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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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5. What projects of the architect preceded Michael Schumacher World Champion
Tower?
6. What were the architects inspired by projecting the Tower?
7. What were the needs of the project?
8. What does the Tower feature?
9. What materials are used for the Tower construction?
12.3.2 Find information, represented in the text, which is connected with the
following people.
Alexander Rieck, Chris Bosse, Joachim Swensson, Michael Schumacher, Tobias
Wallisser.
12.3.3 Complete the following sentences.
1. Michael Schumacher World Champion Tower was unveiled …
2. The founder of branding specialists PNYG: COMPANY, Joachim Swensson, …
3. The tower designers represent …
4. The project of the Tower brings together …
5. Inspired by the geometrical order of a snowflake …
6. The minimal surface organisational principle allowed …
7. The lower levels of the Tower …
8. The Michael Schumacher World Champion Tower features …
12.3.4 Make a list of features characterizing Michael Schumacher World
Champion Tower. Which of them are negative from your point of view?
12.3.5 Prepare an expository essay “Michael Schumacher World Champion
Tower as a model of modern artificial wonder of the world”.
Explain or define the topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. Because expository
essays are based on facts and not personal feelings, writers don’t reveal their
emotions or write in the first person.
12.3.6 Watch the video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8dJCGbVUtQ)
and prepare the verbal presentation of the video representing Michael Schumacher
World Champion Tower.
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13 Unit 13 Skyscraper Farms
Text
Skyscraper Farms?
Imagine a 58-story skyscraper in the middle of downtown Vancouver or
Toronto, growing enough grains, fruits, vegetables and poultry to feed 35,000 people
annually, while producing net energy from renewable sources and treating
wastewater. According to a researcher at Columbia University, such a structure
could be a key component for building sustainable cities and reducing greenhouse
gas emissions in the future. Dr. Dickson Despommier, a professor of environmental
sciences and microbiology, believes that to cope with the growing world population,
new food production techniques must be implemented. The world’s population may
increase by 3 billion people by 2050 for a total of 9.2 billion, necessitating a
corresponding increase in food supply.
A projected shortage in arable land; environmental degradation caused by
chemical fertilizers; deforestation and desertification; biodiversity loss and other
pressures brought by large scale industrial farming point to a system that is in need
of change, he argues.
The solution is ‘vertical farming’. The Vertical Farm Project was established
in 2001, and is managed at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia
University in New York City. The research is ongoing, and has so far produced a
detailed model of what an urban skyscraper farm would look like, with analysis
showing positive economic and environmental results.
The group has determined that a single vertical farm, in the form of a 30 story
building covering one square block, could provide enough food for 50,000 people
per year using mostly existing technologies. The glass-walled building would host
many levels of crops on each floor, from hanging tomatoes to standing grains to
stacks of strawberries. Chickens could be raised for meat and eggs, as well as certain
species of fish, though other livestock do not fit the model.
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Temperature, light, plant feed and water would be controlled extensively, and
renewable energy could be produced from a combination of wind and solar
installations on the building and biomass consisting of agricultural waste.
Applying Despommier’s research, several designers and architects have
sought to bring the idea to life, producing detailed plans including images and case
studies. SkyFarm, a concept for Toronto, in theory could feed 35,000 people per
year, produce $23,000,000 in revenue annually, and grow as much food as a 420
hectare farm.
Crops could be grown in high densities, with 1 indoor acre approximately
equivalent to 4-6 outdoor acres, and much more in some cases. Strawberries, for
example, can be stacked and increase the ratio to make 1 indoor acre equal to 30
outdoor acres.
In order to make the concept viable, Despommier stresses that ecological
balance must be achieved. Food production will be organic, all waste material will
be recycled, and the system could be used to filter urban wastewater for use in
irrigation. The system will result in substantially less greenhouse gas emissions, by
reducing the need for food transport and cutting out diesel-powered machinery used
in industrial farming.
Increased urbanization of farming would also allow agricultural lands to be
returned to their natural state of wetlands and forests, increasing their carbon storage
potential and acting as a moderator of climate.
In order to be successful, vertical farms must be affordable, durable, and able
to show a profit without subsidy. A well designed vertical farm could achieve returns
comparable to the stock market, and would provide an attractive opportunity for
institutional investors.
If these conditions are met, urban agriculture could be a significant source of
food for the billions of people that will be living in cities worldwide by 2030.
The use of indoor agriculture is currently widespread, as greenhouses are
commonly used to grow hanging rows of tomatoes, berries, and other produce.
