Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

1.bottle bank/collect/lorry

2.it/deliver/to a recycling plant

3.bottles/crush/into small pieces

4.tops and labels/remove

5.crushed bottles/mix/with new materials

6.mixture/heat/to make new glass

7.new bottles/make

collect – забирать, собирать deliver – доставлять

label – этикетка heat – нагревать

III.Выразите мысль иначе, используя пассивную конструкцию:

Образец: Germans invented the first computer. Americans did not invent it. => The first computer was invented in Germany. It was not invented in America.

1.Chinese invented paper. Europeans did not invent it.

2.I did not lose my camera. Somebody stole it.

3.They pay me regularly but they do not pay me very much.

4.People do not usually measure length in metres in England. They measure length in feet.

5.People grow vines and tangerines in Georgia but they cannot grow oranges there.

6.People will invent medicine against AIDS but I think they will not do it very soon.

7.We will finish the project very soon but we will not complete it tomorrow.

IV. Вы пришли домой и обнаружили … . Позвоните в полицию и объясните, что произошло и что было сделано с вашими вещами (используйте Present Perfect

Passive):

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Образец: The cabinets have been opened. The shelf has been broken.

The sofa …………………….

The carpet …………………..

The window …………………

Books ………………………

Curtains …………………….

The walls ……………….......

My money and documents …

V.Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Past Continuous Passive, Past Perfect Passive или Present Perfect Passive:

1.At twelve o'clock the trucks (load) by workers.

2.The whole text (translate).

3.Before the end of the working day the machine (repair).

4.When I came home, all the sweets (eat).

5.Tennis (play) from four till five.

6.By the middle of autumn all the trees (plant).

7.A number of important experiments already (make) in this laboratory.

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Present Continuous Passive или Present Indefinite Passive:

1.Their daughters (send) to rest in the south every year.

2.A new church (build) in our street now.

3.I (respect) here.

4.The flat still (rent).

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5.This book (ask for) very often.

6.Many accidents (cause) by dangerous driving.

7.The room (clean) at the moment.

VII. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Future Perfect Passive или Future Indefinite Passive:

1.The books (bring) in three days.

2.The project (finish) by next week.

3.Before autumn all the trees (plant).

4.I am sure I (ask) at the lesson tomorrow.

5.She promises that by three o'clock everything (prepare).

6.The article (translate) before the end of the week.

7.When the President's Election (hold)?

VIII. Какие вопросы были заданы? Напишите возможные вопросы:

1.………………………? It was discovered in 1492.

2.………………………? They are grown in Africa.

3.………………………? It will be held in a year.

4.………………………? The construction had been finished

by the summer. 5. ………………………? I am afraid, he is not being met in

the airport.

6. ………………………? No, the tennis court was not being used at that moment

7. ………………………? Yes, of course, it will have been

done before they fix the cladding.

IX. Измените время глагола соответственно показателю времени:

1.Water pollution problem is being discussed now. (last month, often, next time)

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2.How many people have been arrested by police today? (yesterday, tomorrow)

3.The Omsk Metro line has not been yet constructed. (before the winter came, by the end of next year)

4.The children had been fed before they went to school.

(already, before they go to school)

5.What game will be played next time?

(now, when you saw them)

6.The tube under the mountain had been tunneled by the end of spring. (last summer, just)

7.Was the floor washed yesterday? (at the moment, every day)

Х. Нерадивый студент cделал много грамматических ошибок. Помогите исправить их:

Образец: Brad's flat has been robbed yesterday. Brad's flat was robbed yesterday.

1.Be quiet! The film is still shown.

2.I was told that the doctor has been sent for.

3.Will the club be built by the end of summer?

4.The table is always being laid at Simpson’s at 8 a.m.

5.We could not play because tennis court was used at that moment.

6.The petition is already signed by thousands of people.

7.The area is being evacuated because an unexploded bomb is found.

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11. СЛОЖНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ. ВИДЫ ПРИДАТОЧНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ

I.Определите, какие из данных предложений являются

сложносочинёнными и какие сложноподчинёнными.

Переведите их на русский язык:

1.We are students of a large Civil Engineering University, and many of our teachers and instructors are outstanding specialists in various fields of technology and science.

2.The University trains civil engineers whose profession embraces many fields.

3.We have lectures and seminars six times a week, but some students believe it’s not necessary to study every day.

4.The academic year is divided into two terms, and each term students take examinations in four-five or even more subjects.

5.Our students do practicals on construction sites where they gain certain experience.

6.There is quite a number of scientific societies at the University where the students carry out their research work under the supervision of experienced instructors.

7.It’s true that one can find graduates of our University on nearly every major construction site in different parts of our vast country.

II.Составьте из двух простых предложений одно сложносочинённое, используя следующие союзы: and, but, and therefore, not only...but, and yet, and so, while. Переве-

дите предложения на русский язык:

1.One side of the rectangular room of the art studio has a southern aspect. ... the room gets a lot of sun only in summer.

2.The walls are covered with paper. ... a few unframed pictures and drawings hang on them.

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3. ... ... are the walls of the studio covered with paintings ...

canvases of all sizes are piled against the walls.

4.In the center of the room there is a platform for a model or a sitter (позирующий, натурщик) to pose on. ... about thirty chairs and easels are scattered about (размещены на разном расстоянии, в разных местах) for the students.

5.The other furniture is a large table with gypsum models. ... ...

busts and groups of figures are disposed on brackets (под-

ставка, прикрепленная к стене) about the walls.

6.Very often students paint drapery thrown on the table, hung on the easel (мольберт), or the stretcher (подрамник). ... ...

the same objects – flower pots, palette ( палитра), stretchers, empty canvases – move from one picture to another.

