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Файл:Английский язык (дистанционное обучение) лингвометодическое обеспечение формирования навыков самостоятельной работы. Учебное пособие
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Формы герундия
Active
Passive
Indefinite
Perfect
instructing
having instructed
being instructed
having been instructed
На русский язык герундий часто переводится отглагольным
существительным или неопределенной формой глагола.
Функции герундия в предложении:
1. Подлежащее.
Reading is a great pleasure. Чтение (читать) – большое
удовольствие.
2. Дополнение.
He likes reading. Он любит читать (чтение).
3. Определение.
There are 5 stages of programming. Существует 5 стадий
программирования.
4. Обстоятельство.
After finishing school he … . После окончания школы он … .
Герундий употребляется:
1) после глаголов, выражающих начало (begin, start),
продолжение (continue, keep on, go on) и конец (stop, finish) действия:
Start working, please.
* Примечание: Инфинитив (глагол с частицей ‘to’) после этих глаголов не
употребляется.
2) после глаголов: like, dislike, hate (ненавидеть), enjoy, excuse,
mind (возражать): I like playing computer games;
3) после глаголов с предлогами: think of, talk about, feel like
(испытывать желание что-либо сделать), insist on (настаивать на):
I think of going to the UK;
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4) после прилагательных с предлогами: afraid of (бояться чего-
либо), fond of (увлекаться чем-либо), sorry for (извиняться):
I’m fond of travelling;
5) после существительных с предлогами: idea of, way of (способ),
plan for, hope for (надежда на), reason for (причина чего-либо): This is
a series reason for stopping the experiments;
6) после предлогов: on (по, после), after (после), before (перед),
at (при), by (путём, при помощи, посредством), without (без),
instead of (вместо) и др.: I never eat before going to bed.
Задание 3.1. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужный предлог:
after, before, by, for, of, on, without
1. He studied English for 3 years ____ going to Great Britain.
2. ____ finishing school he went to the University.
3. He left the room ____ saying ‘Good-bye’.
4. They increased oil production ____ using a new technology.
5. There are two ways ____ solving this problem.
6. Sorry ____ my being late.
7. He insists ____ starting the experiment on Monday.
Задание 3.2. Заполните пропуски, выбрав нужную форму.
1. I like ____ (to go/going) in for sports.
2. It’s started (to rain/raining).
3. I want ____ (to learn/learning) English.
4. I asked him how ____ (to get/getting) to the airport.
5. You must stop ____ (to smoke/smoking).
6. I don’t know what ____ (to do/doing).
7. I enjoy (to walk/walking) in the park.
4. Условные предложения.
В английском языке – три типа условных предложений:
1. Условное предложение I типа употребляется для описания
реального или вероятного условия в настоящем или будущем
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времени. В условных предложениях I типа глагол главного
предложения стоит в форме Future Indefinite, а глагол условного
придаточного предложения – в форме Present Indefinite.
If he is busy, I will help him. Если он (будет) занят, я помогу ему.
В условных предложениях вместо will можно использовать
модальный глагол might.
If he is busy, I might help him. Если он (будет) занят, я, возможно,
помогу ему.
Задание 4.1. Данные условные предложения относятся к I типу.
Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола в скобках:
1. If I ___ (to have) money, I ___ (to buy) a new mobile.
2. If the weather ____ (to be) nice, they ____ (to go) for a walk.
3. You ____ (to feel) better tomorrow if you ____ (to go) to bed early.
4. They (to go) by tram if there (to be) a traffic jam.
5. If Ann ____ (to be) late, they ____ (not to wait) for her.
2. Условное предложение II типа выражает предположение,
сомнение или желание, относящееся к настоящему или будущему
времени, и соответствует русскому условному предложению с глаголом в сослагательном наклонении.
В условных предложениях II типа глагол главного предложения
стоит в форме should (would) + Infinitive (без частицы to), а глагол
условного придаточного предложения – в форме, совпадающей с Past
Indefinite.
If you invited him, he would come. Если бы вы пригласили его
(сегодня, завтра), он бы пришел.
Условное предложение II типа может выражать совет. Такое
предложение начинается со слов: If I were you или If I was you
(На вашем месте, я бы …).
If I were you, I would phone your manager. (официальный стиль)
If I was you, I would phone your manager. (неофициальный стиль)
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Задание 4.2. Данные условные предложения относятся ко II типу.
Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола в скобках.
