Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие
.pdf6.Located in the south-west of Shantung Province are Taishan mountains, the tallest in all that part of the country.
7.Moving around the nucleus, and a considerable distance from it, are the rest of the electrons required to make the atom neutral.
IX. Напишите следующие предложения с обычным порядком слов (без инверсии):
1.Had we tested this material, we should have used it in our work.
2.Had they applied the new method, the result would have been much better.
3.Had I more time, I should get all that work finished long ago.
4.Were it possible, we should begin this work at once.
5.Had I an idea about this case, I’d never face such difficulties.
6.Was (were) the weather better, he’d always spend his holidays in England.
7.Had they some free time, they’d write home more often.
X. Выполните обзорный перевод:
1.Только в 1957 году российские учёные смогли выпустить на орбиту первый искусственный спутник Земли.
2.Для расчёта орбиты искусственного спутника действительно потребовалось много времени.
3.Однако вполне вероятно, что эта новая смесь окажется полезной в строительстве.
4.Едва ли этот метод когда-либо даст хорошие результаты.
5.В данную работу также включены данные, рассчитанные этим молодым учёным.
6.В статье приведён ряд цифр, хотя некоторые из них и неточны.
7.Именно этот учёный впервые упомянул о методе, который в настоящее время широко используется в строительстве.
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21. СЛОВА-ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛИ
І. Переведите предложения. Помните, что слово one может выступать в качестве местоимения, числительного или слова-заместителя:
1.The strong students help the weak ones.
2.One sees hundreds of new towns on the map of Russia.
3.I think the ideal teacher is the one who can combine knowledge of his subject with making difficult things understandable.
4.The tables used in infant schools are lower than the ones used in universities.
5.This means that one millimetre on the drawing represents one hundred millimetres in the actual building.
6.Earth is one of the most widely used traditional building materials in hot-dry lands.
7.There are two large islands and several smaller ones which lie in the north-west coast of Europe.
II.Замените подчёркнутые существительные соответствующими словами-заместителями (one-ones):
Образец: Radio is one the most wonderful discoveries ever made by man, television is a more marvellous discovery. => Television is a more marvellous one.
1.I think this department store is bigger than that department store.
2.These shoes are less comfortable than those shoes.
3.My watch isn’t working well. I must buy a new watch.
4.I’ve got a pair of black gloves but I must buy brown gloves to match my new shoes.
5.This book is too easy for me. Please, give me a more difficult book.
6.This book is less interesting than the book you gave me yesterday.
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7.These short stories are more exciting than the stories we read yesterday.
III. Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на выражения со словом one:
1.As the path in the forest was very narrow they had to go one by one.
2.At one time people thought that B. Shaw was a second W. Shakespeare.
3.Look! It’s written: "One-way street." What does it mean?
4.On the one hand young people want to acquire and accumulate knowledge.
5.There is only one way to do it.
6.One day many old cities will be reconstructed by our architects.
7.I hope no-one is challenging the view that Pushkin occupies an outstanding place in Russian literature and culture.
IV. Переведите предложения. Помните, что слово that (those) может являться указательным местоимением, союзом или словом-заместителем. Обсудите, чем является that (those) в каждом предложении:
1.Look at the map: that star is a city, those lines are canals.
2.A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.
3.In Iran and Egypt rooms built of mud are much cooler in hot climates than those of any other material.
4.They want to visit the famous historical places of our city to honour the memory of those soldiers who died for the freedom of our country.
5.Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent.
6.The waters of the Arctic Ocean are much colder than those of the Atlantic Ocean.
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7.The contractor must correct any defects that appear in the building.
V.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на that (of) и those (of), используемых в качестве заместителей существительного:
1.The most familiar temperature is that of a human body.
2.Lomonosov set himself a very unusual problem for his time - that of creating "mathematical chemistry".
3.The columns of the block of flats have greater supporting strength than those of the tropical house.
4.Some properties of air are similar to those of water.
5.The climate in the West is different from that in the East.
6.For the ancients, very large numbers such as those of the stars in the sky, the fish in the sea or grains of sand on the beach were "incalculable".
7.Everyone knows that the climate of most of Canada differs greatly from that of the British Isles, though large parts of Canada are in much the same latitude.
VI. Ознакомьтесь с другими случаями употребления that:
and all that – и тому подобное by that – тем самым, этим like that – таким образом with that – вместе с тем
that is true – это правда
that’s done it – это решило дело, переполнило чашу that’s that – ничего не поделаешь, так-то вот
that far – настолько далеко, до такой степени that is (i.e.) – то есть
not that – не потому, чтобы (не то, чтобы) now that – теперь когда
Напишите свои примеры с этими выражениями.
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VІІ. Дайте ответы на вопросы, заменяя существительные соответствующими местоимениями:
Образец: What subjects do the students of the first year study at our University? => They study mathematics, physics, chemistry, foreign languages, etc.
1.Where does your friend study?
2.How often do you go to the library?
3.What are your hobbies?
4.Are you and your friend fond of music?
5.Which programmes does your granny like to watch?
6.How long does it take you to get to the University?
7.What do you know about your future speciality?
VIII. Определите функцию it в предложениях и переведите их на русский язык:
1.It’s too late now. You shouldn’t ring them up.
2.Here is your paper, read it, please.
3.– Who is it? – It’s me.
4.It often rains in this part of the country.
5.When he heard the first line of the poem, he recognized it at once.
6.It’s necessary to calculate all data.
7.Not far from the Houses of Parliament there is Westminster Abbey. It is a fine old building founded in 1409.
IX. Употребите абсолютную форму притяжательного местоимения, чтобы избежать повторения существительного:
Образец: George has lost his pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him ... => Ask Mary if she will lend him hers.
1. We’ve had our dinner; have they had ... ?
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2.Have your heard from that friend of ... who went to Athens?
3.The teacher wants you to return that book of ... that he lent you.
4.Margaret wants to know if you’ve seen a pair of gloves of ...
5.We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ... .
6.Dinner has been ready a long time. I have had ... and Mary has had ... ; come and have ... now.
7.Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ... are coming to see us.
X.Переведите предложения. Помните, что вспомогательные глаголы употребляются вместо ранее упомянутого смыслового глагола. Они обычно переводятся тем глаголом, который они заменяют, или совсем не переводятся:
1.Many substances after being rubbed behave as amber does.
2.A gas has no boundary surface as do liquids and solids.
3.Substances burn more rapidly in oxygen than they do in air because the concentration of oxygen in pure oxygen is about five times its concentration in air.
4.Certainly biology occupies a far more important place in our general life and thought than it did before.
5.The sun rotates on its axis just as the Earth does, from west to east, but takes longer to complete a rotation.
6.One finds that southern Canada resembles southern Siberia or north China much more than it does Britain.
7.Electron microscope has probably done as much for science as the optical microscope did.
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