Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

III.Исправьте ошибки в следующем диалоге, обращая особое внимание на формы do, does, did, will do в соответствующем лице, числе и времени:

Anna: Where did you went on your holidays? To London? Pavel: No, we don’t go to London this year. We went to Scot-

land.

Anna: Do your grandmother lives in Scotland? Pavel: No, she don’t, but my uncle do.

Anna: What does they do?

Pavel: My aunt is a doctor, and my uncle do business with some company.

Anna: Will you go there next year?

Pavel: I’m not sure, but I will does my best to visit them.

IV. Употребите глагол to be в нужной форме и времени. Определите функцию этого глагола в предложении:

Образец: Paul and Janet ... brother and sister. => Paul and Janet are brother and sister.

1. ... you at the cinema yesterday?

2.My mother ... a doctor.

3.My groupmates ... ... engineers in future.

4.I ... to go to the University at 8 o’clock as classes start at 8.30.

5.John’s sister ... a student last year, now she ... an economist.

6.Look! The students ... doing exercises now.

7.The Olympic Games ... held once in four years in Greece.

V.Определите, в каком времени стоит глагол to have и какую функцию он выполняет. Сделайте перевод предложений:

1.My mother has got a bad headache.

2.The students had a meeting yesterday.

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3.Will you have lunch with me on Friday?

4.He has to get up early in the morning as he lives far from school.

5.I didn’t have a watch, so I didn’t know the time.

6.Unfortunately, Mary has never been to London.

7.Did Fred have to redo his exam last year?

VI. Какую функцию выполняет глагол to do в предложении? Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на время глагола:

1.What do you usually do to relax?

2.Our company does a lot of business with the USA.

3.I do like sports.

4.My friend did his best to help me.

5.Will you do the washing-up to help your granny?

6.Does your grandfather do the gardening willingly?

7.Some of his colleagues did know that he was right.

VII. Вставьте оборот there is/there isn’t/is there

there are/there aren’t/are there.

Затем перепишите эти предложения в прошедшем и бу-

дущем времени, употребив there was/there were/there will be:

1."Excuse me, .... a bank near here?" "Yes, at the end of the street."

2."How many students .... in the class?" " .... twenty."

3." .... any problem?" "No, .... any problems, everything is Ok."

4. .... nowhere to sit down. .... any chairs. 5. .... an underground station in our district. 6. .... any materials for our research work? 7. .... not much water in this lake.

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VIII. Употребите либо оборот there is/is there, либо it is/is

"There is a train at 10.30. Is it a fast train?"

1."I’m not going to buy this shirt. .... very expensive."

2."What’s wrong?" " .... something in my eye."

3." .... a red car outside the house. .... yours?"

4." .... anything on television tonight?" "Yes, .... a film at 8.15."

5."What’s that building?" " .... a school."

6." .... a restaurant in this hotel?" "No, I’m afraid not."

7." .... an environmental department at our University?" "Yes,

.... . And .... very popular with the students."

IX. Составьте предложения из следующих элементов:

1.1834, Siberia, in, scientist, the, born, great, in, Russian, was, Tobolsk, D. Mendeleyev.

2.good, of, is, copper, heat, conductor, a.

3.Washington, no, in, sky-scrapers, there, are?

4.English, we, last, a, two, lessons, had, year, week, times.

5.have, get, early, do, to, you, the, train, first, up, catch, to?

6.year, station, there, in, were, the, two, town, underground, last.

7.there, in, will, this, be, area, a, plant, new, producing, timber.

X.Переведите следующие предложения с русского на английский язык:

1.В Лондоне много интересных мест, которые ты можешь посетить.

2.В классе было десять парт, стол учителя, доска и несколько книжных полок.

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3.Скоро в этом регионе появится нефтеперерабатывающий комплекс.

4.В университете есть магистратура и аспирантура.

5.В пятидесятых годах прошлого столетия в университете было лишь три факультета, а теперь в нём семь факультетов.

6.Студенты нашего университета вынуждены усердно заниматься, так как учебные программы очень сложные.

7.Многие преподаватели нашего университета были его бывшими студентами и сейчас делают всё возможное, чтобы выпускники были образованными и знающими своё дело.

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7. СТРУКТУРА ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОГО РАСПРОСТРАНЁННОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Ι. Переведите на русский язык, определите тип предложения по цели высказывания: утвердительное, вопроси-

тельное, отрицательное, повелительное, восклицательное:

I’m afraid my English is not very good

Student: I’m afraid my English is not very good. Will I ever learn to speak English?

Teacher: Of course, you will. Do your best! You’re doing fine.

You’re getting better every day. You’re getting better all the time.

Student: How kind you are!

II.Переведите на русский язык, определите тип предложе-

ния по структуре: нераспространённое или распространённое:

English Language Learning

1.English is popular.

2.It has to be learnt.

3.It’s the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics.

4.There are different ways to learn English.

5.How do I learn English?

6.I read English books with audio and video tapes, study Grammar and do exercises.

7.Do you know how to learn English better?

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III.Переведите на русский язык, выделите подлежащее и определите, чем оно выражено: существительным,

прилагательным, местоимением, инфинитивом, герундием:

He, who knows no foreign language, doesn’t know his own one.

