домой.
We had done the work before he came. Мы сделали работу прежде,
чем он пришёл.
We’ll have done the work when he comes. Мы сделаем работу к его
приходу.
Времена группы Perfect уточняют следующие слова: already, yet
(уже); yet (ещё не) в отрицательных предложениях; just (только что);
ever (когда-нибудь); never (никогда); recently (недавно), since 1985
(с 1985), for 2 hours, (2 часа) и др.
Слова: already, yet, just, recently могут стоять либо в конце
предложения, либо перед смысловой частью, выраженной Причастием 2.
He hasn’t come yet.
He hasn’t yet come.
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Cлова ever, never всегда употребляются перед смысловой частью,
выраженной Причастием 2.
Have you ever been to London?
I have never been to London.
В страдательном залоге сказуемое состоит из вспомогательного
глагола ‘have’ в нужной форме, глагола ‘to be’ в перфектной форме
(been) и Participle II смыслового глагола.
to have been + Participle II
Present have, has
Past had been built
Future will have
При постановке вопроса форма ‘to have’ выносится за под-
лежащее. В отрицательном предложении к вспомогательному глаголу
(форме ‘to have’) добавляется not.
The device has been tested carefully.
Has the device been tested carefully?
The device has not been tested carefully.
Задание 3.1. Заполните пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в Present
Perfect.
1. Jane is in hospital. She _____ in hospital since Monday. (to be)
2. I am learning English. I _____ it for 6 months. (to learn)
3. Bill doesn’t want to see this film. He _____ it already. (to see)
4. Don’t phone Tom. I _____ him already. (to phone)
5. Is Ann at home? No, she _____ away just. (to go)
6. Can I speak to Mr.Brown? Sorry, Mr.Brown _____ yet. (not to come)
Задание 3.2. Замените ‘s на is или has. Объясните свой выбор.
Предложения переведите.
Model: Look! He’s sleeping. Look! He is sleeping.
Look! The rain’s stopped. Look! The rain has stopped.
1. She‘s opening the door. → She ____ opening the door
2. He’s made an interesting report. → He ____ made an interesting report.
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3. The train’s leaving. → The train ____ leaving.
4. It’s rained for three days. → It ____ rained for three days.
5. Where’s Ann going? → Where ____ Ann going?
6. Ann’s gone to work. → Ann ____ gone to work.
7. That’s a very good result→ That ____ a very good result.
Задание 3.3. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям:
1. Ann has got a new job. ___________________
2. They have already seen this film. ___________________
3. She has lived an interesting life. ___________________
4. My father has been in France since April. ___________________
Задание 3.4. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в Past Perfect.
1. My brother ____ English before he went to Canada. (to learn)
2. Alex went to Moscow after he ____from the University. (to graduate)
3. By the time we got to the station, the train _____. (to leave)
4. All the students ____ their exams by the 20-th of July. (to take)
Задание 3.5. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в Future Perfect.
1. Don’t worry. They ____ our work by 7 o’clock. (to finish)
2. By the time we arrive at the station, the train ____. (to leave)
3. When you come, the dinner ____ ready. (to be)
4. They ____ this house by the end of the year. (to build)
Задание 3.6. Раскройте скобки, выбрав глагол в правильном залоге.
1. The police ____ (have arrested, have been arrested) three men.
2. Three men ____ (have arrested, have been arrested) by the police.
3. Only one of his books ____ (has published, has been published).
4. I ____ (have translated, have been translated) the text. Read it, please.
5. The construction ____ (has finished, has been finished) in record time.
6. We ____ (have repaired, have been repaired) the old equipment.
7. His car ____ (has damaged, has been damaged) badly in the accident.
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2B Reading
use – польза
harm – вред
power – сила
help – помощь
care – забота
useful полезный
harmful вредный
powerful ________
_______ полезный
_______ заботливый
useless бесполезный
harmless __________
powerless __________
________ беспомощный
________ __________
1) to fall victim
2) to pollute the air
3) to breathe the air
4) to become a nightmare
5) to schedule appointments
6) to enact a law
7) odd numbers
8) even numbers
a) четные числа
b) нечетные числа
c) вводить закон
d) дышать воздухом
e) загрязнять воздух
f) пасть жертвой
g) превратиться в кошмар
h) назначать/планировать встречи
Задание 1. Изучите таблицу и заполните пропуски, используя первую
строку в качестве подсказки. Обратите внимание на перевод слов,
образованных с помощью суффиксов -ful и -less.
