Теоретико-правовые основы оперативно-розыскной деятельности таможенных органов Российской Федерации. Монография
.pdf
ɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɈɊɆ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɉ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɨɣ, ɢɡ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟ- ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɹɯ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɫɟɤɚɬɶ ɢɯ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɢ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɣ – ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ1, ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɈɊȾ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɊɎ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɭɝɪɨɡɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɈɊȾ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ2 ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɊȾ3.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
1 ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɚɯ 2 ɢ 3 ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɸ.
2 ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɟɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ.
3 ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɦ.: Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɘ. Ɉ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɚɡɵɫɤ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɆȼȾ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ʋ 12, 2010. – ɋ. 90–94.
41
ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ:
–ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ- ɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ;
–ɨɛɦɟɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ;
–ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɢɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɦɟɫɬ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɛɚɡ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ – ɱɥɟɧɵ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ, ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɊɎ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ, ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɝɨ (ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ, ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɊɎ), ɧɨ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧ-
ɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɊȾ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ:
–ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɈɊȾ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ;
–ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɈɊɆ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɈɊɆ;
–ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɥɢɰ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟ-
42
ɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ.
ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ (ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɊɎ) ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ:
–ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
–ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɢɥ
ɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ;
–ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɥɢɰ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ;
–ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɫ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ1.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɊɎ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ2.
Ɍɚɤ, ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɜɲɢɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɧɚ 2 ɱɚɫɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɟ ɡɨɧ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɧɢɯ. Ɉɛɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɚɤɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬ ɩɨɮɨɪɦɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ, ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɸɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɭ.
Ɍɨɜɚɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɨɡɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ,
1 Ɉɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɦ.: Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ. ɋɬ. 110, ɩ. 12; ɫɬ. 122. Ƚɥɚɜɚ 19.
2 ɋɦ.: Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ. ɋɬ. 96, 98, 99.
43
ɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3 ɥɟɬ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɥɟɬ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ (ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ).
ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɫɬ. 110 ɌɄ Ɍɋ, ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɚɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɜɵɟɡɞɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ (ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ) ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ1.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ; ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɭ ɥɢɰ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɦ (ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦ) ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ; ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ (ɡɚɩɪɨɫ) ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɥɢɰɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɱ. 4 ɫɬ. 132 ɌɄ Ɍɋ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ, ɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɈɊɉ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ2.
1 ɋɦ.: Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ. ɋɬ. 122, 132.
2 ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦ.: Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɘ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ // ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. Ɇ.: ɊɂɈ ɊɌȺ, 2008.– ɋ. 40–49.
44
ɋ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɌɄ Ɍɋ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɥɟɝɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɵ (ɫɦ. ɫɬ. 133). Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ). ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɭɞɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɡɚɩɟɪɬɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɵɯ1, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɈɊȾ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɲɢɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɧɢɦ2. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɈɊȾ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ, ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɊɎ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɭ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɊȾ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɈɊȾ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ3 – ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
1 Ɂɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
2 ɋɦ.: Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ «Ɉ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ɨɬ 7.04.2010 ɝ. ʋ 60-ɎɁ.
3 ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ.
45
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɊɨɫɫɢɢ, ɢɦɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɈɊɆ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩ. 1–14 ɫɬ. 6 ɎɁɨɛɈɊȾ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɈɊɆ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɪɨɫ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɤ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɈɊɆ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɟɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɈɊɆ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ1.
ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ2 ɬɨɜɚɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɩɟɱɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ3, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ, ɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɜɨɡɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɈɊɆ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɈɊɆ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ ɭɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ, ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɥɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪ, ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɈɊɆ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɫɨ-
1 Ⱦɢɤɬɨɮɨɧɵ, ɜɢɞɟɨɤɚɦɟɪɵ, ɪɚɞɢɨɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ., ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
2 Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡ. – ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɈɊɆ ɢɬɪɢ – ɞɥɹɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɢɥɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ (ɞɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣɢɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ).
3 ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨ-ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɎɌɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
46
ɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ, ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɈɊȾ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ (ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɨɛɦɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɧɟɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ); ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ (ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ) ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ; ɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ (ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ) ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ (ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ), ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɈɊȾ ɞɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɭɞ1, ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ2.
Ʉɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢ ɈɊȾ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɵɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ3. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ:
–ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɵɫɤɧɨɣ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ;
–ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɭ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɈɊȾ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (1918–1995 ɝɝ., ɛɨɥɟɟ 75 ɥɟɬ), ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɵɫɤɧɨɣ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɈɊȾ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɢɥɢɰɢɢ;
–ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ «ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɶ» ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɜ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ;
1 ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɆȼȾ ɊɎ / ɎɋȻ ɊɎ / ɎɋɈ ɊɎ / ɎɌɋ / ɋȼɊ ɊɎ / Ɏɋɂɇ ɊɎ /ɎɋɄɇ ɊɎ ɨɬ 17.04.2007 ɝ. ʋ 368 / 185 / 164 / 481 / 32 / 184 / 97 / 147.
2 ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨɛ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɦ.: Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ.ɘ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ: Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. Ɇ.: ɊɂɈ ɊɌȺ, 2007. Ƚɥɚɜɚ 3.
3 ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɦ.: ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ 2 ɝɥɚɜɵ 1 ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
47
–ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɈɊȾ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ (ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɜɱɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ);
–ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɈɊȾ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɭ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚ- ɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɈɊȾ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɩɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ1, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɜ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɵɫɤɧɨɣ (ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɎɋȻ, ɆȼȾ, ɎɋɄɇ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ., ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚ- ɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɦɢɡɚɞɚɱ.
ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɈɊȾ. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɟ-
1 ɉɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɎɌɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 01.08.2011 ɝ. ʋ 1570 ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɎɌɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɭɝɪɨɡ) ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɎɌɋ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɣ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ (ɩɪɢɦ. ɚɜɬɨɪɚ).
48
ɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɢ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɵ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ, ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨ-ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɊɎ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɫɤɚ: ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɈɊȾ.
ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ
ɢɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɈɊȾ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɊɎ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɈɊȾ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ
ɢɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ɗɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ1 ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɢ «ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ» ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡ-
1 ȼ ɬ.ɱ. ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
49
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ1, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɪ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ:
1.ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ (ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɯ ɈɊȾ) ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ: ɩɟɪɜɚɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɢ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɵɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
2.ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɭɝɪɨɡɚɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɯ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɈɊɉ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ (ɫ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ) ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ (ɫ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ) ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɈɊȾ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɊɎ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɈɊȾ.
3.ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɈɊȾ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ (ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ) ɷɬɚɩɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ:
– ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɊɉ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ;
– ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɢɥ
ɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ;
–ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɥɢɰ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ;
–ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɵɫɤɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɫ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚ-
1 Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɵɫɤɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ (ɩɪɢɦ. ɚɜɬɨɪɚ).
50