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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5320_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
.pdf
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286
Pharm Res 11
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Int J Pharm 213
Targeted Delivery of
Small and Macromolecular Drugs
J
Pharm Pharmacol 50
in human volunteers. J Control Release 52
stage renal failure. Intern Med 43
Targeted Delivery of Small and Macromolecular Drugs
Targeted Delivery of Small and Macromolecular Drugs, Boca
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 212
Pharmacology
39
-
Gut 32
prodrug approach. J Pharm Pharmacol 60
-
Drug Metab Dispos 33
Macromol Biosci
8
Biochem Soc Trans 18
-
J
Drug Target 8
J Pharm Pharmacol 53
Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul
1
Expert Opin Ther Pat 14
Drugs Pharm Sci 126
Int J Pharm 236
Expert Opin
Investig Drugs 15
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Organ-Specic Drug Delivery
287
J
Drug Target 16
J Am Soc Nephrol 16
Pharm Res 21
colon targeting. J Pharm Sci 98
Int J
Pharm 87
Pharm Res
12
-
J Control Release 95
administration to normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 54
Drug Dev Ind Pharm 14
Int J Pharm 300
JRAAS 5
Am J Nephrol
28
J Drug Target 15
J Control Release 102
Drug Metab Dispos 27
Biomaterials
30
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Part III
Dosage Forms
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16
Suspensions
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
On completion of this chapter, the students should be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
16.1 Introduction
Suspension is the dispersion of a solid in a liquid or gas. A pharmaceutical suspension is the dispersion
In addition to the use of aqueous pharmaceutical suspensions as drug products, suspensions are also
granulation.
16.2 Types of Suspensions
DOI: 10.1201/9781003389378-19
291
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Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
suspensions.
1. Oral suspensions
2. Topical suspensions
for oral administration.
3. Injectable suspensions
4. Otic suspensions
Rectal suspensions
-
ations for rectal suspensions are similar to oral suspensions.
6. Aerosols: Aerosols are suspensions of drug particles or solution in the air and are used for inhalceutical aerosols.
7. Liposomes and micro- / nanoparticles: Suspensions of liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules,
8. Vaccines
16.3 Powder for Suspension
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Suspensions
293
1. Unit dose PFS
2. Multidose PFS
16.4 Quality Attributes
1. Uniformity of content
2. Settling volume
3. Absence of particle size change and API crystal growth
suspensions.
4. Palatability
Resuspendability
6. Physical stability— absence of caking: Particles that do settle to the bottom of the container should
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Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
7. Deliverability-
-
tainer, reducing deliverable volume.
8. Flow
9. Lack of microbial growth
10. Physical integrity
11. Particle adhesion to the package
12. Polymorphic integrity
13. Chemical stability
14. Drug release-
tion on period Since the drug is present in a dispersed, particulate form in suspension, the release
suspension.
lotions
PFS are the same as those of a suspension
1. Fill amount-
sible to the amount listed on the label. For a unit dose container, the dispensable or deliverable
amount and the label amount are measured.
2. Reconstitution time
3. Uniformity of content
4. Physical and chemical stability
throughout the labeled shelf life under the labeled storage conditions.
16.5 Formulation Considerations
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Suspensions
1. Drug
2. Wetting agents
agents are surfactants that reduce the surface tension of an aqueous medium and facilitate the
3. Suspending agents
in situ
4. Flocculating agents
TABLE 16.1
Name
Cellulose derivatives
Anionic
Polymers
Carbomer Anionic
Povidone
Gums
Anionic
Carrageenan Anionic
Source: Ofner, C.M., Schnaare, R.I., Suspensions,
Ionic
Charge
Pharm/ Cont ent/ Docs/ PS/ 09_ Susp ensi ons.pdf, last accessed December 2016.
Typical Concentration
Range (% w/ w)
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