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Companies have developed a range of products based on the concept of increasingly
urban indoor farming.
13.1 Vocabulary exercises
13.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
Downtown, necessitating, desertification, livestock, extensively, viable, dieselpowered, affordable, subsidy, wastewater, greenhouse.
13.1.2 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the text, find
sentences in which they were used.
1. agricultural
2. arable
3. biodiversity
4. chemical
5. ecological
6. environmental
7. gas
8. glass-walled
9. renewable
10. sustainable
11. urban
a. source
b. city
c. emissions
d. land
e. degradation
f. fertilizer
g. loss
h. building
i. waste
j. balance
k. wastewater
13.1.3 Make your own sentences with the words from exercise 13.1.2.
13.1.4 Find English equivalents to the following phrases from the text.
Промышленное земледелие, вертикальное земледелие, отходы, выбросы
парниковых газов, транспорт для перевоза продуктов, механическое
оборудование, заболоченные местности, потенциальный объем хранения
углерода, реализовываться, с высокой плотностью, выполняющего функции
по регулированию климата, показать прибыль, ряды помидоров.
13.1.5 Give the synonyms to the words from the text.
Tower, fowl, every year, matter, wood, gain, scientist, concept, hypothesis.
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13.1.6 Find all the positions in which the words below were used.
Food, farm, acre, building, produce, city, skyscraper, concept.
13.1.7 Fill in the gaps using vocabulary list of the previous exercise. Translate
the sentences into Russian.
13.1.8 Translate the following sentences using the vocabulary of the lesson.
1. Вертикальные фермы не загрязняют сточные воды, имеют существенно
меньший выброс парниковых газов.
2. На вертикальной ферме, благодаря контролируемому микроклимату
значительно снижено потребление воды, что делает этот метод производства
предпочтительным в регионах с ее дефицитом.
3. Следует переносить производство растительной пищи в помещения внутри
городов с целью сохранения биоразнообразия на фоне роста населения
планеты.
4. Каждый из этажей вертикальной фермы предназначен для различных видов
сельскохозяйственных культур.
5. На нижних этажах планировалось разместить птицеферму и аквариумы для
промышленного производства рыбы.
6. Ферма-небоскрёб – это надежное решение для обеспечения продуктами
питания растущего мирового населения, сохранения природных ресурсов и
улучшения качества жизни горожан.
13.2 Grammar exercises
13.2.1 Find in the text all irregular verbs, give their three forms.
13.2.2 Fill in the gaps with the proper modal verb in the sentence. Pay
attention to the pictures, they will help what verb to choose. In some cases several
variants are possible to use.
1. … I go out?
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2. Children … eat less sweets.
3. Students … study for the exam.
4. … We watch TV now?
5. We … shout at our children.
13.2.3 Choose the sentences only in the Passive Voice.
1. A new center will be opened in a week.
2. Ann asks a lot of questions every day.
3. He visited my parents a week ago.
4. I phoned my boy friend.
5. Karl was taken to the zoo yesterday
6. My family like to walk in the park.
7. Our school organized a competition yesterday.
8. Students will attend the lectures on English.
9. The boy was asked to help his mom.
10. The building was decorated with plants.
11. The flowers are watered daily.
12. The letter was sent yesterday.
13. The office workers are told not to smoke there.
14. This problem is discussed by the stuff.
13.2.4 Find mistakes in the sentences and correct them.
1. The note were written on a sheet of paper
2. The car were repaired three days ago
3. The mobile will bought next month.
4. The tower were designed by Eiffel
5. My cousin ore taken to the hospital
6. The pictures are taken yesterday.
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7. The dress are made of wool.
8.The cat were injected last week.
9. The box will been sent tomorrow.
10. The lessons is attended by all the pupils.
11. The helicopter are managed by my uncle.
12. The plants will watered in an hour.
13. The documents was lost.
14. The messages is written every month.
13.2.5 Transform the following sentences into passive form.
1. Ann bought apples yesterday.
2. Dante wrote “The Divine Comedy”.
3. Eiffel designed the tower in 1887.
4. He will prepare the composition for the next lesson.
5. I bought this book last year.
6. My brother rules the company.
7. My mom feeds the dog every day.
8. People use mobiles every day.
9. She sent for the doctor an hour ago.
13.3 Reading comprehension
13.3.1 Read the sentences and write T (true), F (false), NS (Not stated).
1. A skyscraper can be a key component for building sustainable cities and reducing
greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
2. Dr. Dickson Despommier believes that the world’s population may increase by 3
billion people by 2050 for a total of 9.2 billion.
