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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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3. Why should the chimney be dark?
4. In what case is the heated air forced back to the room?
5. How can the air be cooled in hot weather?
10.4.5 Put down a detailed retelling of the video using the vocabulary of the
lesson.
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11 Unit 11 Sci-Fi Design Concept
Text
Sci-fi Eco Architecture- the New Future
Architecture has always paved its way to alter the forthcoming. Emerging
trends and advancements will mold the future into something exciting and
worthwhile. Many factors shape the view and functionality of future cities. The
architecture will be expected to accommodate the growing population while catering
to environmentally friendly designs. Climate change is one of the most influential
factors that need to be kept in mind while thinking about the future. It is crucial to
have zero-emission buildings that play their part in depreciating global warming and
the greenhouse effect. The buildings in the future foresee efficient use of resources,
lower energy consumption, and maximum efficiency.
Population in the next 20 years will grow up to 9.8 billion, increasing the
urban population density. With decreasing vacant sites to build on, architects will be
encouraged to expand vertically. In the future, skyscrapers will likely become more
prevalent. There are already several innovations in construction materials and
methods, and the world will only witness more in the days to come.
Sustainable architecture in the future is more than just solar panels and roof
gardens. Every building must consume and emit less energy, have design flexibility
and improve air quality. Spaces must be self-insulated with thicker walls and
oriented in a way that they capture maximum natural light. It is imperative to
increase the use of recycled and local materials to reduce the environmental impact.
Passive houses are the world’s leading energy-efficient buildings that are
environmentally friendly, affordable, acoustically insulated, and provide indoor
comfort. Many sustainable or eco-cities are already in the talks. Masdar city in the
UAE is one such project proposed to be completed by 2025. It aims to be the most
sustainable city in the world. It has a total area of 63sqkm with zero carbon and
waste emissions. Materials used in building the city are local and traditional Arab
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architectural methods reducing its temperature by 15 degrees compared to its
surroundings. Such projects carve the future of architecture into bringing a positive
impact rather than a zero impact on the surroundings.
A world of sci-fi architecture will be created through innovations like BIM,
3D printing, vertical housing, parametric architecture, AI, and virtual reality.
Visually appealing, high technology-based architecture is already seen in movies
and will not take forever to be endorsed in our streets.
A future generation might observe floating sea cities, underwater cities, and
even buildings with their microclimates. Buildings might even touch the skips to
accommodate a giant population with the emerging 3D printing technology. It will
not be astonishing to see 3D-printed and modular construction in a few decades.
Prefabricated modules save time, deliver better quality, and increase productivity.
Parametric architecture will become a trend that rejects the homogeneity of
buildings. It is a blend of advanced technologies and complex designs. BIM and
virtual reality platforms offer new challenges to architects by enabling them to
explore new horizons.
Architecture in the future must have a positive impact on the environment.
Spaces in future must be sustainable for a habitable environment. Eco sci-fi
architecture aims to use science and technology to improve the environment while
preserving its natural beauty. The building’s concept is in the vein of science fiction,
and the style is a splendid blend of nature and high-tech. There are already a few
innovations in the field of sustainable architecture, like the electrochromic smart
glass. It shuts out the harsh heat of solar radiation. It has electric signals that monitor
the amount of solar radiation it reflects.
Architecture in the future will cater to the needs of the coming generations
keeping the surroundings and climate in mind. The cities will no longer be futuristic
deserts but will always have traces of greenery. The envision of the future is certainly
different for every designer. Sustainable and modern architecture are very
prominent, and the blend of these two is without a doubt in the talks.
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11.1 Vocabulary exercises
11.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
To pave, forthcoming, to mold, crucial, to foresee, density, to witness, self-insulated,
imperative, affordable, insulated, sustainable, Masdar, UAE, to carve (the future),
BIM, AI, sea city, homogeneity, cater, greenery, to expand, decreasing, depreciating.
11.1.2 Give a word or a phrase from the previous exercise to each definition.
1. a process involving the generation and management of digital representations
of the physical and functional characteristics of places;
2. able to be afforded;
3. becoming less.
