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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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9.4.3 Analysing the vocabulary list make some suggestions what the video is
about.
9.4.4 Watch the video “What is Horticulture?”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOxYbc9cX8Y&t=2s) and be ready to
complete the tasks.
9.4.5 Answer the following questions.
1. What roots does the word “horticulture” derive from? What do they mean?
2. What definition to the term “horticulture” was given in the video?
3. Does horticulture include animal husbandry?
4. What purposes of plant production were mentioned in the video?
5. What areas of horticulture were mentioned in the video?
9.4.6 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the video, in what
context were they used?
1. precise
a. conservation
2. additional
b. needs
3. plant (2)
c. uses
4. food and non-food
d. services
5. social
e. growth
f. definition
9.4.7 Complete the retelling in written form as close to the text as possible.
9.4.8 Choose one of world-famous parks or gardens and prepare a report about
its ornamental plants in the landscape.
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10 Unit 10 Passive Solar Building
Text
Passive Solar Overview
A passive solar building is designed and built based on utilizing the constants
within the surrounding environment, centered around the movement of the sun.
Passive solar buildings will be warm in the cold winters and cool in the
summer if planned and built according to a few passive solar building rules. Passive
solar design works with the sun’s heat energy to both to warm the building and is
designed and situated to block the sun in the warmer summer months to keep the
building cool.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. If a structure has windows on
the southern facing side of the building, it can potentially receive the sun’s warmth
(heat energy) all day.
In order for passive solar design to function, most of the building’s windows
must be located on the southern facing side of the building.
In the summer, the sun travels higher path in the sky than it does in the winter.
Thus, if the proper roof or window overhang is constructed, the house can receive
the full winter sun, while the house is shaded by the overhang during the summer.
When a passive solar building is designed and build well, the building simply,
passively sits there and will be warm in the winter when it is cold outside, and will
be cool in the summer when it is hot outside.
Passive solar design generally works with the following principles:
1. The sun travels different routes in different seasons. The winter sun travels
a lower route in the sky than the summer sun.
2. If glass windows are located facing the south, in the winter, they allow the
sun’s energy to be absorbed and stored within the building.
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3. If the thermal mass is located (usually in the floor and walls) where it can
absorb the sun’s energy, it will absorb, then slowly release or distribute the stored
heat energy through the evening and night.
4. If the proper control, or overhang is constructed over the windows, the
summer sun can be blocked from entering the building. The lack of direct sun allows
the structure to stay a cooler temperature.
5. If the building is properly insulated, it will retain its warmth in the winter,
as well as its coolness in the summer.
Passive solar design utilizes energy from the sun, using its predictable
movements through the seasons to heat and cool a building without any additional
mechanical devices (hence the name – passive solar). It can be thought of as the
aikido of architecture.
10.1 Vocabulary exercises
10.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
A passive solar building, a constant, an overhang, to shade, to release, to distribute,
to insulate, to retain, coolness, to utilize, hence, aikido.
10.1.2 Fill in the gaps using vocabulary list of the previous exercise. Translate
the sentences into Russian.
1. At night the top meter of surface water loses heat to the cold desert air but … the
lower layer.
2. I also think of Daddy's car, which is parked around back, under the shed ….
3. If you don't know how to get the user's name, you can define a name as a … .
4. Inside, there is a slight … and even in the hottest weather there it is pleasant to be.
5. Often heat pipes are used to help … heat.
6. The heat of fusion is used to … the thermal energy.
7. There is a beautiful … lane that runs down there from the house.
8. These dwellings remain cool in summer and … warmth in winter.
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10.1.3 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the text, find
sentences in which they were used.