3. Vertical farming in future will lead to environmental degradation, deforestation
and desertification.
4. The Vertical Farm Project is created to solve problems in economy.
5. According to the project the Vertical Farm is expected to use technologies which
will be developed in future.
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6. The Vertical Farm is expected to require large land areas.
7. SkyFarm, a concept for Toronto, is a 30-story building, which is expected to feed
50,000 people per year.
8. A vertical farm has nothing in common with the commercial project and is just
attractive for organizations protecting the environment.
13.3.2 Compare vertical farming with the traditional one using the information
represented below. Add some more points.
Vertical farming
Traditional farming
No land required
Large land areas required
Indoor plant growth
Outdoor/greenhouse plant
growth
Artificial light (Total light control)
Sun (No light control)
Controlled environment/conditions
Natural environment/conditions
Flexible farming system
Unruly farming system
No pesticides/chemicals
Frequent use of
pesticides/chemicals
Costly startup, but cheap
production
Moderate cost of startup and
production
Powered by electricity
Powered by fossil fuels
13.3.3 Comment on the following quotations.
1. “Vertical farming is a form of controlled environment agriculture.” (Romy
Wilkin)
2. “There are no pros to vertical farming. Real-world examples have already
sufficiently demonstrated that the LED power requirements are beyond economical,
“fair”, reasonable, and particularly beyond “sustainable” use.” (Volker Kleinhenz)
3. “In this industry we hear a lot about LED lights and AI controls, but you get fewer
people talking about the mechanical equipment side of controlled environment
agriculture (CEA) because it is simply more challenging” (Erika Summers)
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4. “Climate change is not fiction. It is a reality that causes severe changes in
agriculture. Farmers need to accommodate new planting schemes.” (Carlos Ulises
Leon Velarde)
13.3.4 Work in pairs. Act out a dialogue between two farmers who are
planning to run a farm, one of them is for traditional farming, the other is for vertical
farming. Enumerate both advantages and disadvantages in each case.
13.4 Listening
13.4.1 Pre-listening task: Consult the dictionary and translate the following
words and phrases.
Rotisserie, lettuce plants, downtown, to extend, plot of land, founder, micro greens,
edible flower, peppery, soil, nutrients, pesticides, to coin the phrase, non-existent,
food desert, mental or physical disabilities, to thrive, brain injury.
13.4.2 Watch the video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JixDaIoJrAI)
and answer be ready to complete some tasks.
1. It's a vertical farm in the middle of … Jackson, Wyoming.
2. Jackson has a … growing season.
3. What we had was this plot of land … feet wide by … feet long.
4. This little tenth of an acre plot produces … pounds of produce a year and not just
… .
5. There's … outside on the mountain and we're still producing … for our community
and all kinds of … .
6. Vertical farming is possible because LED lighting has gotten cheaper and more
efficient.
7. They're fed solutions of … but practically no … .
8. 19 of its 43 employees of the farm have mental or physical … .
13.4.3 Complete the retelling in written form as close to the text as possible.
Use indirect speech where it’s necessary.
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14 Unit 14 Modern Green Homes
Text
Modern Green Homes – New Trend in Architecture
In the past decade, architecture has taken a new dimension with new graphic
designs and construction techniques. This has consequently led to rapid growth in
real estate industry. Modern green homes have become a sensation in the 21st
century. There are various factors that are taken into consideration while designing
modern homes. Let us try to understand more about them.
Great emphasis is given to the aspect of natural light in modern designs.
Large single-piece glass doors and windows are a prominent feature of luxury
homes. This helps in increasing natural light and also reduces artificial power
consumption.
Depletion of natural resources and increased understanding of its
consequences has led to the development of luxury green home industry. The most
recent trend in designing green homes is using recyclable wood and metal materials.
Low-impact and energy efficient designs are important characterstics of modern
architecture. Most luxury home builders prefer to use a combination of wood, glass,
and colorful tiles to give an elegant look to homes. Solar power is used for lighting
and heating needs in green homes.
Space dynamics has become a key factor in designing homes. Modern
architectural designs focus on creating a spacious environment within home with
few pieces of luxury art forms. The effective utilization of space gives a feeling of
openness to homes. A great way to utilize space is to focus on decentralized
structures for halls and rooms with artwork and sculptures in diagonal corners.
White, turquoise blue, ivory, and other light colors are widely used colour
themes for luxury homes. Light colours enhance internal lighting effect. The
interiors are designed to create a soothing effect synergistically with colours used.
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