4. being about to appear or to be produced or made available;
5. causing, or made in a way that causes, little or no damage to the environment
and therefore able to continue for a long time
6. green plants or branches, especially when cut and used as decoration;
7. important, significant;
8. not to be avoided or evaded;
9. protected from heat, cold, noise etc., by being surrounded with an insulating
material.
10. that degrades the value of something;
11. the average number of individuals or units per unit of space;
12. the intelligence of machines or software;
13. the quality of consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are
of the same type;
14. to attend to the wants or needs of;
15. to have personal or direct cognizance of: see for oneself;
16. to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something increase in
this way;
17. to knead or work (a material, such as dough or clay) into a desired consistency
or shape;
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18. to lay or cover with material (such as asphalt or concrete) that forms a firm
level surface for travel;
19. to see (something, such as a development) beforehand.
11.1.3 Find synonyms in the texts for the words below.
Accessible, approaching, deprecating, to develop, herbage, necessary, to provide,
thickness, to anticipate, to see, uniformity, vital.
11.1.4 Develop the sentences using the vocabulary of the previous exercise.
1. A child's behavior is a difficult think and these are parents who can … .
2. As air expands and contracts with temperature and pressure its changes its ... .
3. Do not plan beyond the circumstances you can … .
4. In other words, our lives would be directed by New York City bureaucracy,
completely powerful and … .
5. Public information and fact-finding on human rights violations are … .
6. The house is surrounded by trees and other kinds of … .
7. The train had not yet arrived, while waiting for its … .
8. The way for the revolutionary work of the impressionism was … .
9. There is no one solution to making housing … .
10. This will be broadcast live on television for everyone to … .
11. To increase the use of recycled materials to reduce the environmental impact this
step is … .
12. You can make decisions and perform actions well in order your future to be … .
11.1.5 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the text, find
sentences in which they were used.
1. emerging
a. appealing
2. design
b. architecture
3. energy
c. buildings
4. greenhouse
d. consumption
5. harsh
e. effect
6. maximum
f. efficiency
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7. parametric
g. flexibility
8. positive
h. heat
9. solar
i. housing
10. vertical
j. impact
11. visually
k. radiation
12. zero-emission
l. trends
11.1.6 Fill in the gaps using vocabulary list of the previous exercise. Translate
the sentences into Russian.
1. All equipment components are highly reliable and operate with ….
2. And Europe needs to invest in … and urban density, avoiding destruction from
the urban sprawl.
3. Eight … are transforming many markets and businesses.
4. In the future, the development of on-site renewable energy production could lead
to … and highly energy efficient low carbon eco-cities.
5. New energy-efficient equipment can reduce … by 10-20%.
6 .The combined different modules allow to create original and … projects that make
each customer's building absolutely unique.
7. The design of the business center was carried out using the … methodology –
using computer graphics on specially created software.
8. The glass also blocks out 63% of … .
9. This is an important way that carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere,
slowing the rise in temperature caused by the ….
10. Wood's … makes it suitable for a wide range of building types and applications
providing both aesthetic and structural features.
11. … and a lack of rain in Russia have killed half of the crop in some hard-hit
areas.
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11.1.7 Translate the following sentences using the vocabulary list of exercise
11.1.5.
1. В плане развития района также предлагается создавать «здания с нулевыми
выбросами в воздух» при их строительстве или реконструкции.
2. Для проектирования здания – очень сложного по форме, с элементами
параметрической архитектуры – была приглашена компания Pride.
3. Здесь летом нет такой изнуряющей жары, как на южных побережьях.
4. К концу дня организм, как правило, снижает потребление энергии.
5. Красота, гибкость дизайна, долговечность, ценность, удовлетворенность
клиентов – вот основные преимущества использования гранита.
6. Максимальную эффективность можно получить используя индивидуальное
решение
7. Некоторые учёные полагают, что одним из основных факторов, ведущим к
старению, является солнечное излучение.
8. Нет ни одного научно подтвержденного доказательства того, что
парниковый эффект влияет на климат.
