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Файл:English for students of environmental design. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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f. work who is paid a fixed amount of money or compensation (also known as a
salary) by an employer.
g. the action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work.
h. the rules about what kind of clothes people are allowed to wear there.
i. a person or company that receives a service from them in return for payment.
1.2 Grammar exercises
1.2.1 Find in the text all irregular verbs, give their three forms.
1.2.2 Open the brackets using the verbs in proper tense.
1. Many freelancers (to envy) the stability and security of a full-time salaried
employee.
2. Full-time employees (to have) the security of an employment contract.
3. Freelancers (not to get paid) for a single day that they (not to work) and often
there (to be) no guarantee of next week’s or next day’s work.
4. Companies often (to organize) training that (to help) you to develop your skills
for free.
5. Freelancers (to arrange) their own health insurance.
6. Training also (to be) freelancers’ own responsibility.
7. Full-time employees (to be) more secure than freelancers as they get a regular
paycheck each month that they (can) rely on.
8. Full-time employees (to have) a boss who (to tell) them what to do.
9. Freelancers (to be) often alone as they (to work) from their personal space most
of the time.
10. Full-time employment (to offer) you much less time to spend with your family,
friends and life partner due to regular office times.
1.2.3 Fill in the gaps with the suitable modal verbs.
1. Even though you’re going it alone, you still … sell yourself as a brand – meaning
an impressive online presence is key.
2. Freelance work … be found on a range of job sites
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3. Freelancers … also offer services to multiple businesses simultaneously and earn
more if they … meet the agreed deadlines.
4. Freelancers … motivate themselves, find their own clients, do their own
marketing, negotiate their own contracts
5. Freelancers … organize their own time to make sure that they stay on top of things.
6. Freelancers (not) … deal with the office politics as they are not tied to a company.
7. Full-time employees … access benefits like health insurance, paid vacations, sick
leaves, parental leave, PF and a retirement scheme.
8. Full-time employees … work within the rules of the organization that can be quite
extensive.
9. Full-time employees are more secure than freelancers as they get a regular
paycheck each month that they … rely on.
10. You … also do your research to make sure your skill is marketable.
1.2.4 Use the articles a, an, the where it is necessary.
1. If you work __ full-time, you may be pigeon-holed into __ one line of work, or
into one industry, and it also may be more difficult or challenging to diversify how
__ your skills are used, especially in __ large company that has __ lot of bureaucracy.
2. Have you wondered what __ biggest differences between being __ freelancer vs.
__ employee of __ larger company are?
3. So, if __ company is looking for __ expert graphic __ designer, especially for __
6-month period of time, __ their goal will be to hire __ freelancer.
4. __ freelancers are considered __ experts in their trades; after all, __ most
freelancers offer __ service, and in __ order to get hired, they have to be really good
at it!
5. As you may be aware, working from home can save you __ ton of __money, and
helps __ freelancers keep costs and __ time spent efficiently by scrapping __
commute and leading __ balanced work-from-home lives.
1.2.5 Find in the text all gerunds, participles and verbs used in the infinitive
construction. Translate them.
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1.2.6 Complete the sentences with the expression get a good job. Use the
Infinitive or the -ing form of the verb get.
1. I want _________________________.
2. I suggest _________________________.
3. I decided _________________________.
4. I recommend _________________________.
5. I hope _________________________.
6. I feel like _________________________.
7. I managed _________________________.
8. I am trying _________________________.
9. I will not refuse _________________________.
10. I agree _________________________.
1.2.7 Fill in the gerund or infinitive form of the verb (with or without to).
1. She seems (like) her new job.
2. I’m lazy. I don’t feel like (work) any more.
3. She hates (get) up so early.
4. Don’t forget (post) the letter.
5. Are you interested in (work) for us?
6. Do you mind (stay) away from your office all the time?
7. Tom offered (bring) me my order home.
8. I am getting used (work) from home.
9. I'd rather (go) for a walk than do my homework.
10. Do you remember (ask) me about the lost pen?
1.3 Reading comprehension
1.3.1 Answer the questions.
1. What advantages does the freelancing offer you?
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2. What disadvantages are there in the freelancing?