1. solar
a. winter
2. surrounding
b. energy
3. cold
c. device
4. facing
d. environment
5. heat
e. side
6. different
f. movement
7. predictable
g. route
8. mechanical
h. building
10.1.4 Make your own sentences with the words from exercise 10.1.3.
10.1.5 Do the word-building task.
Verb
Noun
Adjective
absorb
face
additional
release
sun
predictable
distribute
10.1.6 Give a word or a phrase from the text to each definition.
1. a thing or value that always stays the same;
2. all the circumstances, people, things, and events around them that influence their
life;
3. the ball of fire in the sky that the Earth goes round, and that gives us heat and
light;
4. making use of incident sunlight as an energy source;
5. something that consists of parts connected together in an ordered way;
6. the part of something that sticks out over and above something else;
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7. general laws which explain how something happens or works;
8. the main periods into which a year can be divided and which each have their own
typical weather conditions;
9. to take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical
action;
10. a measure of how hot or cold it is.
10.1.7 Translate the following sentences using the vocabulary of the text.
1. При пассивном солнечном проектировании зданий окна, стены и полы
предназначены для сбора, хранения, отражения и распределения солнечной
энергии в виде тепла зимой и отвода солнечного тепла летом.
2. Еще одним постоянным элементом в дизайне является масштабность,
которое пришло из архитектуры и является важной характеристикой предмета.
3. Современный архитектурный дизайн отображает морские волны и цвета
окружающей среды.
4. Солнцезащитное стекло частично отражает обратно световую и тепловую
энергию солнца, уберегая помещение от слишком яркого солнечного света.
5. Они могут быть любого стиля, дизайна или цвета, но они сделаны
специально для холодных зимних месяцев и для людей, которые хотят
оставаться в тепле, но при этом выглядеть привлекательно.
6. На фасадной стороне поверхности изделия образуется защитный слой.
7. Хорошо спроектированный навес может быть всем, что необходимо для
затенения остекления летом.
8. Существует также обеденный стол на открытом воздухе под затененной
лоджией.
9. Они оба идут в центр, но следуют по разным маршрутам.
10. Вы всегда должны быть уверены в том, что трубы хорошо изолированы.
11. Очарование этому месту добавляют небольшие деревни, национальная
кухня и относительная прохлада.
12. В ландшафтном оформлении используются только местные виды
растений.
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13. Предсказуемое движение звёзд и планет делает астрономические
наблюдения бесценным.
14. Сегодня мы имеем сложную жизнь, полную механических устройств для
комфортного проживания.
10.2 Grammar exercises
10.2.1 Find in the text all irregular verbs, give their three forms.
10.2.2 Open the brackets using the verbs in proper tense, state the type of
conditional sentence.
1. If you (build) your home, passive homes (save) your money in future.
2. If you (have) passive solar building, the windows, walls, and floors in it (be/ make)
to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy.
3. If you (study) the scientific basis for passive solar building design, you (learn)
climatology and thermodynamics.
4. If scientific design and engineering (be/ apply) comprehensively to new building
construction beginning in 1980, The United States (save) over $250,000,000 per
year on expensive energy and related pollution today.
5. If you (install) a filtered energy recovery ventilation system it (eliminate)
undesirable humidity, dust, in unfiltered ventilation air.
6. If the indoor space (act) as a solar collector, heat absorber, and distribution system,
it (be) a direct-gain passive solar system.
7. If the thermal mass (be/ locate) directly behind the south-facing glass and in front
of the heated indoor space and so there is no direct heating, it (be) an indirect-gain
passive solar system.
8. If there (be) mild climate, you (buy) single glass for reducing heat loss.
9. If vents (be/ leave) open at night, a reversal of convective airflow (occur), wasting
heat by dissipating it outdoors.
10. When light (reach) floors and walls, they (absorb, store) the solar heat.
11. Collected solar heat (drain away) rapidly if the thermal mass (be) not insulated.
10.2.3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
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1. Passive solar building design is a strategy by which a building’s windows, walls
and floors (design) to collect, store and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in
the winter, and vent solar heat in the summer.
2. Passive solar techniques (apply) most easily to new construction.
3. Water-filled containers (install) by builders to absorb and store solar heat.
4. The thermal mass (insulate) from its colder exterior.
5. To prevent unwanted solar gain during the summer, overhangs (integrate) into the
system.
10.2.4 Transform the sentences from the previous exercise into active voice.
10.2.5 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. If you cannot use
“can/can’t”, use “be able to” in the correct tense or form.
