Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

Tall building I’m sure we should be making provision for emergency simultaneous (одновременная) evacuation,

X.Переведите данный текст на русский язык. Найдите в тексте сложноподчинённые и сложносочинённые предложения. Определите вид придаточного предложения:

Freedom Tower to be world’s safest

Since the 11 September 2001 aircraft attacks on the WTC in New York, there has been an acceleration of research into a fire resistance, which is now giving a better understanding of how structures respond and how building services affected.

New York leading investigator admits that NYST still has a lot of work to do to clarify the exact mechanism of the collapse

of WTC.

Controversy (полемика) still surrounds the exact collapse mechanism of the Twin Towers, despite detailed investigation is done of NYST.

Some engineers believe the collapse was influenced by factors other than the fires caused by burning aviation fuel which weakened vital structural steel elements.

In the latest version, NYST believes "the hat trusses" on top of the towers played a crucial role in the redistribution of stresses after the impact, and helped the upper storeys of the towers to stand up after the aircraft impacts.

And while investigators determine why and how the WTC Twin Towers came down, designers are redeveloping the site of the collapsed WTC towers to construct a safer high-rise building.

"The Freedom Tower will be the safest high-rise office building ever constructed and serve as an exemplar" its developer has claimed.

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12. СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЁН. КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

I.Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного:

Образец: He says they have made good progress in English. He said they had made good progress in English.

1.My friend says that she is a third-year student.

2.The students say that it was not easy to study a foreign language.

3.The teacher informs us that we must be ready for our English test.

4.The girl announces that all her friends can speak one or two foreign languages.

5.Oleg says that in a day or two several Englishmen will come to their school and he will probably have to work as an interpreter.

6.The teacher says that the students didn’t make any bad mistakes in their test-paper.

7.The pupil says that he has done this exercise.

II.Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена по правилу согласования времён:

Present Simple → Past Simple

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Simple → Past Perfect

Future Simple → Future-in-the Past

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Образец: She knows English very well. (I supposed ...) I supposed she knew English very well.

1.He doesn’t know German at all. (I found out ...)

2.She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad ...)

3.My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt ...)

4.She will pass all the entrance examinations successfully. (Her mother was sure ...)

5.My friend has never been to London. (I thought ...)

6.He was working at his report for the conference. (We heard ...)

7.He failed in his terminal examinations and was dismissed from the university. (We knew ...)

III.Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи. Помните, что при переводе в косвенную речь повелительных предложений глагол, выражающий просьбу или приказание, ставится в форме инфинитива с частицей to, а в качестве глаголов, вводящих косвенную речь, употребляются глаголы to ask, to order, to tell:

Образец: The teacher said to the pupils: "Keep quiet! Don’t make noise!" → The teacher told the pupils to keep quiet and not to make noise.

1.The teacher says, "Do this exercise orally, pupils."

2."Can you speak louder, Kate?" Ann asked.

3.The librarian says, "Don’t take this dictionary away."

4."Please, don’t tell anyone what happened», Ann said to me.

5."Read the instruction before you switch on the machine", he said to us.

6."Clean the blackboard and write the date, Tom" the teacher said.

7.The policeman says, "Don’t cross the street under the red light, children."

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IV. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. При этом не забывайте сдвигать времена по правилам согласования времён и заменять обстоятельства времени, как указано в таблице:

Образец: Tom said: "I haven’t seen my cousin today." Tom said that he hadn’t seen his cousin that day.

1."I spoke to him on the telephone two months ago", she said.

2.Nick said, "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year."

3.My sister said to me, "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday."

4.Mother said, "These boys are playing chess in their room."

5.His brother said, "I don’t want to go to the cinema today."

6.She said, "I can’t give you a definite answer now."

7.A little child said, "I am so hungry. I haven’t eaten anything this morning."

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V.Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках. Помните, что при переводе в косвенную речь специальных вопросов порядок слов в предложении становится прямым:

Образец: Where has he gone? (Did you know...) Did you know where he had gone?

1.Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asks me

...)

2.How long will it take your brother to carry out this research work? (He wondered...)

3.Why did the students miss the lectures on Mathematics last month? (The dean wanted to know ...)

4.What does the term "civil engineering" mean? (Do you know ...)

5.How many examinations have we passed by the end of this term? (I forgot ...)

6.What topics are you studying at the English lesson now? (Can you tell me ...)

7.What problem were they discussing during their seminars on History? (I couldn’t remember ...)

VI. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи. Помните, что при переводе в косвенную речь общих вопросов порядок слов в предложении становится прямым; при этом общий вопрос присоединяется к главному предложению с помощью союзов if или whether, которые соответствуют русской частице ли в предложениях аналогичного типа:

Образец: I asked my sister, "Will you go for a walk after dinner?" => I asked my sister if she would go for a walk after dinner.