7.Sometimes students can’t get the line they have in mind on the paper. ... ... they use the eraser far more than the pencil ...

they go on trying to reproduce their figures.

III. Переведите следующие сложноподчинённые предложения с придаточными предложениями "подлежащими":

1.Why architects give serious attention to the architectural aspects of industrial buildings is clear.

2.That builders construct and reconstruct residential and industrial buildings, etc. is honourable.

3.That economists do their best to reduce the cost of construction is noteworthy.

4.That heat, ventilation and air conditioning engineers study air quality and space heating in various buildings is worth of attention.

5.What kind of structures our hydrotechnicians erect on the rivers of our country is well known.

6.That environmental engineers analyze and examine water and wastes is very important.

7.That production engineers-technologists specialize in the mass production of prefabricated large-size concrete elements is praiseworthy.

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IV. Переведите следующие сложноподчинённые предложения с придаточными предложениями "сказуемыми":

1.The problem was that 90 000 persons were left homeless in Western Turkey by an earthquake.

2.The question was whether they were to stay there or go away.

3.Room-sized plastic dome homes were where they were to live.

4.The difficulty was whether the builders would be able to provide temporary housing for homeless persons in sufficient quantities.

5.It looked as if the builders were going to produce substantially larger structures.

6.The impression was that equipment and materials for producing 200 of the igloo-shaped shells would be provided on time.

7.That was what occupants of plastic dome homes wanted.

V.Заполните союзами или союзными словами because, so that пробелы в сложном предложении с придаточными предложениями причины и следствия:

1.About two hundred years ago man lived in greater harmony with his environment ... industry was not much developed.

2.Modern industry came into city, so to say; by the back door

... its spread was marked by the building over open spaces, and the introduction of smoke, filth (грязь) and rubbish.

3.Now industrial buildings tend to be grouped together on the outskirts of a town or city ... mills and factories put their waste materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the environment.

4.Many modern industries such as electronics industry tend to be pollution-free ... they could be located in residential areas.

5.Light industries are relatively clean ... "quiet" plants are distributed throughout the city.

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6.Public administration buildings, large shops and entertainment centers are usually located in the center ... they are easily accessible to most people.

7.The greenbelt towns are planned to provide a good environment for home and community life ... they are free from un-

necessary noise, smoke and industrial fumes and congestion (перенаселенность, затор уличного движения).

VI. Составьте сложноподчинённые предложения с придаточным определительным относительным предложением с относительным местоимением who. Переведите на русский язык:

Образец: A roofer is someone (building tradesman) who puts slates and tiles on the roof.

1.A bricklayer is someone (building tradesman) who ...

2.A carpenter is ...

3.A craneman ...

4.An electrician ...

5.A glazier ...

6.A plumber ...

7.A stonemason ...

... builds with stone.

... works with pipework and flashing.

... cuts glass and fixes it in a window or door.

... installs electrical wiring and fittings.

... operates a crane.

... works with wood.

... lays bricks.

VII. Заполните союзами или союзными словами which, that пробелы в сложном предложении с придаточным определительным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

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1.There is an interesting building in the factory, ... is constructed from the following elements: the roof, the walls, the floor and the foundations.

2.The roof consists of a waterproof covering, ... is made of asphalt and a roof structure.

3.The roof structure is a part, ... is made of joists and slabs.

4.The walls are constructed from two compound units (составные части), the wall structure, ... consists of beams and stanchions (стойки), and the cladding (обшивка).

5.The cladding is a part, ... is made of steel sheets.

6.The floor consists of a wearing surface (несущая поверхность), ... is made of tiles, and a floor structure, ... is made of precast concrete panels.

7.The foundations are the parts of a building, ... consist of concrete column bases.

VIII. Переведите на русский язык. Обратите внимание на местоположение и тип придаточных предложений в английском языке:

1.On the 11 September 2001 the two Boeing 767 aircraft at-

tacked the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York that caused the catastrophic collapse (разрушение) of the Twin Towers.

2.WTC 1 and WTC2 collapsed because terrorists flew jet airliners into them at high speed.

3.Each tower was struck at a different angle and suffered different damage (повреждение), but both remained standing long because loads were redistributed to undamaged columns.

4.But the intense fires which were caused by aviation fuel led to collapse.

5.As the fire raged (бушевать), unprotected perimeter columns were softened and subjected to high compressive loads.

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6.When sections of the softened, highly stressed columns finally buckled (сгибаться) inwards, the upper storeys began their downward plunge (падать вниз), and the effects were brutal (ужасный).

7.Entire office floors which included all contents were literally pulverized to dust by the massive kinetic energy of the falling towers.

IX. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение. Вставьте в нужном месте подходящий союз:

... About the evacuation of the WTC towers on 11 September 2001.

Reporter: New findings about the chaotic evacuation of the WTC towers on 11 September 2001 show evacuation from the twin towers was much slower than assumed.

Designer: Engineers now believe designers underestimate the time needed to evacuate skyscrapers.

Reporter: They said wider stair wells and better communica-

tions are needed to maximize the chances of emergency escape (спасение при чрезвычайных обстоятельствах).

American

investigator: I know the average surviving occupant of the twin

towers spent 48 seconds per floor descending the emergency stairs (запасная, аварийная лестница).

Reporter: They said an average of only 37 people exited the stairwell doors every minute after terrorists flew the Boeing 757aircraft into the WIC towers.

Doctor: I think movement down the escape routes was also hampered (затруднять) by people with mobility

problems.

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