Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие
.pdfIII. Прочитав ситуации, перепишите предложения, исполь-
зуя модальный глагол should (do), should (have done), should (be doing). Переведите предложения, используя слова "следует", "следовало бы":
Образец: a) The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Mark is driving at 50. => He shouldn’t be driving too fast.
b)When we got to the restaurant there were no free tables. We hadn’t reserved one. => We should have reserved one.
1.It’s very cold. Mr. Taylor, who has been ill recently, is walking along the road without a coat.
2.I went to Paris. Mark lives in Paris but I didn’t go to see him when I was there. When I saw him later, he said: "You ...
3.The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30. It is 9 o’clock but the shop isn’t open.
4.The driver in front stopped suddenly without warning and I drove into the back of his car. It wasn’t my fault.
5.The accident happened because Tom was driving on the wrong side of the road.
6.The children normally go to bed at 10 o’clock. It is now
10.30.They are not in bed; they are watching television.
7.Mary sold her house. That was a mistake because now she spends a lot of money to rent an apartment.
IV. Переведите предложения с глаголом would в качестве модального:
1.Would you wait for me for a minute?
2.He would not say where he had picked up the information.
3.That would be her cat.
4.He would sooner die than surrender.
5.The fireman tried again but the door would not open.
6.He would like to speak to you.
7.Who would have thought of it!
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V.Переведите на русский язык предложения с глаголом would, выражающим повторяющееся действие в прошлом:
1.When we were children, we lived by the sea. In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early and go for a swim.
2.The cinema is nearly always empty now. I remember a few years ago it would be crowded every night.
3.Every week he would buy his mother a bunch of roses.
4.Whenever John was angry, he would just walk out of the room.
5.He would spend all days locked in his room.
6.From time to time a large rock would roll down into the valley.
7.Some people would pass by common things without notice.
VI. Перепишите предложения дважды, употребляя сослагательное наклонение:
Образец: Her English is good, so she reads English books in the original. =>
a)If my English were good I would read English books in the original.
b)If my English had been good I would have read English books long ago.
1.She goes to the library two times a week, so she reads a lot.
2.Her spelling is good, so she gets excellent marks for her composition.
3.He goes to bed early, so he is never late for his classes.
4.They use computers, so they finish their work in time.
5.They work more slowly, so they don’t make so many mistakes.
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6.His ambition is to become a manager of a large building company, so he decided to enter Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
7.The students attend lectures on different subjects and have practical hours, so they carry out laboratory tests successfully.
VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на использование should и would в сослагательном наклонении:
1.It is curious that the Mexican Indians should have employed concrete in their buildings.
2.He insisted that the construction works should be continued.
3.The plan was that the specialists should provide airconditioning of the building.
4.Within what period of time would you be able to finish this pavilion?
5.The idea of "pseudo concrete" would have been borrowed from the ancient Greeks.
6.But for timber piles, the Romans wouldn’t have built roads.
7.It is necessary that the equipment should be repaired as soon as possible.
VIII. Напишите предложения, используя сослагательное наклонение. Постройте цепочки:
If ... hadn’t done ... wouldn’t have done.
1.The ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone => constructed stone buildings => erected huge pyramids => became famous throughout the world.
2.The workers dug the excavation for the basement => The excavator bucket suddenly stopped => They saw many construction fragments => The scientists found out an ancient town.
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IX. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык следующие пословицы, содержащие глаголы should и would. Придумайте с ними короткие истории:
1.People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
2.I should like to sink through the floor.
3.Love should not be all on one side.
4.If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun.
5.He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.
6.Do as you would be done by.
7.If each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city.
X. Напишите предложения по образцам:
а) I think ... should
b) I don't think ... should
We have to get up early tomorrow (to go home now). → I think we should go home now.
1.That jacket is too big for you (buy it).
2.The hotel is too expensive for us (stay there).
3.Jim doesn't need a car (sell it).
4.You need a rest (have a holiday).
5.John and Jane are too young (get married).
6.James is not well today (go to a doctor).
7.Mary looks tired (work hard).
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16. ИНФИНИТИВ И ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ
I.Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо. Учитывайте определённые глаголы и модальные глаголы, после которых инфинитив употребляется без to:
1.I’d like ... help them, but I would rather ... wait for a while.
2.I think I will be able ... answer that question, but you had better ... ask someone else.
3.They heard him ... leave the room.
4.The school-children must ... be playing in the yard now, so make them ... continue their studies at school.
5.I want ... be informed of their arrival, so let me ... know about it as soon as possible.
6.He should ... have gone to the doctor.
7.The scientist is known ... have been working on this problem for two years.
II.Определите форму инфинитива в действительном и страдательном залоге, переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.I don’t want to be staying in the room.
2.She likes to write long letters
3.I am glad to have done this work.
4.We know her to have been living here for two years.
5.I am glad to have been told about that.
6.Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.
7.This meeting must have been held this month.
