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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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4.2.6 Fill in the gaps with the present participle or the past participle.
1. Alice gave her daughter one of her home-… (make) cakes for her birthday.
2. Andy took his … (break) car to the workshop and asked the mechanic to repair it.
3. Ann tried to listen at the … (close) door, but she couldn’t hear anything.
4. Mother cried to the … (play) children: “Come in! Lunch is ready!”
5. Please, give these … (freeze) children a cup of hot tea!
6. She tried to calm down the … (cry) baby.
7. The children found the … (steal) present in a rubbish bin.
8. The comfortable big sofa looked … (invite).
9. The party took place in a beautifully … (decorate) audience.
10. The scientists showed people the new energy – … (save) technology they had
invented.
11. These articles are well-…(write).
12. They need an English-… (speak) translator for their office.
13. Tony found a … (hide) cat in the garden.
4.3 Reading comprehension
4.3.1 Read the sentences and write T (true), F (false), NS (Not stated).
1. Landscape architects always specialize inly in one particular area.
2. A perfect field for everyday life experiments is considered to be some urban area.
3. Landscape architects create buildings and environment in them.
4. The role of landscape architects is to make everything around us beautiful.
4.3.2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1. Green roofs, urban forms, corporate campuses – they all define interior
architecture.
2. It requires a multidisciplinary approach involving anatomy, art, ecology, and
much more.
3. Landscape architecture is an informal process of study, design, and construction
by which new landscapes are created to meet the aspirations of the people concerned.
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4. However, it is generally understood to mean the indoor environments and
relationships between people and animals.
5. Landscape architecture is concerned with landscapes of only urban type and never
rural, and as for the scales: only the smallest open space.
6. Landscape architects design these areas so that they are not functional but just
beautiful and harmonious with the natural environment.
7. Historic landscape preservation and restoration is out of the area where landscape
architects increasingly play a role.
4.3.3 Read the text, divide it into semantic parts, design subtitles to each
paragraph of the text.
4.3.4 Compose a mind map of the text.
4.4 Listening
4.4.1 Watch the video
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcEuZUvQ34A&t=23s).
4.4.2 Put the following sentences as they were represented in the video.
1. At the garden scale, we compose landform, vegetation and water with walls,
buildings and other features.
2. Hence the job title: landscape architect.
3. Landscape architecture can be a great career with sublime opportunities.
4. Landscape architecture is one of the world's most important professions.
5. Our dream is to create harmony between man and the land.
4.4.3 Complete the following sentences.
1. Landscape deals with the relationship between man-made structures, grouped
together as ….
2. We use drawings and models to compose landform, vegetation and water in
relation to …
3. At the garden scale, we compose landform, vegetation and water …
4. At the town scale, we plan and design parks, …
4.4.4 Put down the retelling as close to the text as possible.
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5 Unit 5 What is Landscape Architecture?
Text
What is Landscape Architecture?
Landscape architecture is the study and practice of designing environments
(outdoors & indoors) of varying scale that encompasses elements of art,
environment, architecture, engineering, and sociology.
Landscape Architecture is a profession that is unknown or misunderstood as
gardening by many. Its value to society is greater than many can imagine and should
be celebrated by the population of every town, city, and country.
Landscape architects are involved in the conceptual design of spaces that
“creates and enables life between the buildings”. The involvement of landscape
architects can be seen in streets, roads, shared paths, housing estates, apartment
compounds, shopping malls, squares, plazas, gardens, pocket parks, playgrounds,
cemeteries, memorials, museums, schools, universities, transport networks, regional
parks, national parks, forests, waterways and across towns, cities and countries.
Landscape architects often go beyond site design and also create masterplans,
frameworks and policies for place and city-shaping that enable citizens and
government to create better places for all.
Many landscape architects from the past, current, (and future) have designed
everlasting landscapes that will stand the test of time for decades to come that create
calm, joy, and inspiration for so many. As a profession, landscape architects should
be proud as few professions can stake claim to creating places that impact and benefit
so many people.
