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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5320_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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TABLE 20.1 (Continued)
Basis of
Classication Type of Tablets
(DR), for
coated
Mode of
administration
the release of the drug from the
the acidic gastric environment
(e.g., peptides) or are irritating to
the gastric mucosa (e.g., aspirin)
Effervescent • Effervescent tablets are designed
Description and Special
Advantages
• Enteric- coated tablets are coated
does not dissolve under acidic
conditions.
dissolution.
for dispersion and/ or dissolution
• Effervescent tablets provide rapid
drug dissolution into solution
absorption upon administration.
Drug Substance Requirements
and Other Considerations
mechanism such as gastric
of time.
enteric coating are cellulose
acetate phthalate (CAP),
cellulose acetate trimellitate
®
• Drug should be soluble or
• Drug should be absorbed
through the stomach.
• Drug should be compatible
components of the dosage
form.
Physicochemical Principle
of Formulation Example
• Enteric- coated tablets
targeted drug release
• Aspirin
• In addition to the drug
tablets contain an acidic and
component can be tartaric
acid or succinic acid and
the basic component is
bicarbonate. In the presence
react, liberating carbon
disintegrates the tablets, and
produces effervescence.
effervescent buccal
tablet (to reduce
in cancer patients)
tablet (for relief of
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
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rate of drug dissolution, buccal
absorption, and/ or smooth
mouthfeel.
pediatric population.
Dispersible • Dispersible tablets are designed
for rapid dispersion in a spoonful
administration.
tablets designed for drug release
or other sharp taste.
or other sharp taste.
• Drug should not be bitter or have
other sharp taste.
• Drug should be soluble.
smooth tasting base such
as sorbitol or mannitol.
• Mannitol is sometimes
diluent, because it provides
a cooling sensation due to
its negative heat of solution
or coloring agents to improve
in the saliva.
disintegrating agents.
or coloring agents to improve
disintegrant.
ingredients and are designed
ution from surface.
coloring agents to improve
tablets
• Cough drops
Tablets
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20.2.2 Effervescent Tablets
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
20.2.3 Chewable Tablets
20.2.4 Buccal and Sublingual Tablets
20.2.5 Lozenges
20.2.6 Coated Tablets
•
•
•
•
•
•
to personnel handling the tablets
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Tablets
TABLE 20.2
Film Coating
Characteristics Sugarcoating
Coating material
composition
uncommon for prescription pharmaceuticals.
consumer products, such
as candies.
Using organic Solvent(s) Water- Based
and colorant (e.g., iron
the use of organic solvents
during the coating process.
().
called lm- coated tablets.
.
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360
TABLE 20.3
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Brand Names Manufacturer Active Ingredients Indications
Asthma
transcriptase inhibitor
®
Sinemet
®
®
®- 24 Chlorpheniramine
20.2.7 Enteric- Coated Tablets
®
Salbutamol Bronchospasm, asthma
Diclofenac sodium Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
Isradipine
arthritis
-
ventional immediate- release dosage forms.
®
20.2.8 Immediate- Release Tablets
20.2.9 Controlled Release Tablets
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Tablets
361
®) are
®
®
.
20.3 Tablet Formulation
excipients
•
•
•
formulations are listed in .
20.3.1 Diluents
diluents.
Figure 20.1). Mannitol has a negative heat of solution and, thus,
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362
TABLE 20.4
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Functional Role Examples Description and Functionality
Filler
• Mannitol
• Sorbitol
Binder
• Starch
Disintegrant • Croscarmellose sodium (CCS)
• Starch
• Magnesium stearate
• Stearic acid
Coating material
• glidant (e.g., talc)
Coloring agent
• Aspartame, saccharin sodium, sucralose, acesulfame
potassium
Flavoring agent • Flavoring to overcome drug taste and/
-
integration characteristics
granules for processing
• Disintegration of the tablet to granules
the surface of the compressed core
tablets
of tablets
20.3.2 Adsorbents
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Tablets
TABLE 20.5
363
A. Acetaminophen Tablets
Ingredient
Acetaminophen Drug
Sucrose 60 mg Filler
q.s. Binder
Stearic acid 6 mg
Corn starch 30 mg Disintegrant
Alginic acid 20 mg Disintegrant
B. Acetaminophen Tablets USP (Direct Compression)
70.00 Drug
Filler
0.36
100.00
FIGURE 20.1
J. Pharm. Sci
20.3.3 Granulating Fluid
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364
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
20.3.4 Binders
20.3.5 Glidants
20.3.6 Lubricants
20.3.7 Disintegrants
in vitro testing. Disintegrants help
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Tablets
dissolution of the drug.
into the center of the tablet.
binder, the latter is a superdisintegrant.
20.3.8 Miscellaneous
acesulfame potassium and saccharin sodium, are preferred because smaller quantities produce similar or
N,N,NN
20.4 Manufacturing of Tablets
20.4.1 Requirements for Tableting
Figure 20.2
•
•
•
•
•
20.4.2 Powder Flow and Compressibility
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