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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5320_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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206
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
10.4
A
B surface tension
C At the isoelectric point, the total number of positive charges is equal to the total number of
negative charges on a molecule
D All of the above
E
A Enlist three pharmaceutical applications of surfactants.
B
C
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
A Cetrimide
B
C
D
E Span 20
F
FURTHER READINGS
Aulton M.E. (Ed.) (1988) Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design
-
J Pharm
Sci 55
Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Press.
J Pharm Sci
8
Int J
Pharm 43
Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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11
Pharmaceutical Polymers
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
On completion of this chapter, the students should be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
-
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Water- Soluble Polymers
hydrogels
-
lose (CMC) sodium. Crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium are used as superdisintegrants in oral
11.1.2 Water- Insoluble Polymers
DOI: 10.1201/9781003389378-13
207
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208
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
enteric coating of tablets include cellulose acetate phthalate
®).
11.2 Definitions and Architectures of Polymers
repeating units, the
Figure 11.1
repeating unit
22 n
monomerspolymeriza-
tion
FIGURE 11.1
32 22 23
−− −−
n
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Pharmaceutical Polymers
209
FIGURE 11.1 Continued
an oligomer
End groups:
CH [CHCH] CH CH
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210
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
Homopolymers-
bone. Heteropolymers or heterochain polymers
copolymer
Figure 11.2
⚪) and B (⚫multiblock
⚪⚫) diblock
possibilities include ABA (⚪⚫⚪) or BAB (⚫⚪⚫) triblock-
Star polymers
emanating from a core structural unit. Comb polymers
Dendrimersstarburst or
cascade polymers
FIGURE 11.2
M
nM nM nM
nnn
nM
n
ii
i
+++
+++
∑
∑
123
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Pharmaceutical Polymers
211
FIGURE 11.3
Figure 11.3
11.3 Polymer Molecular Weight and Weight Distribution
number
average molecular weight, Mn
n1, n2, n3
M1, M2, M3
11 22 33
=
n
=
On the other hand, measurement techniques such as light scattering produce a response that depends
M
nM nM nM
nM
ii
ii
+++
∑
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212
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
M .
11222233
=
w
nM nM nM
+++
11 22 33
2
=
2
nM
∑
11.4 Biodegradability and Biocompatibility
of accumulation.
-
logical conditions.
tissues, often in a sustained- release dosage form for drug release and action over a prolonged period.
®®®,
®, and Capronor®.
11.5 Physicochemical Properties and Solubility
⚪
and • in Figure 11.2
Figure 11.4
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Pharmaceutical Polymers
FIGURE 11.4
213
11.6 Block Copolymers
Pluronic ® or Poloxamer-
•
•
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214
FIGURE 11.5
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery
FIGURE 11.6
11.7 Intelligent or Stimuli- Sensitive Polymers
intelligent, stimuli- sensitive, or stimuli- responsive
and becomes stiffer. Figure 11.6
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Pharmaceutical Polymers
of the functional groups, and the strength of their interactions determine the macroscopic response of
a reversible or irreversible phase transformation from a single- phase solution to a biphasic precipitated
solvent interactions.
11.7.1 pH- Responsive Polymers
+ and A,
+
or precipitation.
• Sustained drug delivery
• pH- triggered drug release
N
• Tumor tissue targeting-
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