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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
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3.2.2 Find in this list of nouns whose which can be used in plural form. Put
them down.
3.2.3 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate forms of verbs.
1. Money (be) what people use to buy things and services.
2. Life isn't easy when trouble (come).
3. Knowledge (be) power.
4. Success (have) many fathers, while failure is an orphan.
5. Rainy weather (seem) to affect children and old people.
6. Health (be) wealth.
7. What information (appear) on a US passport when customs officials scan the bar
code?
3.2.4 Form the plural form of the nouns. Place them in the proper column.
Add 3 more examples in each column.
Activity, aspect, balance, boy, burnout, complaint, contractor, day off, effort, family,
friend, health, idea, interest, job, life, management, person, revolution, satisfaction,
saying, technology, term, time, work, woman, workaholic.
-s
-es
-ies
-ys
-ves
irregular
3.2.5 Fill in the gaps with the plural form of the noun in brackets.
1. Only five … are allowed in this lift. (person)
2. Please, cut the apple into two … . (half)
3. He bought three … in the shot. (fish)
4. My … are playing in the garden. (child)
5. The tourists were attacked by several … . (wolf)
6. He never forgets to brush his … twice a day. (tooth)
7. Many … adore to go shopping. (woman)
8. Please, give me those two sharp … . (knife)
9. Please, buy two … to make sandwiches for the picnic. (loaf)
10. Wash your …, they are filthy. (foot)
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3.3 Reading comprehension
3.3.1 Complete the sentences.
1. When a woman is ready to start a family, she usually …
2. Nowadays women are usually successful in their work and it’s difficult for them
to …
3. Spending time with your child the most important thing is not the amount of time
you can make for him but …
4. Keep it in your head that if you want to delay the time of having a family …
5. The time for the parents to decide who of them is going to give up the career
comes when …
6. It’s important for the partners to have equal …
3.3.2 Answer the following questions.
1. What is work-life balance?
2. How do you understand the saying “all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”?
3. How has the concept of weekends changed for the last centuries?
4. What is the effect of poor work-life balance?
5. Are businessmen granted to have a work-life balance? Why?
6. Where can the concept of tasks delegation be applied? Give your exmples.
3.3.3 Work in pairs, discussing how the following actions from employers can
affect the work-life balance of their employees
Ex. Flexible working hours – employees can adjust their daily rhythm according to
their individual needs and will therefore have more freedom for family, free time,
rest.
Home office, healthy supply of food, healthy workplace, in-house childcare,
exercise opportunities, options for stress management, company pension scheme,
sabbaticals, constructive feedback, transparent promotion opportunities, further
training possibilities.
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3.3.4 Comment on the following.
Рисунок 1 – Work-life balance
3.4 Listening
3.4.1 Pre-listening task: Read the definitions and match them with the
following words.
Work–life balance, overtime, a best-selling book, an advantage, a concept, to fade,
freedom, mobility.
1. a successful book;
2. giving the right amount of time to work and to the rest of your life;
3. an idea;
4. working more than your normal work hours;
5. the ability to work from different places;
6. a positive thing about something;
7. to become less clear or visible;
8. being free to do what you want.
3.4.2 Listen to the audio and answer the following questions.
1. What was said about the popularity of Chris Svensson’s book?
2. What is the work–life balance like in traditional workplaces?
3. How often do people do overtime?
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4. In traditional workplaces, do people work at weekends or when on holiday?
5. How has technology helped people work with more flexibility?
6. Traditional divisions between work and life are fading. What does this mean for
employees?
3.4.3 Write the ideas in the correct group.
– possible to work weekends or while on holiday;
– fixed working hours;
– flexible working hours;
– hobbies and sports can be done at other times, also during the day;
– hobbies and sports only in the evening or at weekends;
– no working at weekends or on holiday.
Traditional workplaces
Modern workplaces
3.4.5 Describe your work–life balance as you manage it.
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4 Unit 4 Landscape Architecture
Text
Landscape Architecture?
It is the design of almost anything around you and under the sky. Green roofs,
urban forms, corporate campuses – they all define landscape architecture.