The question of what is landscape architecture raises varying opinions on what
it is and isn’t; the profession is so broad and encompassing that there is enough scope
and breadth in the profession to accommodate varying views and remember that we
have a wide range of expertise, skills and talents.
Landscape architect job responsibilities might include:
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• Meeting with clients to discuss projects and goals
• Drawing designs and creating site plans and models
• Putting together specifications and cost estimates
• Collaborating with engineers, surveyors, architects, contractors, laborers and
other professionals
• Using software and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create models of
landscape plans
• Analyzing the land and its drainage and runoff
• Overseeing projects to completion and staying on budget
• Restoring natural areas such as wetlands and streams
5.1 Vocabulary exercises
5.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
Encompass, engineering, sociology, gardening, path, mall, square, plaza, cemeteries,
playground, conceptual, memorial, waterway, masterplan, framework, everlasting,
inspiration, current, impact, benefit, varying, encompassing, accommodate.
5.1.2 Find English equivalents to the following phrases from the text.
На открытом воздухе и в помещении; разного масштаба; концептуальный
проект; создавать и обеспечивать жизнь; ландшафтный архитектор; жилой
комплекс; карманный парк; извечный пейзаж; различные мнения.
5.1.3 Compose your own sentences with the phrases from Ex. 5.1.2.
5.1.4 Do the word-building task. Be careful, not all the words have multiple
forms.
Verb
Noun
Adjective
professional
to create
designing
to enable
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functional
gardening
to imagine
harmonious
art
5.2 Grammar exercises
5.2.1 Find in the text all the sentences with gerunds, translate them.
5.2.2 Find in the text all the sentences with infinitives, transform them into
negative.
5.2.3 Change the sentence into a sentence with a gerund subject.
1. It is important to meet with clients to discuss projects.
2. It is not a good idea to plan a project without information of the whole budget
project.
3. It takes time to understand landscape planning and landscape management.
4. It won't be easy to consider physical, social, economic, political and cultural
factors to generate creative solutions for our urban and natural environments.
5. It is a privilege to vote.
6. It is a bad habit to skip breakfast.
7. It makes sense to save as many parks, waterways, gardens, as you can.
8. It is hard to plan, design and project, manage for public and private spaces.
9. It is important to make the world more livable, protect the environment and has a
focus on creativity and design.
10. It can be difficult to find a good job.
5.2.4 Change the sentence into a sentence with an infinitive subject.
1. Surveying sites and monitoring progress are landscape architect work activities.
2. Being a landscape architect may be involved in the development of schematic
designs and construction details.
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3. Reporting to a Landscape Architect Manager is a typical duty of a landscape
architect.
4. Having 2 to 4 years of related experience is essential for being a landscape
architect.
5. Creating beautiful outdoor spaces is the job of a landscape architect.
6. Reading and understanding construction plans is hard.
7. Making wise decisions wasn't easy.
8. Adding a defining feature to everything landscape architects plan to build is
important.
9. Making the most cost-effective plan for completing the construction is the aim.
10. Making detailed technical drawings that help in a better understanding of the
construction plan made by the architect is their job.
5.2.5 Gerund Role Play.
Student A – You want to ask a friend out. Persuade him that he can put off his project
and relax! Use as many gerund constructions as you can.
Student B – You’re asked out to go on the town with the friends, but you’ve got a
project tomorrow. Prove that this is very important for you and you can’t go. Use as
many gerund constructions as you can.
5.3 Reading comprehension
5.3.1 Answer the following questions.
1. What does a landscape architect do?
2. What responsibilities might landscape architect job include?
5.3.2 Give a list of skills which a good landscape architect should have.
5.3.3 Work with the summary of the text.
1. List the main ideas of the text.
2. Write an introductory sentence that states the topic of the summary.
3. Turn the main ideas into sentences using your own words (you can combine some
of the main ideas into one sentence).
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4. Add transitional words to connect the sentences.
5. Proofread and edit your summary.
5.3.4 Analyse the picture of the project and say the landscape architect’s
stages of work.
Рисунок 2 – Project
5.3.5 Compose a list of pros and cons of the profession “a landscape
architect”.