1. If I ____ (to be) you, I ___ (to buy) a new car.
2. If the weather ____ (to be) nice, they ____ (to go) for a walk.
3. You ____ (to feel) better if you ____ (not smoke).
4. We (to take) a taxi if you (to give) us money.
5. If you ____ (to wait) a minute, we ____ (go) shopping together.
3. Условное предложение III типа всегда относится к про-
шедшему времени и выражает условие, которое не было осуществлено. В условных предложениях III типа глагол главного предложения стоит в форме should (would) + Perfect Infinitive (без частицы
to), а глагол условного придаточного предложения – в форме,
совпадающей с Past Perfect.
If you had invited him, he would have come.
Если бы вы пригласили его (вчера), он бы пришел.
В условных предложениях II и III типа вместо should/would могут
использоваться could и might.
Условные придаточные предложения вводят союзы: if, in case
(в случае), provided (при условии, что), unless (если… не).
Задание 4.3. Данные условные предложения относятся к III типу.
Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола в скобках.
1. If I ____ (to know), I ____ (to visit) him in hospital.
2. If the weather ____ (to be) sunny, they ____ (to go) to the beach.
3. You ____ (to feel) better if you ____ (to go) to bed earlier yesterday.
4. We (to take) a taxi if we (to have) us money.
5. If you ____ (to come) 5 minutes earlier, we ____ (not to be) late.
Задание 4.4. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола в скобках.
1. If you ask him, he ____ you. (to help)
2. If it ____ (to rain), we’ll stay at home. (to be)
3. If I ____ to London, I would visit the British museum first of all. (to go)
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4. If I were you I ____ a doctor. (to consult)
4B Reading
able
available
portable
flexible
readable
способный
___________
портативный
гибкий
___________
ability
availability
portability
flexibility
readability
способность
доступность
___________
___________
читабельность
1) literacy
2) skill
3) digital book
4) E-ink
5) disadvantage
6) leaf through
7) surface
8) demand
9) save
10) cut
a) спасать, беречь, экономить
b) переворачивать страницы
c) умение, навык
d) спрос
e) недостаток
f) электронные чернила
g) грамотность
h) поверхность
i) резать, сокращать
j) электронная (цифровая) книга
5. If he ____ your e-mail, he would have come at once. (to get)
6. If we had taken a taxi, we ____ on time. (to come)
Задание 1. Заполните пропуски, используя первую строку в качестве
подсказки. Обратите внимание на русский перевод.
Задание 2. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания (1–9) с их
русскими эквивалентами (a–j).
Задание 3. Прочитайте текст со словарем и соотнесите заголовки
(A–B) с выделенными в нем абзацами (1–4).
A. Ink on paper: advantages and disadvantages
B. Electronic revolution in books reading
C. The advantages of new technology
D. The great invention of the past
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(1) The Chinese invention of paper in 105 A.D. forever changed the
1. The invention of paper made literacy available to most people.
2. Today ink on paper is the only way to display words and images.
3. Ink on paper has both advantages and disadvantages.
4. Traditional computer displays need less power than E-ink.
5. E-ink is a nature safe technology.
way the world communicates. If it hadn’t been for this invention, books
would have been still printed on silk rolls, making literacy an expensive
skill.
(2) For nearly 2,000 years, ink on paper was the only way to display
words and images. And it still beats computer displays when it comes to
portability, price and energy needs. Yet it has some disadvantages. Once
printed on paper, words cannot be changed without leaving marks, and it is
also difficult to carry around a large number of books.
(3) Today scientists are developing a technology called electronic Ink
that could replace paper. It aims at creating a digital book that readers
could leaf through as if it were made of regular paper. Such a book could
be programmed to have up to 10 books stored on the device. Just as E-ink
could radically change the way we read books, it could change the way we
receive our daily newspapers. Simply pressing a button on the computer
will update thousands of electronic newspapers each morning.
(4) E-ink has several advantages over current display technology, the
main ones being low power usage, flexibility and readability. E-ink uses
50 to 100 times less power than liquid crystal displays because it only
needs power when changing the display. E-ink can also be printed on any
surface, including walls, product labels and T-shirts. Another E-ink
advantage over traditional computer displays is its readability. It looks
more like a printed text, so it’s much easier on the eyes. And finally,
provided E-ink were invented, it could save trees by cutting the demand
for paper.
Задание 4. Определите, соответствуют (+) или не соответствуют (-)
данные утверждения содержанию текста.
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Задание 5. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
available digital readability power
flexibility advantages demand safe
to develop
to consume
to press
to cut
to update
information
technology
power
button
demand
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What did people use for printing books before the Chinese invention?