Generally, landscape architecture covers a huge spectrum, perhaps best
understood by the profession’s mantra: as achieving a balance between the built and
natural environments. It requires a multidisciplinary approach involving
environmental science, art, ecology, and much more. Sometimes landscape design
leads to extraordinary results such as restoring endangered wetlands, securing
government and other buildings, and removing toxins from rainwater. These are not
pie in the sky. They are what landscape architects are designing right now.
Landscape architecture is a formal process of study, design, and construction
by which new landscapes are created to meet the aspirations of the people concerned.
It involves framing proper planning projects, more particularly those affected by
changes and the badly damaged areas, like example suburbs, periurban, industrial
and coastal areas. The purpose of such planning projects to radically re-shape the
damaged landscapes.
Landscape architecture is a discipline that focuses on intervention through the
activities of planning, design, and management. Also, it is concerned with the art
and science that underpins all activities. All these activities are united in the concept
of landscape, which is defined in various ways. However, it is generally understood
to mean the outdoor environments and relationships between people and places.
Landscape architecture is concerned with landscapes of all types both urban and
rural, and at all scales from the smallest open space to the whole region.
As a result, people enjoy attractively designed gardens, public parks,
playgrounds, residential areas, college campuses, shopping centers, golf courses,
and parkways. Landscape architects design these areas so that they are not only
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functional but also beautiful and harmonious with the natural environment. They
plan the location of buildings, roads, and walkways, as well as the arrangement of
flowers, shrubs, and trees.
Some landscape architects work on a variety of types of projects. Others
specialize in a particular area, such as street and highway beautification, waterfront
improvement projects, parks, and so on. Others work in regional and resource
management, feasibility, environmental impact, and cost studies or site construction.
Increasingly, landscape architects work in environmental remediation such as
preservation and restoration of wetlands or abatement of stormwater runoff in new
developments. Historic landscape preservation and restoration is another area where
landscape architects increasingly play a role.
The new concept of landscape architecture comprises the study of optimal
connections between human civilization and the environment. It is the landscape of
urban open spaces that are considered ideal fields for such experiments of everyday
life. At the same time, there is an awareness that exists is always pointing out that
space is transformed, improved, and changed by man as a cultural being. In the
meantime, the environment can never be fully controlled, and that the natural world
has its authentic values and mechanisms that can never be controlled or tamed
(Galecic, Unknown).
It is observed that landscape architects create the landscape around us. They
plan, design, and manage open spaces including both natural and built environments.
They work to provide innovative and aesthetically pleasing environments for people
to enjoy. Their work covers diverse projects that range from designing the layout of
parks, gardens, and housing estates to city-center design, sporting sites, and
improving the land. This means that the role of landscape architects is not just
beautification, but it is about creating the space itself, creating the ambiance of
development, and creating the quality of the built environment.
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4.1 Vocabulary exercises
4.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
Mantra, aspiration, periurban, parkway, shrub, feasibility, innovative, intervention,
restoration, abatement, tame, roof.
4.1.2 Guess the words with missing vowels, prepare a definition to each of
them.
dsgn, lndscp, rchtctr, prfessn, nvrnmnt, scnc, cnstrctn, plnnng, prjct, mngmnt.
4.1.3 Find English equivalents to the following phrases from the text.
Корпоративный кампус, огромный спектр, окружающая природная среда,
междисциплинарный подход, наука об окружающей среде, выдающийся
результат, водно-болотные угодья, находящиеся под угрозой исчезновения,
пустое желание или обещание, поврежденные участки, прибрежный район,
благоустройство автомобильных дорог, восстановление окружающей среды,
ливневой сток, эстетически привлекательный, разнообразные проекты, жилой
район, спортивный объект, общественный парк.
4.1.4 Compose your own sentences with the phrases from Ex. 4.1.3.
4.1.5 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the text, find
sentences in which they were used.
1. abatement of
2. ambiance of
3. arrangement of
4. aspirations of
5. concept of
6. experiments of
7. location of
8. process of
9. purpose of
10. restoration of
11. layout of
a. buildings
b. development
c. flowers
d. landscape
e. life
f. planning
g. runoff
h. study
i. people
j. wetlands
k. parks
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4.1.6 Do the word-building task. Be careful, not all the words have multiple
forms.
