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Файл:Английский язык (дистанционное обучение) лингвометодическое обеспечение формирования навыков самостоятельной работы. Учебное пособие
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Задание 6. Расскажите о себе с опорой на данные вопросы.
1. What’s your name?
2. How old are you?
3. Where and when were you born?
4. Are you married or single?
5. What are you? (What do you do?)
6. Is your family big or small?
7. Who are the members of your family? What do they do?
8. What do you like doing in your leisure time?
Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и задайте вопросы, выбрав одно из
вопросительных слов: What, Where, How, How many, How much.
Alex works on a drill rig. He gets to work by car. It usually takes him
40 minutes to get there. He works hard for 12 hours a day from 8 a.m. till
8 p.m. At work he cleans, inspects and repairs rig equipment.
1. _______ does Alex work?
2. _______ does he get to work?
3. _______ time does it take him to get there?
4. _______ hours a day does he work?
5. _______ does he do at work?
Задание 8. Расспросите Майка о работе с опорой на его ответы.
Значение выделенных слов проверьте в словаре.
You: _________________?
Mike: I work at a drill site.
You: _________________?
Mike: Well, I repair all electrical devices and machines at the site.
You: _________________?
Mike: I get to work by bus.
You: _________________?
Mike: Usually it takes me an hour to get there.
You: _________________?
Mike: My work begins at 8
You: _________________?
Mike: My working day is over at 4 p.m.
You: _________________?
Mike: Oh, yes. I like my job very much.
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Задание 9. Прочитайте текст и скажите, кто Джейн по профессии:
а) businesswoman b) secretary c) housewife d) shop assistant
I am Jane. My every day activities are quite the same. In the morning
I get up, wash and get dressed. Then I have breakfast and leave for work.
I work in a small transport firm. It is not far from home. Usually I get
to work by car. It takes me 20 minutes to get there.
My working day begins at 8 a.m. In the office I type letters, look
through e-mail correspondence, answer the telephone, and help my boss
to plan his business activities. At 5 p.m. my working day is over.
After work I go home. On my way home I do some shopping.
In the evening I have dinner, watch TV or log in the Internet.
As a rule I have no much free time on weekdays. So, by the end of the
week I get very tired. At week-ends I usually stay at home and do some
work about the house. Sometimes I go to see my friends.
Задание 10. Спросите Джейн по-английски:
а) что она делает утром; б) где она работает, в) как добирается до
работы; г) сколько времени уходит на дорогу; д) когда начинается её
рабочий день; е) что делает на работе; ж) чем занимается вечером;
и) что делает в выходные.
Задание 11. Расскажите, как проходит ваш день, с опорой на
вопросы:
1. When do you usually get up?
2. What do you do in the morning?
3. When do you leave for work?
4. Where do you work?
5. How do you usually get to work?
6. How long does it take you to get to work?
7. What do you do at work?
8. What do you do at home after work?
9. How do you spend your week-end?
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1D Technical Texts Reading
1) crude oil
2) complex mixture
3) hydrocarbons
4) well (hole, borehole)
5) derrick
6) drill
7) rock
8) pressure
9) rig
10) internal combustion engine
11) boiler
12) furnace
13) lubricants
14) solvents
a) порода
b) скважина
c) сырая нефть
d) бурить
e) двигатель внутреннего сгорания
f) смазочные материалы
g) растворители
h) котел
i) печь
j) буровая установка
k) углеводороды
l) сложная смесь
m) вышка (нефтяная)
n) давление
Текст A
(для студентов нефтетехнологического факультета)
Задание 1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты
английских слов и словосочетаний.
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и выберите абзац, где говорится о том,
как добывается нефть.
(1) Petroleum or crude oil is a thick, yellow-to-black liquid which is
found naturally in the earth. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with
or without other nonmetallic elements such as sulfur, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
(2) Crude oil comes from wells or boreholes. Boreholes are often very
deep. The steel construction over the well is the derrick. From the derrick
the machinery drills holes through rock, earth and sand. When a hole is
drilled oil usually flows freely but then men control its natural flow. The
PETROLEUM
34
natural flow of oil is the result of the pressure between the petroleum and
the roof of the rock above it.
