Профессионально ориентированный перевод. Учебное пособие [для студентов специальности 45.05.01 «Перевод и переводоведение», специализации «Профессиона
.pdfShould he come, ask him to wait for me. Если вдруг он придет,
попроси его меня подождать.
Were he here, he would help us. Если бы он был здесь, он бы помог
нам.
Had he known it, he would never have done it. Если бы он это знал,
он бы не сделал этого никогда.
PRACTICAL ASSIGNEMENT
1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1.If the investigation is thoroughly conducted, the results obtained will be more precise.
2.If my friend had free time next week, he would probably help us.
3.If there is a profit, it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.
4.He will have got all the necessary equipment if he joins the expedition.
5.Had the checking up of the experimental data not taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.
6.In case we used this method of solving the problem, we could receive the precise result.
7.Unless the scientists had developed atomic clocks, we wouldn`t have had so accurate standard of time.
8.Unless the accuracy of the optical clocks developed by Russian scientists had been still greater, the atomic clocks would have been the most accurate now.
9.If the standard meter of the world had been made on a gold or silver-alloy bar, it shouldn`t have been so accurate.
10.If any law of physics were wrong, this should cause a change in our standards of length and time.
11.Unless you do it well, you will always get wrong results.
12.If the temperature of the air were too low, the length of the standard should decrease.
13.If the temperature and the humidity of air change, the standard will not be accurate enough.
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14.If you compare these two forces, you will see that the difference is negligible.
15.The relations would be represented by symbols provided the algebraic method were used.
16.There would not have been any problems now provided this problem had been considered properly at our last meeting.
17.If you modify the conditions, you will obtain better results.
18.Unless there are no mistakes in your tests, you will get an excellent mark.
19.He couldn`t solve this problem unless he knew this equation.
20.These two forces would not constitute a couple unless they were equal in amount and opposite in direction.
2.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1.Если условия изменятся, они прекратят эксперимент.
2.Если меня пригласят на вечеринку, я приду со своим другом.
3.Если я узнаю его номер телефона, я обязательно ему позвоню.
4.Если мы встретимся завтра, мы обязательно навестим своих школьных друзей.
5.Если бы у меня было время вчера, мы бы сходили к научному руководителю вместе.
6.Я поговорю с ним, если у меня будет шанс.
7.В случае если я увижу его, я без сомнения расскажу ему все о происшедшем.
8.Секретарь помог бы вам, если бы у вас возникли трудности.
9.Если мы не учтем ускорение, описание движения не будет
точным.
10.Если мы не сделаем этого допущения, результат будет
неверным.
11.Если бы у меня было больше времени, я бы занимался
спортом.
12.Если бы он был свободен завтра, мы могли бы поехать за
город.
13.Если бы мы попали на поезд в 10.30, мы бы приехали слишком рано.
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14.Если материалы не будут готовы, мы не сможем начать исследование.
15.Если бы меня пригласили на научную конференцию, я бы выступил/а с интересным докладом.
16.Если бы мы встретились вчера, мы бы сходили в театр.
17.Если бы мне предложили работу прошлым летом, я бы ее приняла с удовольствием.
18.Если бы я была на твоем месте, я бы постаралась сделать все возможное, чтобы помочь ему.
19.Если бы договор был подписан во время, это здание было бы уже построено.
20.Если бы я знал/а на прошлой неделе, что ты болеешь, я бы навестил/а тебя.
21.Если бы у меня были деньги, я бы поехал/а в Англию совершенствовать мой английский.
22.Я бы был очень благодарен, если бы вы послали мне эту книгу как можно быстрее.
3. Проанализируйте и переведите текст. MODERN HIGHWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
British modern highways are classified according to average daily flow. There are three groups of the roads: Class I, Class II and unofficial. Class I roads are arterial roads radiating from London to far parts of the country and joining big cities. Class II roads are a little less important than arterial ones. Unofficial roads include agricultural and foot tracks. Each highway of the first two classes has a different number, which appears on all signposts and two carriage-ways with some traffic lanes.
One of the main important roads is the M25. It is the motorway around London opened in 1986. Today people call it the biggest car park in Europe. Every morning on the radio we hear about jams, and road repairs, and races, and which parts of the M25 to avoid. One day we will hear “There is a traffic jam all way round the M25 in both directions. If you are driving to work, we advise you to go back home”.
5 000 people a year are killed on British roads, and 40 000 are injured. For children, road accidents are a major cause of death.
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Cities and towns all over the world have a huge problem, and no government really knows what to do. For once it is not a matter of technology which is stopping us. If we want to build two-level roads, we can do it. If we want trains which can travel at hundreds of miles an hour, we can build them.
The problem is a question of principle. Should we look to road or rail for our transport needs? Should the Government, or private companies, control them? And either way, who should pay?