(I.W. Goethe)

1.Everybody knows his own language.

2.Learning any language takes much time and patience.

3.One must work hard to learn it.

4.And you shouldn’t have any problems with learning a language of your own or a foreign one.

5.Of these two languages the former is closer to one’s heart and easier to master.

6.The latter sometimes is difficult to learn.

7.But to know any foreign language is necessary to read foreign literature, to communicate with foreigners.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, определите,

является ли it знаменательным подлежащим (кон-

кретный предмет или явление, замещение предшествующего высказывания, указательное значение) или

формальным подлежащим (безличное предложение или вводное подлежащее):

English is the global language

1.Today English is the language of the world.

2.It’s the language of communication.

3.Nowadays it’s especially urgent to learn it for the purpose of communication.

4.In our country it’s very popular.

5.It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.

6.It’s not easy to learn English.

7.But it’s well worth it.

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V. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите подлежащее, выраженное местоимением one.

Examination. (One never knows what his answer may be)

1.To reach a satisfactory standard in the examination in English one should demonstrate good knowledge acquired in a subject.

2.The examination comprises two oral tests and a written one.

3.One is required to do a written translation of the technical text (1000 printed characters) from English into Russian over a given time (50 minutes).

4.One may translate the text with the help of a dictionary.

5.One is required to scan an average text (1.500 printed characters) without a dictionary and give a short summary of the text (15 minutes).

6.One has to talk in English on a suggested topic.

7.One should satisfy the examiner of one’s ability to express oneself in English.

VI. Переведите на русский язык, укажите, является ли сказуемое в следующих предложениях простым, состав-

ным именным или составным глагольным, и чем оно выражено:

Training of foreign students at "Sibstrin"

1.At the University one can see a number of foreign students.

2.At the beginning of their studies they know only some Russian words: "Thank you", "Hello", and "Please".

3.There are teachers of Russian who help foreign students to learn the Russian language.

4.Foreign students willingly learn "the great, mighty, true, free Russian speech".

5.A year later they have to attend all classes together with Russian students.

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6.Under the supervision of experienced instructors foreign students become highly qualified specialists.

7.After graduation they are professionals who can work in production and research in their countries.

VII. Переведите на русский язык, определите в каких пред-

ложениях прямой порядок слов, в каких обратный:

Lines

1.By line they mean the boundaries (границы) of shapes.

2.The line is a long, narrow mark on a surface.

3.In mathematics it is defined as having length but not breadth or thickness.

4.In arts a line drawing means a line work with a pen or pencil. (line drawing – рисунок пером или карандашом)

5.In architecture lines mean a contour, outline (контур, очер-

тание).

6.Lines may be straight, crooked (изогнутый) or curved (кривой) etc.

7.The word "line" is used in such expressions as "building line", "kerb line, sky line, trunk line, water line, water-supply line".

VIII. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите в предложениях с обратным порядком слов (оборот there is/are) сказуемое и подлежащее.

Cracks

1.Most buildings crack at some time during their service life.

2.In the UK there are a lot of low-rise buildings constructed of brick, concrete blocks or stone with mortar joints.

3.There are numerous possible causes of cracking in low-rise buildings.

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4.There may be a single cause or a combination of several causes, or one primary cause with several contributory factors.

5.There are many published documents describing in more detail the various causes of cracking in low-rise buildings.

6.There is a workshop organized by avongard on the subject of crack diagnosis in low-rise buildings.

7.There are some recommendations of the assessment of cracking in buildings and the need for urgent remedial work (ре-

монтная работа).

IX. Переведите данные предложения с обратным порядком слов без вводной частицы there. Определите в них сказуемое и подлежащее:

Surveying buildings is an art, verifying the cause of failure is a science.

(Prof. Malcolm Hollis)

1.In the article by Johnson R.W. "Cracking in low-rise buildings" is given the methodology for diagnosing the cause.

2.In Fig. 3 is sketched the typical crack pattern resulting from foundation subsidence (оседание) caused by tree roots.

3.In Fig. 4 is given the example of a crack caused by shear (сдвиг).

4.In Fig. 5 is given the example of a crack caused by compression.

5.In fig. 13 is shown the example of a crack constituting aesthetic damage only.

6.In Fig. 14 is shown the crack affecting serviceability (прочность в эксплуатации) and ultimately the stability of the building.

7.In Table 1 is shown the methodology to be applied.

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X.Переведите данные предложения с двойным обратным порядком слов на русский язык, определите подлежащее и сказуемое.

Workshop

1.Arranged on the shelves of the workshop were technical books, reference books, specialized magazines with articles on the subject in question.

2.Hanging on the wall were tables, graphs, scientific photographs, pictures of scientists.

3.Hanging over the desk were several Figures drawn on their boards designed for the purpose.

4.Shown on the Figures on the boards were the example cracks in low-rise buildings.

5.Represented in Table II were recent data collected together for analysis.

6.Attached to the collected facts and statistics was a rough diagram with plots and figures and curves.

7.Arranged in small partitions of the box were all the tools needed for the crack survey.

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