(3) Today the petroleum industry is a highly mechanized and reliable
sector of economy. It has highly productive rigs that can drill down to oil
and gas deposits at depth of more than 6 km.
(4) Nowadays more than 2,000 products are made from oil: fuel
(kerosene, petrol) for air-craft and internal combustion engines; heat fuel
for boilers and furnaces; lubricants, bitumen for the manufacture of
asphalt, lacquers, solvents, and so on. Oil by-products are used in making
plastics and synthetic substances.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What is petroleum?
2. What chemical substances are present in crude oil?
3. What do people do to extract oil?
4. What products are made from oil?
Ответы:
a) drill holes through rock, earth, and sand
b) fuel, lubricants, bitumen, lacquers, solvents, plastics and so on
c) a thick, yellow-to-black liquid
d) hydrocarbons, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen
e) control the natural flow of oil from wells
Задание 4. Завершите предложение, выбрав правильный вариант.
1. Petroleum is a mixture of ….
a) sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen;
b) nonmetallic elements;
c) hydrocarbons with sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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2. Petroleum comes from …
1) battery cell
2) voltaic cell
3) dry cell
4) wet cell
5) dilute acid
6) acid solution
7) in series
8) glass container
9) insulator
10) emf
11) etc.
a) разбавленная кислота
b) элемент с жидким электролитом
c) раствор кислоты
d) последовательно
e) элемент с сухим электролитом
f) стеклянный сосуд
g) гальванический элемент
h) батарейка
i) и т.д.
j) изоляционный материал, изолятор
k) ЭДС (электродвижущая сила)
a) wells;
b) furnaces;
c) boilers.
3. The machinery for drilling wells is called …
a) a derrick;
b) a rig;
c) an internal combustion engine.
4. The internal combustion engine works on …
a) petroleum;
b) kerosene;
c) petrol.
(для студентов электротехнического факультета)
Задание 1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английс-
ких слов и словосочетаний.
Текст B
36
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите абзац, в котором говорится об
устройстве батарейки.
BATTERIES
(1) The history of batteries as source of energy started more than one
hundred years ago.
(2) Modern battery cells are manufactured in two common forms: dry
cells which are used in flashlights, portable radios, etc. and wet cells which
are used in automobiles, airplanes, boats, etc.
(3) The voltaic cell is composed of three parts, two metal plates (one
copper and the other zinc) called electrodes, a dilute acid solution called
the electrolyte and a non-conducting container called the cell. If the two
plates in a glass container filled with sulfuric acid are connected by
a copper wire, electricity will flow through it from the copper plate to the
zinc plate.
(4) The electrode from which electricity flows is termed the positive
electrode and the receiving electrode is termed the negative electrode.
Thus for the voltaic cell the copper plate is the positive electrode and the
zinc plate is the negative electrode. A copper wire will convey electricity
and is called an electrical conductor. Copper, aluminum and silver are
outstandingly good conductors. Such materials as glass, wood, rubber and
some plastics do not conduct electricity and are called insulators.
(5) If two or more cells are connected in series, they form what is
called a battery. The purpose in connecting two or more cells in series is to
obtain a higher emf than that available with one cell alone.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What is a battery?
2. What are two common forms of battery cells?
3. What materials are good conductors of electric current?
4. What are the examples of insulators?
37
Ответы:
1) potential customer
2) particular product
3) consumer market
4) industrial market
5) industrial items
6) office supplies
7) drill presses
a) потребительский рынок
b) канцелярские принадлежности
c) промышленный рынок
d) потенциальный покупатель
e) промышленные изделия
f) конкретный товар
g) сверлильные станки
a) glass, plastics, rubber, wood
b) electrolyte and two electrodes
c) aluminum, copper, silver
d) dry and wet
e) source of energy
Задание 4. Завершите предложение, выбрав правильный вариант.
1. A battery is composed of … .
a) electrodes, electrolyte and a cell;
b) two or more cells connected in series;
c) dry and wet cells.
2. Electrodes are usually a pair of … .
a) dry cells;
b) metal plates;
c) insulators.