Cars are symbols of freedom, wealth, and masculinity. But you are stuck in a traffic jam; all cars are just little metal boxes to sit in. The people who believe in roads say that cars represent a personal choice to travel when and where you want to. But on trains and buses – public transport – you have to travel when the timetable says you can. These people think that if you build more roads, the traffic will move more quickly, but research shows that if there are more roads, there will be more cars to fill them.
By 2015, the number of cars on the roads will double. Environmentalists are saying that we should put more money into public transport. Cars often carry just one person. If the public transport system works, more people will use it. If trams carry more people, the roads won’t be so crowded, and cars pollute the air more than trains.
By 2025, just to park all cars in Britain will need an area larger than London. Soon we won’t be able to move another inch; we’ll have to stay exactly where we are. So, if you are going to become a driver, do not forget about this thing.
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UNIT 13
ЭМФАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБОРОТ И ЕГО ПЕРЕВОД
1.Если хотят выделить какой-нибудь член предложения
(подлежащее, дополнение, обстоятельство), то его ставят в начале предложения между it is(was) и that (who, whom) и на русский язык переводят со словом именно, только. Например, если в предложении I met his friends at the University yesterday (Я встретил его друзей в университете вчера), надо выделить подлежащее I, т. е. подчеркнуть, что именно я, а не кто иной встретил его друзей, то подлежащее I
ставится между It was и that(who):
It was I that (who) met his friends at the University. Именно я
встретил его друзей вчера в университете.
Если надо выделить дополнение, то his friends ставится между It was (that). Например:
It was his friends that (whom) I met at the University yesterday.
Именно его друзей я встретил в университете вчера.
Подобным образом выделяем обстоятельство времени:
It was yesterday that I met his friends at the University. Именно вчера
явстретил его друзей в университете.
2.При помощи оборота it is… that можно выделить придаточное предложение. При переводе такого предложения на русский язык используются слова только (после того как). Например:
It was after he had presented the report at the conference that the material was published. Только после того как он представил доклад на конференции, материал доклада был опубликован.
3.Следует обратить внимание на перевод оборота not until/till, который переводится на русский утвердительным, а не отрицательным
(как в английском языке) предложением. Например:
It was not until/till June that we succeeded to pass the examinations.
Только в мае нам удалось сдать экзамены.
It was not until we passed the exam we received the documents.
Только когда мы сдали экзамен, мы получили документы.
4. Оборот it is… since служит для выделения обстоятельства времени, обозначающего продолжительность действия (for two hours,
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for one year, etc). При переводе на русский язык обычно используются слова уже… как. Например:
It is two months since I work at my diploma work. Уже два месяца
как я работаю над дипломной работой.
PRACTICAL ASSIGNEMENT
1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1.It is with the help of radio that we receive information from the
satellites.
2.It was in 1869 that Mendeleyev published his Periodic Table.
3.It was the Russian scientist Lodygin that (who) invented the electric lamp.
4.It was our country that liberated Europe from fascism during World
War II.
5.It was yesterday that we discussed the plan of our work.
6.It was Yuri Gagarin who started the era of cosmic flights.
7.It was in 1957 when the first satellite was launched in our country.
8.It was the Londoners that used a new way of travel.
9.It was in 1863 that Londoners used the underground for the first
time.
10.It was on April 26, 1755 that the opening of Moscow University
took place.
11.It was these problems that wrecked the country`s economy in
1998.
12.It is this coincidence that makes the theory so very (столь) dangerous and confusing (вводить в заблуждение).
13.It is the simplicity of these devices that allows them to be
automated.
14.It is the physical property of the substance that is known to attract attention of scientists.
15.It is ten years since we have been learning English.
16.It is hydrogen, one of the elements composing water that attracts attention of scientists in the whole world.
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17.It is this kind of investigation and presentation of results that can be invaluable in pointing the direction for the future development of the whole industry.
18.It is carelessness that allows losses to be greater.
19.It is a difficulty that to be avoided wherever possible.
20.It is for this reason that cement is widely used as a building material in large-scale construction.
21.It was not until 1781 that Emerson invented the process of direct fusion of metals to produce a copper-zinc alloy we call brass.
22.It is not unlikely, however, that this technique will be successful.
23.Radioactive phenomena occur within the nucleus and it is here that mass and positive charge reside.
2.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1.Только мой друг смог помочь мне.
2.Именно этот прибор был использован в нашем эксперименте.
3.Только несколько дней назад мы обсудили наше расписание.
4.Именно эту книгу следует нам купить.
5.Только летом мы смогли отдохнуть.
6.Уже три года, как мы учимся в Воронежском архитектурно-
строительном университете.
7.Именно вольтметр должен быть использован для измерения этой величины.
8.Именно материал этой лекции нам следует тщательно проработать.