5.4 Listening
5.4.1 What is the difference between a landscape architect and a landscape
designer? Give a list of activities of each of these professions.
5.4.2 Translate the following phrases, use them in the sentences of your own.
Back yard, to hire a person for the job, an area of expertise, to figure out, a licenced
professional, training designing slopes, to alter the land, native plants, public space.
5.4.3 Watch the video “Landscape Architect vs. Landscape Designer”
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_A7KEqQo7g and be ready to complete the
tasks).
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5.4.4 Place the following phrases in the correct group.
Design large features, design flowers and plants, is a licensed professional, alters the
land to make it save and beautiful, doesn’t require a license, know the plants that are
native to the area, know what will look best in the yard, chose materials which will
suit the climate, typically work on large projects, makes a plan to make the garden
look great.
5.4.5 Put down a detailed retelling of the video using the vocabulary of the
lesson.
A landscape architect
A landscape designer
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6 Unit 6 History of Landscape Architecture
Text
History of Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture History: we have always wanted our surroundings to
be beautiful and this extends to the outdoors of our home as well as the interior. The
practice of shaping nature around our dwellings to suit personal preference goes back
centuries and many of the landscape designs that were commissioned long ago still
remain with us today as tourist attractions.
Although the name ‘landscape architecture’ was coined in 1828, and it wasn’t
until the twentieth century that it became a legitimate business in its own right, it is
far more ancient style of architecture, stretching back as far as primitive man and his
cultivation of small gardens for sustenance!
Because of the far reaching origins of landscape architecture, it is impossible
to pin down a definitive origin point. Most cultures have some form or another of
landscape architecture, from the water and rock gardens of Japan, to the elaborate
hedge mazes and geometric tree designs of Europe, to the modest and hardy flower
gardens and statues of Canada.
Different cultures also have different points when they considered landscape
design to be important-building elaborate and beautiful sanctuaries has always been
an important part of Japanese life, while this same importance has only recently been
placed on Western equivalents.
Landscape design is also growing to be an important part of urban design as
more people recognize how important it is to have green space is a forest of steel of
concrete. Perhaps someday soon, all skyscrapers will have roofs of green and there
will be enclaves of trees in every available corner.
For now, many have to make do with beautifying their corners in their homes
and enjoying their sanctuary there. Landscape architecture started out as a practical
business in the seventeenth century. Prior to this time, though many practiced it, it
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was not considered all that important to most people who preferred their space to be
functional over beautiful. Even this early though, there was little demand for
landscape design as only the rich could afford such luxuries.
One of the notable examples of elaborate landscape design is the gardens that
surrounded the Palace of Versailles in the 1600s which were carefully built to be
pleasing to the eye and geometrically balanced. However, at this time, it was still
not known as landscape architecture.
The term was coined in 1828 and referred to the Italian gardens, though
author, Gilbert Meason, of the book “On The Landscape Architecture of the Great
Painters of Italy”, had never actually been there. Still, he had a deep appreciation for
the beauty of outdoor design and began pushing for it in his home in Scotland.
The practice began to spread more widely through Europe in the nineteenth
century and exploded in the twentieth. It was into the twentieth century though where
landscape architecture really took off, complete with literature on the practice,
schooling, and businesses growing to specialize in solely designing the gardens and
lawns of buildings, not the inside.
There is more of a demand for landscape architecture as people can afford to
do more elaborate things with their lawns and gardens. It is now recognized as a
world wide profession in the International Labor Board and there are businesses and
education that caters to those wanting to be landscape architects.
Unfortunately, it is still new and so there is little in the way of a history to
draw upon yet and there are so many different styles throughout the ages that such a
history would be massive. This can be advantageous as well though as it means that
there is a lot for a landscape architect to draw upon.
Looking into the future, many architects predict that landscape design will be
able to be ‘snuck’ into urban design more elegantly, with gardens on rooftops and
more of a push for small parks even in the deepest urban center. The importance of
having beautiful and natural spaces is growing in the consciousness of many and this
will lead to more beautiful and greener cities overall which can only be a good thing.
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