3. A container for the voltaic cell is made of glass because it is … .
a) a good conductor of electricity;
b) a bad conductor of electricity;
c) a good insulator.
4. A copper wire in the voltaic cell is … .
a) electric insulator;
b) electric conductor;
c) a source of electricity.
Текст C
(для студентов инженерно-экономического факультета)
Задание 1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты
английских слов и словосочетаний.
38
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите абзац, где говорится о том,
чем промышленные товары отличаются от потребительских товаров.
TYPES OF MARKET
(1) A market is a group of potential customers with the authority and
the money to purchase a particular product or service that satisfies their
collective demand.
(2) Markets are divided into two major types – consumer and
industrial. Markets are categorized by who buys the products and for what
purpose the purchase is intended. The consumer market consists of
individuals who buy products for their personal use. The products targeted
for this market are known as consumer products. The industrial market
consists of business government agencies and their institutions that buy
products to use either in operations or in making other products. These
purchases which amount to billions of dollars each year, directly or
indirectly support the production of consumer goods and other industrial
items. Examples of industrial goods are iron ore, drill presses, packaging
machinery and most computers.
(3) While such products as iron ore are clearly industrial, other
products can fall into the category of industrial goods or consumer goods
depending on the buyer’s intent. Typing paper, for example, is considered
to be industrial goods, when purchased by a business for its
correspondence and customer goods when bought by a college student to
write a term paper. Fertilizers, trucks and vegetables also fall into both
categories depending on how the buyer plans to use them.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы (1–4), выбрав правильный вариант
(a–e). Один вариант ответа лишний.
Вопросы:
1. What is a market?
2. What kind of products does the industrial market involve?
3. What goods belong to the consumer market?
4. What products can fall into both categories of market?
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Ответы:
a) fertilizers, vegetables, clothes, food products
b) individuals or organizations with the authority and the money to buy
a product or service
c) a TV-set, a car, a pen, a hat
d) aluminum, iron ore, natural gas
e) people who buy products for personal use
Задание 4. Завершите предложение, выбрав правильный вариант.
1. Individuals and business agencies who buy products are called … .
a) marketers;
b) customers;
c) authorities.
2. Consumer products are products which people buy … .
a) to use in other operations;
b) to use in making other industrial goods;
c) for their personal use.
3. Whether the products are consumer or industrial goods depends on … .
a) how the buyer’s plan to use them;
b) the individuals who buy these products;
c) the market demand.
4. Depending on the buyer’s plans typing paper can fall into … .
a) the category of industrial goods;
b) the category of consumer goods;
c) both industrial and consumer categories.
40
UNIT 2
2A Grammar
1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение
говорящего к действию, действие же выражается инфинитивом,
который употребляется после модальных глаголов без частицы ‘to’.
Модальный глагол MUST выражает необходимость или
обязательность выполнения действия:
You must do this work. Вы должны сделать эту работу.
Must не имеет форм прошедшего и будущего времени. Для их
выражения используются эквиваленты ‘have to’ и ‘be to’.
Эквивалент be to используется для передачи необходимости
вследствие договоренности, плана или расписания.
The lesson must begin at 9 a.m.
The lesson is to begin at 9 a.m. Урок должен начаться в 9.00
The lesson was to begin at 9 p.m. Урок должен был начаться …
The lesson is to begin at 9 a.m. Урок должен будет начаться …
Эквивалент have to используется для передачи необходимости
вследствие обстоятельств и переводится: приходится, вынужден.
I must do it = I have to do it. Мне приходится делать это.
I had to do it. Мне пришлось сделать это.
I will have to do it. Мне придётся сделать это.
Модальный глагол CAN выражает возможность, умение. Имеет
форму прошедшего времени could и эквивалент ‘be able to’.
I can do it myself = I am able to do it myself. Я могу сделать это сам.
I was able to do it myself. Я мог сделать это сам.
I will be able to do it myself. Я смогу сделать это сам.
Модальный глагол MAY выражает возможность, разрешение,
предположение. Имеет форму прошедшего времени might и эквиваленты ‘be allowed to’ и ‘be permitted to’.
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