Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

V.Переведите на русский язык и определите вид русских грамматических конструкций, которым соответствуют данные английские обороты:

1.The students interested in the problem, the engineer demonstrated some diagrams.

2.The problem having risen, the students gathered to discuss it.

3.With excellent knowledge of the language he speaks English fluently.

4.With new computers in the laboratory, we can do computations in milliseconds.

5.Being taken by the teacher seriously the children began to study well.

6.Having entered the lecture room the professor found it overcrowded.

7.With the control work written students were free.

VI. Справедливы ли данные утверждения о нашем университете?

1.After the contract is concluded teaching of oversees students is being carried out on commercial basis.

2.Having taken the Degree Level Course the students are awarded the diploma of a Bachelor of Technical Sciences.

3.Having fulfilled an individual plan an industrious student is usually awarded a degree of a Master of Technical Sciences.

4.Entering our University you are choosing the trade of a builder.

5.Providing favorable conditions for people specialists of the Water Supply and Water Sewerage department design and erect systems of water supply and water sewerage.

6.Having studied the theoretical and applied sciences our graduates manage the municipal water works.

7.Being part of the university program practice is obligatory for every student.

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VІІ. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What event of the first stage of the assembly sequence of prefabricated building is fulfilled with the ground excavated?

2.What event of the first stage of the assembly sequence of prefabricated building is fulfilled with the concrete foundations constructed?

3.Is the third event of the first stage of the assembly sequence of prefabricated building completed with the column base plates fixed?

4.With the steel columns erected the fourth event of the first stage of the assembly sequence of prefabricated building is fulfilled, is not it?

5.When deciding on the floor-to-ceiling height of a building, should an architect base his calculations on the tallest person in a group of people?

6.When designing a building for a group of people, does the architect consider the maximum, minimum and average dimensions of their bodies?

7.Looking at the building from across the river, can we see the main entrance?

VIII. Преобразуйте утверждения в вопросы:

1.When reinforced concrete regains great strength.

2.With a minimum of changes having taken place the building project can be fulfilled.

3.While designing a project the engineer tries to reduce its cost.

4.Upon solving a series of problems the engineer reconstructed an ancient cathedral.

5.Due to our introducing mechanical aids, labor productivity increased greatly.

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6.Some parts of the building having been made of plastics, less insulation materials are needed.

7.Being built of wood the bridge could not carry heavy loads.

IX. Перепишите, заменив придаточные предложения времени оборотами, эквивалентными обстоятельственным придаточным предложениям:

1.When the boiler pressure is too high, the safety valve relieves the pressure.

2.When the temperature of the water in the boiler reaches the set temperature, the aquastat shuts down the burner.

3.When the water in the boiler expands, it flows into the expansion tank.

4.When the temperature of the water in the boiler decreases, the aquastat starts up the burner.

5.When the temperature decreases, the thermostat switches on the burner.

6.When the pump is switched on, hot water flows through the pipe to the radiators.

7.When the radiator is turned on, heat is transferred from the hot water to the air in the room.

X.Преобразуйте предложения так, чтобы их смысл изменился на противоположный:

Образец: Unless treated the water cannot be used for drinking and domestic purposes. => Though not treated the water can be used for drinking and domestic purposes.

1.The crane not having been tested, the builders did not put it into operation.

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2.Testing a new type of hoisting crane, the engineer offered some recommendations.

3.Not having been discussed the building project was not considerably improved.

4.With the excavator broken down, excavation was delayed for two weeks.

5.Having completed the preparation of the site the workers began the initial stage.

6.Putting the wind to work researchers are showing great interest in the age-old windmill.

7.Having passed the examination successfully, she was in the high spirit.

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14.МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

I.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов can/could и эквивалента be able to, подразумевающих способность, возможность действия, недоверие, сомнение, вежливую просьбу:

1.I can read English short stories.

2.Can he still be waiting for you?

3.He has always been good at Maths, but even he wasn’t able to solve that difficult problem.

4.When the garage had repaired our car, we were able to continue our journey.

5.Stephen is taking guitar lessons. He can play quite well already, but he hopes he will be able to play like a professional if he continues with his lessons.

6.Mrs. Wilson is learning Spanish. She can’t speak it very well yet. She hopes she’ll be able to by the end of the course.

7.Could you get me a glass of water?

II.Джулия устраивается на работу. В анкете графу на знание иностранных языков она заполнила так:

1 = hardly at all

2 = not very well

3 = quite well

4 = very well

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Напишите предложения по образцу: Julia can read French very well, but she can’t understand it very well.