Задание 2. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания с их
русскими эквивалентами.
Задание 3. Прочитайте текст со словарем и укажите, о какой из
проблем большого города идёт в нём речь.
a) car accidents
b) bad roads
c) traffic chaos
d) bad ecology
Today many big cities have fallen victim to the car. Dirt from cars is
polluting the air people breathe and is harmful for their health. Besides
heavy traffic has become a real nightmare for most people living in
capitals. Thus, people in Lagos, the capital of Nigeria, cannot schedule
business appointments on Wednesday, especially if they have to cross one
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of the many bridges into the commercial centre, ‘the Island’. It is not that
1. Heavy traffic is a big problem for people who live in capitals.
2. There are many victims of car accidents in Lagos.
3. Wednesday is a day for business appointments in Lagos.
4. The population of Lagos is 8 million people.
5. The traffic control law has stopped the traffic chaos in Lagos.
Wednesdays are work-free days in Lagos. Just the opposite: midweek is
now the day Lagos roads are the busiest.
In 1977 when the city’s population was about four million, no fewer
than two million people filled the city’s roads in every kind of vehicle:
buses, mini-buses, mini-taxis and, of course, cars which were generally
going at the same time to the same place – ‘the Island’ contributing to the
traffic headache.
So, the government had to take actions. It enacted a traffic control law
which divided the cars in Lagos into two groups. Since that time the cars
with registration numbers starting with odd numbers can use the roads on
Monday, Wednesday and Friday. On Tuesday and Thursday only the even
– numbered cars are permitted.
But very soon the rich Lagosians began to buy second cars. So, they
had a car each for the odd and even number days and could drive into the
city at any time they liked.
By 1980, second cars had become so common that the traffic control
law became useless. Since then the population in Lagos has ballooned to
eight million people and the traffic chaos has gone from bad to worse.
Задание 4. Определите, соответствуют (+) или не соответствуют (-)
данные утверждения содержанию текста.
Задание 5. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What are the problems of big cities?
2. What is a very bad day for business appointments in Lagos?
3. When can odd-numbered cars use the roads of Lagos?
4. What are the ‘even-number’ days in Lagos?
5. What made the traffic control law useless?
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Ответы:
appointments dirt even odd roads traffic
1) enact
2) schedule
3) fall
4) pollute
5) breathe
6) take
a) victim
b) law
c) air
d) actions
e) appointments
f) atmosphere
a) Monday, Wednesday and Friday
b) heavy traffic and air pollution
c) buying second cars
d) Tuesday and Thursday
e) Wednesday
Задание 6. Заполните пропуски в предложениях данными словами.
Предложения переведите.
1. Heavy ____ is a big problem in big cities.
2. People in Lagos don’t plan their business ____on Wednesday.
3. ____ from cars is polluting the air people breathe.
4. ____ numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.
5. ____ numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8.
6. In Lagos even-numbered cars use the ____ on Tuesday and Thursday.
Задание 7. Составьте и переведите на русский язык возможные
словосочетания. Каждое слово можно использовать один раз.
Задание 8. Заполните пропуски словосочетаниями из задания 8.
1. In 1960s the government in China had to ____ the birth control ____.
2. Every year many sea animals ____ ____ to water pollution by oil.
3. The government must ____ effective____ to stop terrorism.
4. Harmful emissions from plants and factories ____ ____ in big cities.
5. To be healthy and live a long life people need to ____ fresh ____.
6. Usually people don’t ____ business ____ for week-ends.
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