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1."Are you fond of studying Japanese?" asked my friend.

2."Is your sister going to graduate from the university next year?" he asked me.

3."Can you translate the article without a dictionary?" asked the teacher.

4."Have you had any experience in physics research?" the professor asked the student.

5."Is it possible to carry out extensive research and prepare Candidate’s theses in such a short time?" the students asked the professor.

6."Do you want to continue your education and take Postgraduate Courses?" the professor asked.

7."Did anybody advise you to enter the University of Architecture and Civil Engineering?" asked my aunt.

VII. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях:

1.The head of the building company said that he was not completely satisfied with the new building materials delivered.

2.The foreman informed us that this method of construction had been developed recently.

3.The labourers said that they had been excavating ground for two hours.

4.The engineer asked the foreman how long it would take the plumbers to install all the pipes and sanitary fittings in the house.

5.The Head of our city said that they were going to erect some new factories which would produce modern building materials.

6.He asked a young architect if he had enough experience in column making.

7.The foreman told the workers not to put up the scaffolds in that place.

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VIII. Завершите предложения, используя косвенную речь:

Образец: Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up.

1.Jim was driving too fast, so I told him ... .

2.I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked them ... .

3.Ann was lying in the sun, so I advised her ... .

4.My mother was going to bed late, so the doctor advised her...

5.She was eating a lot of sweets, so her mother told her ... .

6.The woman couldn’t lose her weight, so her friend advised her ... .

7.The children were talking in a loud voice, so the teacher told them ... .

IX. Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи:

The Early Houses in Great Britain

A:What did the early houses in Great Britain look like?

B:Most of them were round and built of wood.

A:Do you know whether those houses were plastered?

B:Sure, they were. A plastered house is warmer and looks

nicer.

A:How did the light come into those early houses?

B:Well, as you know, there were no windows in such houses.

A:No windows? What do you mean by "no windows"?

B:That’s exactly what I mean: those early houses had no windows.

A:Then how did the light come in? Through the roof?

B:Yes, through the roof. There was a special hole in the roof for that purpose.

A:What did they do when it rained? Covered up the hole?

B:Right! They covered that hole and opened the door.

A: The Romans built their houses of brick, didn’t they?

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B: They did. They built their houses of brick because that was their only available building material.

A:Do you mean to say there was a lack of timber?

B:Yes, there was a lack of timber in ancient Rome.

X. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский:

1.Он говорит, что теплотехники устанавливают сейчас теплооборудование в доме.

2.Прораб сказал, что потолок и стены отштукатурили ещё неделю тому назад.

3.Архитектор спросил у стекольщика, сколько требуется времени, чтобы установить стекло в оконную раму.

4.Руководитель строительной компании поинтересовался у архитектора, готов ли план нового торгового центра.

5.Он сказал детям, чтобы они не касались стен, поскольку их только что покрасили.

6.Сын объявил родителям, что на следующей неделе он будет поступать в архитектурно-строительный университет.

7.Ты знаешь, как много людей принимает участие в строительстве дома?

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13. ОБОРОТЫ, ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНЫЕ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫМ ПРИДАТОЧНЫМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯМ

І. Переведите на русский язык:

1.Look out when crossing!

2.Ice melts if heated.

3.Though very young, he was a good worker.

4.While reading he made notes.

5.Having achieved success, the poet went on working.

6.While abroad Eisenhower had been reelected President by his loving U.S. family.

7.The soil being so good, we can grow fruit.

ІІ. Разберите предложения по членам и найдите самостоятельные причастные обороты:

1.Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary.

2.The sun having risen, they continued their way.

3.Squeezed by the ice the steamer couldn’t continue her way.

4.Having received the letter, she wrote the answer.

5.The talks between two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.

6.The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port.

7.The Moskva river having been connected with the Volga, Moscow became the port of five seas.

III. Перепишите, заменив причастные обороты обстоятельственными придаточными предложениями:

Образец: Having read the novel, he was ready to take part in the discussion. => As he had read the novel, he was ready to take part in the discussion.

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1.Driving a car at night, he met with an accident.

2.Having refused to unload American ships the French dockers lost their jobs.

3.Having been advised by the doctor to go to the south, she decided to spend her leave in Sochi.

4.The journey being so long, they didn’t go to Australia by ship, but went by air.

5.Being too complicated the question can not be answered at once.

6.Having been published in the latest scientific journal the figures were well known to all the participants of the conference.

7.Being the deepest in the world Lake Baikal is fed by 336 rivers.

ІV. Составьте предложения, соотнеся причастные обороты из левой колонки с окончанием предложений из правой колонки. Переведите предложения:

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