III.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на раз-
личие в переводе форм Indefinite Infinitive Active и Perfect Infinitive Active:
1.I am happy to meet him.
2.The children are very delighted to have visited the Zoo.
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3.They intend to start their work immediately.
4.The boys were sorry to have broken the window.
5.They expect to finish the work in time.
6.The team hopes to win the game.
7.My friend must have forgotten about it.
IV. Обратите внимание на перевод Indefinite Infinitive Passive и Perfect Infinitive Passive:
1.They were glad to have been invited to the scientific conference.
2.He is a very absent-minded student but he doesn’t like to be reminded of this.
3.Some important decisions on the educational problems must be made soon.
4.This is the text to be translated by the students without a dictionary.
5.We were pleased to be informed of the successful results of our research work.
6.I had a great desire to be taken to the expedition.
7.My partner was content to have been offered to deliver lectures on Economics.
V.Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива:
1.He plans (to work) on his report for a month.
2.We came into the laboratory and saw them (to carry out) the test.
3.Everybody knows the research experiment (to do) by him already.
4.They are happy (to discuss) the problem all day long.
5.The student hoped (to pass) exam successfully.
6.(to speak) English regularly is useful.
7.This is the theme (to speak) of.
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VI. Определите соответствующую функцию инфинитива (подлежащее, часть сказуемого, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство). Переведите предложения:
1.To know a foreign language well you must study hard.
2.My friend asked me to help him.
3.Our task was to do the laboratory work.
4.They began to learn Descriptive Geometry last year.
5.This is the exercise to be done at home.
6.To complete higher education is his ambition.
7.To be instructed by such a highly-qualified specialist was a great luck.
VII. Выразите мысль двух предложений одним простым предложением, используя "Объектный падеж с ин-
финитивом":
1.Concrete has been applied as a structural material since the earliest days. The builders know ...
2.The new tenants have been shown their flats ready for occupation. They reported ...
3.This group of designers has been carrying out a new project for a month already. We think ...
4.The building team has used a new method of construction. The chief engineer approved it.
5.The students have their practice on the construction site. I knew that.
6.The builders were assembling a new multi-storey residential building. We watched it.
7.Main building materials are used for bearing structures. We suppose ...
VIII. Замените данные сложноподчинённые предложения предложением с оборотом "Именительный падеж с инфинитивом":
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Образец: It is believed that the building team has already finished its work. => The building team is believed to have already finished its work.
1.It is expected that the book will be published next year.
2.It is reported that the new power station will be put into operation next month.
3.It seems that our engineers have been dealing with this building material for a long time.
4.It is known that this method of construction has been invented by our specialists.
5.It is said he is the best architect in our city.
6.It is likely that he is working on a new project now.
7.It is expected that the new sports centre will be completed in two years.
IX. Найдите в следующих предложениях конструкцию "for + сущ./мест. + инфинитив". Затем переведите их на русский язык:
1.It is for you to decide.
2.It seemed strange for them to be late.
3.It is natural for an engineer to plan every detail of a house.
4.There was not enough time for the building team to complete the construction on time.
5.There is urgent need for the scientist to carry out a number of experiments.
6.It is necessary for the students to attend lectures and seminars regularly.
7.It was important for the building materials to be delivered in time.
X.Переведите на английский язык, используя различные формы инфинитива и инфинитивные обороты:
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1.Говорят, что проект этого многоэтажного здания будет лучшим в нашем городе.
2.Строить быстро и экономно – цель наших строителей.
3.Мы видели, как кран поднимает большие бетонные панели.
4.Он счастлив, что раньше он уже работал на стройке.
5.Предполагалось, что этот дом будет построен к концу года.
6.Кажется, что этот жилой комплекс возводится уже четыре месяца.
7.Важно, чтобы вы приняли участие в разработке нового типа бетона.
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17.ПРИЧАСТИЕ И ПРИЧАСТНЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ
I. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия в предложении (PI и
PII):
1.People borrowing books from the library must return them in time.
2.The number of Comprehensive Schools in UK is rather great and it is constantly growing.
3.The Underground is becoming much cleaner and brighter and therefore pleasant to use, carrying more passengers than at any time in its long history.
4.Having dried the bricks in the sun, the ancient Egyptians put up four walls, and above these they placed a flat roof.
5.Having been built long ago, the building is a specimen of ancient art.
6.Russian monasteries had large libraries and well-equipped book-making shops.
7.Modern languages being taught at Universities include English, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese and others.
II.Дополните предложения причастием І (Non-perfect Active) в функции определения. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
Образец: This team will play in the Olympics in special uniforms. => The team playing in the Olympics will wear special uniforms.
1.The sign reads: "Please don’t feed the animals!" => Visitors
... the animals have occasionally been injured.
2.John plans to be a civil engineer. => People ... to be civil engineers should enter civil engineering colleges.
3.My apartment faces the south. => Apartments ... the south get more sunlight.
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