9.Только в этих условиях можно достичь хороших результатов.
10.Именно в Воронежском государственном архитектурностроительном университете учился мой друг.
11.Только после того как она успешно сдала вступительные экзамены, ее приняли в аспирантуру.
12.Только в сентябре мы получили дипломы об окончании
курсов.
13.Уже десять лет, как я учу английский язык.
14.Именно наш преподаватель помог нам решить это уравнение.
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15.Только в 1850 году Джоуль измерил механический эквивалент тепла.
16.Только в 1955 году был открыт этот закон.
17.Именно в этом отношении эта теория отличается от теории,
которая была представлена.
18. Именно благодаря радио люди получают информацию,
собранную спутниками на границах космоса.
19.Именно весом воздуха объясняется атмосферное давление.
20.Именно City Hall в Нью-Йорке представляет прекрасный пример ранней федеральной архитектуры.
3. Проанализируйте и переведите текст. NEW YORK
by Mitreille Vautier
New York defies description. You can say anything about it and always be right; if you listen to different people talking about it, they could each be describing a different town. For some, it’s a center of art, music and theater; for others, a city of finance and politics. For manufacturers it’s a bottomless market, for safe-crackers, Ali Baba’s cave.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century Manhattan was mostly swamp – so unhealthy that there was an epidemic of yellow fever, a disease more often associated with tropical regions. While the fine residential streets of London and the grand boulevards of Paris were being built, chickens were scratching around the muddy streets of New York. Rickety shacks housed people – and pigs; it wasn’t until 1867 that a municipal decree was passed, forbidding people to let their pigs run freely through the streets. Although rich ship-owners and financiers were building luxurious hotels and mansions, the newly arrived immigrants lived in disgusting slums. Buildings were divided and subdivided to accommodate as many people as possible; some even collapsed under the weight of extra storeys hastily added on. People lived in tenements which were nothing more that rows of dark cages: no lighting, running water or windows. According to police reports of the time, children died simply from lack of fresh air. Fires and diseases were a part of normal life.
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In 1875 the population of New York was one million; twenty five years later it was over three and a half million. New inventions were developed to deal with the population expansion. At breakneck speed New York covered itself with trains, suspension bridges, elevated railways, steamboats, and then skyscrapers. The first skyscraper was put up in 1888. It had only thirteen storeys, but the next had twenty two, the Empire State Building had 102, and now the World Trade Center has reached 110. Manhattan solved the space problem by building up. But although the population of New York has stabilized, the city continues to construct itself.
Statistics are impressive. New York City has five boroughs and shelters roughly eight million people – sixteen million if you include the suburbs. But each day the city fills up with another four million who work here but live somewhere else. The subway uses 7,000 cars to transport five million people each day. New Yorkers produce 3 kg of garbage per day – that represents 200,000 tons to collect every day from 9,000 km of streets and avenues. The police force employs 25,000 officers – the equivalent of the population of Monaco. It’s not surprising that being a mayor of New York is supposed to be the most difficult job in the world.
New York is not a city; it is a world of many cities which crowd together. There are business cities which die each day at five o’clock, neon pleasure cities where bars and cinemas shelter noisy crowds, middle-class cities with elegant street lighting and sad cities where no trees grow. New York is all of these and more.
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UNIT 14
СОЮЗЫ, СОЮЗНЫЕ СЛОВА, НАРЕЧИЯ И ИХ ПЕРЕВОД.
УСЛОВНЫЕ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ
1. При переводе необходимо обращать внимание на некоторые союзы, союзные слова и наречия, которые в зависимости от места расположения в предложении переводятся по-разному.
Союз whether соответствует русскому «ли», если он вводит придаточное дополнительное предложение. Перевод такого предложения следует начинать с глагола-сказуемого, помещая за ним частицу «ли». Например:
It is not clear whether the agreement will be signed in time. Еще не ясно, будет ли соглашение пописано вовремя.
Часто whether переводится будь то. Например:
In any element whether it is copper or gold electrons are always in motion. В любом элементе, будь то медь или золото, электроны находятся в движении.
Иногда whether переводится как «независимо от». Например:
The procedure is applicable whether the product is pure or contaminated by impurities. Эта методика применима независимо от
того является ли этот продукт чистым или содержит примеси (загрязненным).
Союз once — подчинительный союз и переводится раз уж,
стоит только как:
Once the contract is violated, the party at fault becomes liable to pay damages. Раз уж договор нарушается, виновная сторона обязана возместить убытки.
Союз whereas в одних случаях переводится как тогда как, а в других случаях он переводится принимая во внимание, поскольку, так как. Например:
Whereas upon examination the machines were found to be in good order, we expect you to act as it was provided by the contract. Поскольку
при осмотре было обнаружено, что машины исправны, мы полагаем, что вы будете действовать так, как было предусмотрено договором.
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