3. What advantages does the office job have?
4. What are the disadvantages of the office job?
1.3.2 Think a bit and add some more advantages and disadvantages in the list
of the freelancing and the office job.
1.3.3 Write the summary of the text using the following phrases.
The text is named …
The text consists of three parts …
The author draws our attention to the fact that …
The text mainly deals with / covers / describes …
At the beginning of the text article the author writes / mentions / focuses on
/describes / states / defines / stresses / enumerates …
The author provides / gives the information on …
The author provides / gives the example of …
The author gives a detailed analysis of …
In the first paragraph / part …
In the second paragraph / part …
In the third paragraph / part …
Afterwards (formal) / Then / Next …
In addition …
Moreover …
To conclude / In the conclusion / To sum up (informal) …
At the end of the text / article …
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1.4 Listening
1.4.1 Pre-listening task: Read the definitions and match them with the
following words.
broadband, teleworking, video-conferencing, to distract, a commute, a memo, an
insight, to sacrifice, to telecommute, a promotion, a pay rise, a peer, a performance
evaluation, to bounce ideas off
a. a form of fast internet access that lets you send a lot of data over the internet;
b. a short official note that is sent by one person to another person or group of people
in the same company an insight;
c. an accurate and deep understanding;
d. an increase in the amount of money you receive at work;
e. an interview with an employee to ask them questions about how they're doing and
to find out how well they’ve been doing their job;
f. holding meetings over the internet using webcams;
g. people who are the same age as you / at the same job as you / m the same position
as you;
h. the action of promoting someone or something to a higher position or rank;
i. the journey to and from work every morning and evening;
j. this activity takes your attention away from it;
k. to give up (something valued) for the sake of other considerations;
l. to tell somebody your ideas in order to find out what he thinks of these ideas;
m. to work from home, making use of the Internet, email, and the telephone;
n. working from home.
1.4.2 Listen to the audio “The pros and cons of working from home” and
enumerate all the pros and cons of working from home mentioned there.
1.4.3 Write a number / word, etc. next to each statement.
1. The percentage of employers offering teleworking = …
2. The number of extra days that people who work from home do = …
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3. The percentage of workers who say they produce better quality work from home
= …
4. The boss at Yahoo who banned employees from working at home = …
5. The entrepreneur who saw this as a backward step = …
6. The number of Google employees who work from home, according to Patrick
Pichette = …
7. The name of the woman who’s worked as an advertising creative = …
1.4.4 Complete the retelling in written form as close to the text as possible.
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2 Unit 2 Choosing Between Career and Family
Text
How to Choose Between Career and Family
Traditionally, a woman will give up some or all of her career when she is
ready to start a family. It is still generally expected for the woman to take on the
lion’s share of the housework and the rearing of children. Of course, there are
exceptions and men become househusbands, but overall it is still seen as the
woman’s role. However, many women now also have high flying careers, which
they have worked very hard for, and do not feel comfortable having to give that up,
even in part. Is it really necessary to choose between career and family or can both
co-exist? If they can co-exist, then how do you manage the two? And if it has to be
one or the other, how do you make that decision?
This day and age, there can be two reasons for both parents, or in a single
parent household the only parent, having a career. The first reason is by choice, the
second is by necessity. Either way choosing to work when having a family does not,
in any way, make you a bad parent. It is unfortunate that having a career when having
a child means that the amount of time you spend with your child is significantly
reduced, but what truly matters is the quality of the time you spend with your child
when you are with them, as well as the quality of the childcare you arrange whilst
you are at work. There is a wealth of options available for working parents, such as
nurseries, playgroups, child minders or friends and family.
Try, as much as you can, to find childcare arrangements where your own
values and morals are respected an instilled on the child as well of course. Although
perhaps not ideal, as you will have less time to spend with your child, it is clearly
possible to have both a career and a family life. The focus should always be on
quality, not quantity – spending a little time with your child but that time being
meaningful is better than spending a lot of child with your child but not having an
impact on their lives.
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You may be the type of person that feels a career and a family do not mix and
that at least one parent should be at home with the children. For this, you should be
applauded, of course. Two main decisions need to be made first, being firstly the
decision between what is more important to you – having a career or having a family.
