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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5320_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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366
FIGURE 20.2
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
tablets.
20.4.3 Types of Manufacturing Processes
three general processes are used for preparing granulation blends for compression:
• Direct compression
• Dry granulation or roller compaction
• Wet granulation
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Tablets
367
1 Direct compression
the required ingredients and compressing them into tablets on the press.
2 Dry granulation
Figure 20.3
3 Wet granulation
Figure 20.4
a Low or high- shear wet granulation:-
FIGURE 20.3
ion.com and
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368
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
FIGURE 20.4
b Fluid- bed granulation
4 Moisture- activated dry granulation
20.4.4 Packaging and Handling Considerations
resistant containers.
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Tablets
20.5 Evaluation of Tablets
369
characteristics:
20.5.1 Appearance
20.5.2 Uniformity of Content
All tablets must be demonstrated to contain the labeled active ingredient and there should be tablet- to-
20.5.3 Hardness
20.5.4 Friability
20.5.5 Weight Uniformity
the average are calculated and controlled during the manufacturing to ensure that the tablets contain the
20.5.6 Disintegration
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370
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
disintegration time
20.5.7 Dissolution
in vitro
characteristics of the tablets and sometimes also as a tool for in vitro– in vivo
release (in vitro) and drug absorption (in vivo). Dissolution tests provide a means of control in ensuring
20.6 Relationship Among Disintegration, Dissolution, and Absorption
).
of most products consists of a succession of rate processes, such as
•
•
•
FIGURE 20.5 Relationship among disintegration, dissolution, and drug absorption from an intact tablet.
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Tablets
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Review Questions
20.1
A
B Decrease in the surface area of the drug
C
D
20.2
A
B
C
D
E All of the above
F
20.3
A
B
C Cellulose acetate phthalate
D All of the above
E
20.4
A
B
C
D Consult a pharmacist for an alternative
A
B Rapid drug release
C Drug molecules are crushed
D Smooth tablets are produced
20.6
A
B Diluents
C
D Disintegrants
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372
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
20.7
A Decrease the crushing strength of tablets
B Increase tablet dissolution
C Increase tablet hardness
D Increase tablet disintegration
20.8
A Magnesium stearate
B Starch mucilage
C Fumed silica
D Isopropanol
20.9
sion operation.
A
B
20.10 -
cant, during the process of tablet compression.
A
B -
20.11
A
B
C
D
E
FURTHER READINGS
The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding
Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Systems
Modern
Pharmaceutics
Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical
Theory and Practice. 1st ed., Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
Remington: The Science
and Practice of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Unit Operations— Coating
-
J Pharm Sci 87(1
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21
Capsules
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
On completion of this chapter, the students should be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
21.1 Introduction
the composition of the gelatin shell, the capsules can be hard or soft gelatin capsules. Soft gelatin capsules
softgels
are intended for rectal or vaginal insertion as suppositories. Some soft gelatin capsules are intended
21.2 Hard Gelatin Capsules
DOI: 10.1201/9781003389378-24
373
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FIGURE 21.1
indicated.
TABLE 21.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Height of Locked
Size Designation Fill Volume (mL) Fill Volume (oz)
000 1.37 1/ 20 26.1 10.0
00 1/ 30 23.3
0 0.68 1/ 40 21.7 7.7
1 19.4 6.9
2 0.37 18.0 6.4
3 0.30 1/ 100
4 0.21 14.3
0.13 1/ 220 11.1 4.9
Capsule (mm) Outer Diameter (mm)
in gelatin solutions.
Figure 21.2.
•
•
-
ation (Figure 21.2b).
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Capsules
FIGURE 21.2
•
•
capsules, raised circular bands (dimples
•
21.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hard Gelatin Capsules
21.2.1.1 Comparison with Tablets
tablets. In addition, hard gelatin capsules can be used for blinding in clinical studies.
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