2. What skill became available to people with the invention of paper?
3. What do people use today to display words and images?
4. What are the advantages of ink on paper over computer displays?
5. What advantages does E-ink have over computer displays?
Ответы:
a) low price, portability, no need for energy
b) silk rolls
c) energy-efficiency, readability and flexibility
d) literacy
e) ink on paper, traditional computer displays, liquid crystal displays
Задание 6. Заполните пропуски данными ниже словами и словосочетаниями.
1. Ink on paper has several _____ over computers displays.
2. Today there is so much information _____ in the Internet.
3. Energy ____ devices consume much less _____.
4. _____ TV has become a common thing in our houses.
5. Good _____ of E-Ink makes reading easy for the eyes.
6. The fact that E-Ink can be printed onto any surface proves its _____.
7. The _____ for energy is constantly growing.
Задание 7. Составьте и переведите на русский язык словосочетания.
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Задание 8. Заполните пропуски словосочетаниями из задания 8.
4C Reading and Speaking
provide
full-time teaching
part-time teaching
term
subject
research work
academic building
facilities
anniversary
предоставлять, обеспечивать
очное обучение
заочное обучение
семестр
предмет
научно-исследовательская работа
учебный корпус
возможности
годовщина
1. The wider use of solar energy will ___the___ for oil and gas.
2. If you want the device stop working, ___ the red ___.
3. With computer you can regularly ___ ___ that you need for work.
4. Scientists and engineers work hard to ___ new ___ of oil production.
5. Energy-efficient devices ___ less ___.
Words and phrases:
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски c помощью слов и
словосочетаний из ‘Words and phrases’.
State Technical University is one of the oldest in Samara. It was
founded in 1914. At first the University was called Industrial (later
Polytechnical) Institute. There were only 3 departments in it: Mechanical,
Chemical, and Electrical Engineering.
Now the University is one of the largest in the Volga region. It
provides _____, _____, and distant teaching for students from different
parts of Russia. There are 11 departments in it now.
More than 10 000 students study at the University. The academic year
is divided into two terms. At the end of each _____ students take exams.
The University has a five-year course of study. The first- and the secondyear students study Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, English, Computer
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Science and other subjects. In their third year students begin to study
special subjects. They can do _____ in labs which are equipped with
modern instruments. There is also a good library at the University which
has books both in Russian and in foreign languages.
The University has 10 academic buildings, a health center and good
facilities for sports.
In 2014 the University will celebrate its hundredth _____.
Задание 2. Дополните высказывания (1–4) аргументами (a–g).
1. State Technical University is one of the oldest in Samara.
2. Now the University is one of the largest in the Volga region.
3. The University provides different forms of teaching.
4. The students of the University have good facilities for study and
research.
a) There is also a good library at the University.
b) It was founded in 1914.
c) More than 10 000 students study at the University.
d) In 2014 the University will celebrate its hundredth anniversary.
e) There are 11 departments in it now.
f) It provides full-time, part-time, and distant teaching.
g) They can do research work in labs which are equipped with modern
instruments.
Задание 3. Расскажите о Самарском государственном техническом
университете с опорой на данные вопросы.
1. What university do you study at?
2. When was the university founded?
3. How many departments were there at the university at first?
4. How many departments are there at the university now?
5. How many students study at the university?
6. What forms of teaching does the university provide?
7. Are you a full-time student?
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8. What department do you study at?
4D Technical Texts Reading
1) oil prospecting
2) oil recovery
3) oil refining
4) workover
5) in charge of
6) drilling crew
7) drilling rig
8) pulling rig
9) pumping station
10) spud in a well
11) switcher
12) gauger
13) mudlogger
a) буровая бригада
b) забуривать скважину
c) капитальный ремонт скважины
d) буровая установка
e) нефтепереработка
f) добыча нефти
g) разведка нефти
h) насосная станция
i) ответственный за
j) станок для ремонта скважины
k) специалист по раствору
l) замерщик (нефти)
m) оператор (на нефтепромысле)
9. What is the university course of study for students of distant teaching?
10. What year are you in now?
11. What subjects do you study now?
12. Is it interesting for you to study at the university?
Текст А
(для студентов нефтетехнологического факультета)
Задание 1. Соотнесите английские слова и словосочетания (1–13)
с их русскими эквивалентами (a–m).
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст со словарем и найдите абзац, в котором
говорится о людях, чья профессия связана с бурением скважины.
CAREERS IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
(1) The petroleum industry employs millions of people who do
different kinds of jobs.
(2) Geologists, geophysicists and paleontologists are known to play an
important part in oil prospecting. When the exploration is completed and
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