Verb
Noun
Adjective
architectural
to design
a plan
to study
functional
a play
to understand
harmonious
to unite
4.1.7 Translate the sentences using the vocabulary of the lesson.
1. Междисциплинарный подход, которому он научился у мистера Маккуина,
привел к его последнему проекту.
2. Это была часть практической науки об окружающей среде, которая
установила стандарты для международного сотрудничества и глобальных
действий.
3. Согласно опросу, подавляющее большинство из тысяч участков имеют
«препятствия для утилизации», включая размещение исчезающих видов и
водно-болотных угодий или имеющих «культурное значение».
4. Хорошая вещь в искусстве заключается в том, что вы можете делать то, что
вам нравится, даже если это действительно пустое желание.
5. Что Вы думаете, если на месте этой ямы, мы построим замечательный
общественный парк?
6. Закон об благоустройстве автомобильных дорог 1965 года положил начало
федеральным усилиям по умеренному регулированию рекламных щитов, но
прогресс за последние шесть лет был мучительно медленным.
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7. По словам г-на Раша, новый план несколько снизит риск наводнений,
поскольку в периоды дождей город будет выделять больше воды, чем сейчас,
создавая пространство для ливневого стока в водохранилищах.
8. Прибрежная территория вместе с замком перейдёт в моё управление.
9. Это всё жилые кварталы, а значит, тысячи домов придётся снести, верно?
10. На самом дне сада растут фрукты и овощи и над ними, слой кустарников,
который также обильный, если не несколько необычно.
4.2 Grammar exercises
4.2.1 Finish the following sentences using gerunds. Translate the sentences.
1. I am fond of …
2. Mrs. To is good at …
3. You can improve your English by …
4. A ruler is used for …
5. A saw is a tool for …
6. I dislike …
7. Some people mind …
8. There’s no point in …
9. Some people mind …
10. I can’t stand …
4.2.2 Use the Gerund in the appropriate form instead of the infinitive in
brackets. Translate the sentences.
1. Dan apologized for (to change) the timetable without (to inform) his boss about
it.
2. Din doesn’t like (to read) books himself but he likes (to read) by his Mum.
3. He disliked (to arouse) early.
4. I have only just discovered that I cannot bear (to watch) doing anything so badly.
5. Kirill displayed a distinct pleasure at (to allow) to tell his story.
6. Thank you for (to answer) the letter so soon.
7. Tom is used to (to interrupt) his mother
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8. We haven’t got a chance of (to have) a word together.
9. We look forward to (to meet) at the railway station by our friend Lorry.
10. William insisted on (to tell) the truth as he himself is used to (to tell) the truth.
4.2.3 Paraphrase the sentences using the gerund in the function of the subject.
Model: It is harmful to drink alcohol. – Drinking alcohol is harmful.
1. It is pleasant to removing toxins from rainwater as a result of landscape designing.
2. It is bad to design areas so that they are only functional but not beautiful and
harmonious with the natural environment.
3. It was lovely to plan the location of buildings, roads, and walkways, as well as the
arrangement of flowers, shrubs, and trees.
4. It is difficult to study landscape architecture.
5. It was a great mistake to think that landscape architecture is concerned with
landscapes of one type.
6. It is expensive to use a multidisciplinary approach.
7. It is impossible to change this badly damaged area.
8. It is no easy matter to plan this project.
9. It is impossible to think that the environment can be fully controlled.
4.2.4 Find in the text 15 verbs, put down their form of present and past
participle.
Verb
Present participle
Past participle
open
opening
opened
4.2.5 Place the phrases into two columns (present and past participles).
Translate them into Russian.
climbing the tree, communicating well upwards, cracked from top to bottom, having
read your book, overcome by emotion, peering over the top of his glasses,
removing his glasses, scurrying from burrow to burrow, signalling his agreement,
smiling from ear to ear, the breaking news, the broken news, the printed document,
the printing document, the risen sun, the rising sun.
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