Help meet play relax run sing
speak wait
1. I’m sorry, I … French.
2. She … him for lunch tomorrow. She’s free all day.
3. Jane … for months. Her new job is very stressful.
4. Ed Whitlock … really fast. He’s the Olympic champion.
5. Dan might … his sister with her homework if she’s having problems.
6. She used to … well, but now she sounds awful.
7. She … any more. Tell her the big news.
8. Lise … the piano since she broke her arm three months ago.
10.2.6 Complete the sentences below using “could/couldn’t” or “was/were
able to” + the verbs in brackets.
1. My friend (speak) English and Italian.
2. He looked everywhere, but he (find) the right street.
3. (her mother/convince) him to go out with her?
4. Erik used to be a professional dancer, he (dance) really well.
5. They (contact) him. Was his phone switched off?
6. As a result of the long meeting, they (make) a decision.
7. (you/hear) her in the evening? She was trying to be quiet.
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8. His iphone wasn’t working properly, but in the end he (fix) it.
10.2.7 Compose several sentences about yourself describing each of the
following situations.
1. you have always wanted to be able to do (e.g. “I have always wanted to be able to
sing like a professional singer.”);
2. you have never been able to do;
3. you will be able to do well in the future;
4. you didn’t manage to do last week;
5. you could do well in the past.
10.2.8 Compose sentences using proper modal verbs (can/can’t”, be able to).
Pay attention to the pictures, they will help to understand the situation correctly.
1. (do exercise)
2. (play tennis/ tomorrow)
3. (a surgeon / make mistakes)
4. (go / invite).
5. (he / speak Spanish).
6. (a woman / eat /finish her work).
7. (I / do it).
8. (a girl / swim).
9. (the caldron / break).
10. (be busy / help).
11. (go camping).
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12. (start a car).
10.3 Reading comprehension
10.3.1 Read the sentences and write T (true), F (false), NS (Not stated).
1. The design of passive solar buildings is based on the principle of usage the
environmental constants depending on the sun rotation.
2. Passive solar building rules make it possible to reserve heat in winters.
3. Passive solar design uses the fire heat energy.
4. The share of the home’s heating load that the passive solar design can meet is
called the passive solar fraction.
5. The sun sets in the east.
6. The windows can get heat energy during the daytime if they are on the eastern
facing side of the building.
7. An overhang is a tool to regulate the temperature in a building.
10.3.2 Think a bit and make a list of advantages and disadvantages of passive
solar design.
10.3.3 Write the summary of the text using the following phrases.
The text is named …
The text consists of three parts …
The author draws our attention to the fact that …
The text mainly deals with / covers / describes …
At the beginning of the text article the author writes / mentions / focuses on
/describes / states / defines / stresses / enumerates …
The author provides / gives the information on …
The author provides / gives the example of …
The author gives a detailed analysis of …
In the first paragraph / part …
In the second paragraph / part …
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In the third paragraph / part …
Afterwards (formal) / Then / Next …
In addition …
To conclude / In the conclusion / To sum up (informal) …
At the end of the text / article …
10.3.4 Work in pairs. Make a report about some famous passive solar building.
Find information if the project is successful.
10.4 Listening
10.4.1 Pre-listening task: translate the following words and phrases.
Solar chimney, vertical shaft, enhance, indoor environment, vacant space, natural
ventilation, to be forced back, to get heated, to combine with
10.4.2 Fill in the gaps using vocabulary list of the previous exercise. Translate
the sentences into Russian.
1. It contains tubes that carry water which … due to these rays.
2. Nine ships were … for repairs.
3. Pena of the sea waves … the transparency of watercolor and the background
serves as an art canvas.
4. The anticipated game at chess … of the invitation.
5. The building 's natural ventilation was improved by use of a … .
6. The company sells products and services marketed around healthy living and a
healthy ….
7. The excavated material is usually transported by means of leather bags up the ….
8. The stables are brick built with high roofs for… .
10.4.3 Watch the video “Solar chimney”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEQjSaXtt9U) and be ready to complete the
tasks.
10.4.4 Answer the following questions.
1. What tool is used for natural stack ventilation?
2. What physical law is used for natural ventilation?
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