9. Новый тип жилища Клифсайд идет к тенденцию к новым вертикальным
корпусам и ужасающим высотам.
10. Однако, нужно исследовать рынок и знать текущие и возникающие
тенденции в этом секторе.
11. Природа делает дом визуально привлекательным, потому что он меняет
свой внешний вид в зависимости от сезона.
12. Этот кризис – вызов сторонникам глобализации, требующий от них
продемонстрировать, каково ее позитивное воздействие на развитие.
11.2 Grammar exercises
11.2.1 Find in the text all irregular verbs, give their three forms.
11.2.2 Ask 5 types of questions to the following sentences.
1. Many factors shape the view and functionality of future cities.
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2. There are already several innovations in construction materials and methods.
3. Masdar city in the UAE is one such project proposed to be completed by 2025.
11.2.3 Ann is a designer. She has just got a new position. Complete the
sentences below using “must” or “have to” in the correct form, positive or negative.
1. She … work 10 hours every day.
2. She … wear very formal attire. The office has no dress code.
3. She … smoke at work. The building is a non-smoking area.
4. She … meet people every day. Her work expects a lot of meetings.
5. She … wear a helmet when attending a building site.
6. She … work a lot if she wants a bonus. Her manager is very demanding.
7. She … park her car near the building entrance. That space is reserved for the
director.
8. She … get up early every day. She has flexible hours.
11.2.4 Give Tom some pieces of advice using modal verbs “should” or
“shouldn’t” and one of the phrases below. Model the situation yourself.
be so careless
eat so much cake
go to bed earlier
have an eye test
quit your job
take up a new hobby
try to relax more
use your phone all day
Ex: Tom, if you are always tired during the day, you should try to relax more
11.2.5 Transform the sentences with one of the modal verbs (must, have to,
need to, should). In some cases several variants are possible.
1. It is a good idea for me to study hard if I want to pass my exam.
2. It is obligatory to drive on the left side of the road in Australia and India.
3. It is forbidden to cross the border without some documents.
4. It is very important that Ann does not forget to call Mr. Smith in a week.
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5. It is not necessary to wait for them. We can go there alone.
6. It is obligatory for the visitors to check out of the hotel before midday.
7. To my mind it is important for you to go to bed early tonight.
8. It is a bad idea to believe all the information which you find on the internet.
9. It is not necessary for his gift to be expensive.
11.2.6 Compose sentences using proper modal verbs (must, have to, need to,
should). Pay attention to the pictures, they will help to understand the situation
correctly.
1.
(listen to the teacher)
2.
(park)
3.
(waste food)
4.
(snow)
5.
(take photos)
6.
(do exercise)
7.
(drink alcohol)
8.
(play tennis)
9. (smoke)
10. (have the menu)
11.2.7 Underline the verb. Comment if the sentence is in active voice or
passive voice.
1. Ann was attacked by a gang of people.
2. A fire took place in the building yesterday.
3. The pupils were punished by the teacher.
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4. Mr. Smith is marking our test papers now.
5. Dad bought an expensive car for me on my birthday.
6. The old building will be knocked down.
7. He is learning Spanish in Mexico.
8. A lot of tourists visit Oxford every year.
9. The child is taken to the hospital by his mother.
10. Our project will be finished by next Monday.
11.2.8 Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Clean
The windows … every month. (simple present tense)
The windows … last month. (simple past tense)
The windows … next month. (simple future tense)
The windows … already. (present perfect tense)
2. Sweep
The floor … by the maid every morning.
The floor … by the maid yesterday morning.
The floor … by the maid tomorrow morning.
The floor … by the maid already.
3. Write
A letter … by Ann every day.
A letter … by Ann yesterday.
A letter … by Ann soon.
A letter … by Ann already.
11.2.9 Fill in the gaps with the verb in brackets, mind its tense and voice.
1. He … the floor already. (clean)
2. My friend … a shop in Orenburg. (open)
3. My purse …by somebody last week. (steal)
4. Only Chinese food … in this cafe. (serve)
5. Our neighbors always …a lot of noise. (make)
6. That picture … by my daughter. paint)
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