If you choose having a family, you will need to decide which one of the two parties
will need to give up their career.
The first decision then, is whether you want a family or a career. It can be very
hard to weigh these issues up against each other, as both can seem so important. Ask
yourself whether it is possible to put either on hold – could you wait for a few more
years before having a family? Could your career start again in a few years? It is not
so much a case of putting off the decision then, but it could potentially allow you to
have the best of both worlds. However, it is important to remember that if you
postpone having a family, you may find yourself in the exact same situation several
years later, when your career has advanced even further and you may find it even
harder to give it up. Of course, from a biological perspective, waiting to have
children cannot go on forever either.
Next, ask yourself why you want a career and why you want children? Do you
want a career because you have something to prove, or is it something you truly
enjoy and couldn’t do without? Do you want children because your biological clock
is ticking, or do you feel your life will not be complete without a child to love and
cherish?
Weigh up all these issues and try to determine what is the most important to
you and when, this can go a long way towards helping you make up your mind.
Once you have made a decision to have a family and to have one parent stay
at home, the time will come to decide which one of you needs to give up their career.
It would be very easy to say that the highest earner will continue to work, for
financial reasons of course. However, this is not always the best solution. It is
important to determine which one of the two enjoys their career the most and which
one feels most committed to furthering their career. Another aspect to consider,
potentially, is which career is most likely to develop further.
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It is also important what your views and values on child rearing are – perhaps
you feel it is the woman’s role to stay home with the family, in which case the
decision is also made. However, in this day and age, it is just as possible – although
still not common – for the man to become a househusband and stay home with the
children.
Whichever one of you decides to be the stay at home parent, it is important to
have some strong decisions about expectations in relation to the child rearing, just
as you would with a different child carer. You need to ensure that you both agree
wherever possible on how the child is being raised, even if you are the one
continuing their career. And you also need to make sure that the decision of who
continues with their career has been taken soundly. This means that you cannot at a
later stage resent that party for continuing on with their career whilst you had to stay
at home.
Another solution, if possible, is for parents to “take turns”, whereby one party
works for a few years and the other party works for another few years. Many
companies will now allow you to take a career break, meaning you will be able to
return on the working ladder even if you have been out of it for several years.
How to choose between career and family is very difficult and it depends on
a lot of factors. It is by no means impossible to have both a career and a family
anymore, although you do need to have a balance between the two: if both parties
work 70 hours a week, there will be no time left to look after the children. Of course,
there is a strong argument to saying that if you choose to have children, you choose
to take on that responsibility and in effect forfeit your rights to a career.
However, this is not always possible and certainly not necessary if you ensure
that the time you do have with your child or children is quality time and by making
sure that you have the best possible childcare available, that follows on your own
feelings and beliefs about child rearing. If you do feel the decision needs to be
exclusive: either a family, or a career – make sure you make a fully informed
decision and that you stand by this. Giving one of the two up needs to be a very
conscious choice.
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2.1 Vocabulary exercises
2.1.1 Transcribe and translate the following words and phrases.
A househusband, significantly, a nursery, a playgroup, to applaud, to postpone, to
cherish, child rearing, to take turns, to have a balance, to be committed, an
expectation.
2.1.2 Match words from 2 columns to form phrases from the text, find
sentences in which they were used.
1. conscious
a. argument
2. quality
b. arrangements
3. strong
c. carer
4. child
d. choice
5. financial
e. perspective
6. biological
f. reasons
7. childcare
g. share
8. lion’s
h. time
2.1.3 Find English equivalents to the following phrases from the text.
Создать семью, блестящая карьера, принять решение, семья с одним
родителем, воспитатель, ценности и мораль, влиять, отложить принятие
решения, биологические часы, самый высокооплачиваемый, утратить право, в
наши дни.
2.1.4 Fill in the gaps using the vocabulary list of the previous exercise.
Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. “You have turned ethics and … around, upside down, in this country,” Ms. Quinn
said at one point.
2. But sadly Bruce has relocated to London where he is carving out a … as a bar
operative.
3. By breaking the law, you have … to exist.
4. Eighty percent of the US’s 12m … are headed by mothers – and 40% live below
the poverty line.
5. I am not ready to get pregnant and … .
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