III.Глагол may / might используется, чтобы выразить разрешение, запрет, предположение. Перепишите предложения по образцу:

You can renew the book by post, telephone, or personal visit to the library. => You may review the book by post, telephone or personal visit to the library.

Perhaps Margaret is in her office => She might be in her office.

1.Perhaps Margaret is busy.

2.Perhaps she doesn’t want to see me.

3.Children under 12 can’t enter unless they’re wit h a grown-up.

4.It’s possible she has a good reason.

5.It’s just possible she thinks it’s on another da y.

6.Don’t smoke in the classrooms!

7.Perhaps her train is late.

IV. Глагол must выражает необходимость, mustn’t – запрет, needn’t – отсутствие необходимости. Когда вы пребываете в Британии, существует множество правил, которые требуется соблюдать. Завершите предложения одним из глаголов.

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Образец: … bring animals into Britain => You mustn’t bring animals into Britain.

1.… have a passport.

2.… have a visa if you want to stay a long time.

3. … have a visa if you are from a Common Market co untry.

4.… declare any restricted goods at the customs.

5.…declare cigarettes up to a certain limit.

6.…take guns into Britain.

7.… drive on the left.

V.Завершите предложения глаголом must или его эквивалентом have to.

VI. Поставьте подходящий по смыслу модальный глагол must, have to, may, can:

1.Everybody … obey the rules.

2.One … buy this book in any bookstore.

3.Someone … wash these dishes.

4.The students … write the composition by Friday.

5.You … see my garden again.

6.Where … I buy this fruit?

7.They … change the direction.

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VII. Глагол should/shouldn’t выражает совет или наши ожидания. Дайте совет, выбрав одну из фраз:

Go away for a few days, go to bed so late, look for another job, put some pictures on the walls, take a photo, use her car so much, see your friend

1.Liz needs a change. She…

2.My salary is low. You…

3.Jack always has difficulty getting up. He…

4.What a beautiful view! You…

5.Sue drives everywhere. She never walks. She…

6.Bill’s room isn’t very interesting. He…

7.I’m going to Paris. A friend of mine lives there. You…

VIII. Выражение had better выражает модальность и имеет значение, близкое к глаголу should. Had better чаще относится к конкретной ситуации, а should выражает совет в целом. Дополните предложения:

… invite her.

6.It’s cloudy outside. We … take an umbrella.

7.I think everybody … learn a foreign language.

IX. Перефразируйте предложения, используя страдательный залог:

Образец: Students must take exams twice a year. Exams must be taken twice a year.

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1.You may leave the dictionaries on the table.

2.The students must read the text aloud.

3.You can translate the sentences orally.

4.The on-duty student must water the duster every break.

5.The students can’t repeat the question.

6.They must solve the problem.

7.Can I hand in the composition after the break?

X. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык:

1.Можно взять твой зонт?

2.Вы не можете идти домой, вы не закончили работу.

3.Здесь нельзя купаться.

4.Спектакль должен был начаться в 6 часов, но его пришлось отложить, так как один актёр заболел.

5.Тебе следует быть более внимательным, переходя дорогу.

6.Учитель сказал Джеку: "Ты должен помогать старшим."

7.Ему нет необходимости вставать рано. Он начинает работать в 9 часов.

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15.ГЛАГОЛЫ SHOULD, WOULD

I.Откройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форме Future-in- the-Past или Future Simple (Active or Passive):

1.I did not know what he (to speak) about.

2.I hoped that we (to be invited) to the wedding party.

3.I expect they (to have returned) their debts before the end of the year.

4.I can't say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to do) his best.

5.He asked me whether he (to see) Brian here.

6.I think that the job (to be offered) to Ann.

7.Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that?

8.I was afraid he (to say): "I don't think I (to be) able to come."

9.I have read that they (to be building) a new ring-road in the city.

10.I knew our conversation (to be continued) later.

II.Переведите предложения на русский язык, произведите анализ значений модального глагола should:

1.I think you should be able to translate the article.

2.Tom was often late and his teacher told him that he should wake up earlier.

3.The students should have studied the subject thoroughly.

4.You shouldn’t cross the street against the red light.

5.You can’t remember what I said. You should have listened more carefully.

6.She was feeling unwell yesterday, she shouldn’t have gone to the University.

7.You should learn a few words of Greek before you go to Greece.

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