Практическая грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

4.People are touring the Art museum. => All visitors ... the art museum are asked to sign the guest book.

5.Many reporters attend the press conference. => Most of the reporters ... the press conference have questions to ask.

6.The passengers are boarding the train. => Almost everyone ...

the train carries a suitcase.

7.The new play is always reviewed in the newspapers. => Critics ... the new play attend the opening night performance.

III. Прочитайте предложения. Затем постройте новое, ис-

пользуя while или when + PI (Non-perfect Active):

Образец: Nick was waiting for the train. He read a magazine. => While waiting for the train, Nick read a magazine.

1.Dick was talking over the telephone. He wrote down some information. => …

2.Ann met some of her friends. She was going home from school. => …

3.Nina was coming upstairs. She heard strange noises. => …

4.Jack was going home. He saw an accident. => …

5.Peter made only one mistake. He was writing a dictation. =>

…

6.You are learning to speak a foreign language. You should have much practice. => …

7.Bessy must pay attention to the articles. She is copying English texts. => …

IV. Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами:

Образец: Since (as) he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. => Knowing who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him.

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1.Since people needed a shelter from rain and frosts, they began building their first "houses".

2.As the student knew English well, he could easily speak to foreigners.

3.Since the manager thought of expanding business, he employed more workers.

4.Since playing games is a highly efficient language learning method, it is adaptable to most learners’ needs.

5.Since Russia was rich in wood, it was a country of wooden houses, churches and bridges.

6.Since plastics combine all the fine characteristics of a building material, they are widely used in construction.

7.As timber contains a large amount of sap, it can’t be used for structural purposes immediately it has been felled.

V.Откройте скобки, используя нужную форму причастия (PI, PII) в роли определения. Не путайте следующее:

1.The Slavonic (write) language came to Rus from Bulgaria in the 9-th century.

2.The man (deliver) this lecture is our professor.

3.Secondary Modern Schools in UK have well- (equip) laboratories and work-shops for woodwork, metalwork, cooking, etc.

4.Houses (build) in Moscow every year make our capital more and more beautiful.

5.A person (enter) the building profession must have a scientific attitude, imagination, initiative and good judgment, (obtain) by experience and serious work.

6.An architect must receive a great deal of scientific training (connect) with his profession.

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7.An engineer must know mathematics as well as many facts (concern) building materials.

VI. Соедините следующие предложения, используя либо причастие I (PI) несовершенного вида (doing), либо причастие I совершенного вида (having done):

Образец: 1. Students were doing exercises. They made many mistakes. => While (When) doing exercises, students made many mistakes.

2.She didn’t want to listen to the story again. She had heard it before. => Having heard the story before, she didn’t want to listen to it again.

1.I was reading an English book. I had to use the dictionary very often.

2.The professor began to prepare his lecture. Before he had looked through a lot of journals.

3.He didn’t know the language. He couldn’t understand the conversation.

4.The student knew the subject well. He wasn’t afraid of the coming exam.

5.The graduate decided to go to the Far East. He had graduated from the University.

6.The students were allowed to leave the room after they had finished the translation.

7.I had to go to the library to get the dictionary. I had lent my dictionary to a friend.

VII. Переведите предложения, содержащие "объектный и субъектный причастные обороты". Выделите эти обороты:

Образец: 1. The student heard his name pronounced through the open door. – Объектный причастный оборот.

2.They were seen quarrelling. – Субъектный при-

частный оборот.

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1.We saw her reading a journal in the reading room.

2.The professor wanted the work done in time.

3.The students watched the building being built next to their University.

4.The graduates must have the diploma project made well and in time.

5.They were heard talking together.

6.The applicants were seen filling in the application forms.

7.Our English teacher heard us speaking English to the foreigners.

VIII. Составьте из двух предложений одно, содержащее:

а) зависимый причастный оборот, если исполнитель действия один и тот же;

б) независимый причастный оборот, если исполни-

тели действия разные:

Образец: 1. The students left the laboratory. They had finished

the experiment. => Having finished the experiment, the students left the laboratory. (зависимый при-

частный оборот)

2. The experiment had been finished. The students left the laboratory. => The experiment having been

finished, the students left the laboratory. (незави-

симый причастный оборот)

1.The weather was fine. The workers could work in the open air.

2.The bricklayers could start building the walls. The foundations were ready.

3.You are learning to speak a foreign language. You must have much practice.

4.It was pretty late. They decided to postpone their visit.

5.There was little time left. They took a taxi.

6.He had long lived in those parts. He knew the place very well.

7.You are leaving the room. You shouldn’t forget to switch off the light.

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IX. Переведите предложения. Выделите абсолютный (не-

зависимый) причастный оборот:

1.Air carries some polluting substances, much of it being natural smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind, compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, etc.

2.The bridge having been swept away with the flood, the train was late.

3.It being cold and damp, the workmen decided to stop working in the open air for a while.

4.Dinner being over, we gathered in the drawing room.

5.This being understood, the conference was over.

6.Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist A.S. Popov.

7.All the necessary preparations having been made beforehand, the workmen started working immediately.

X.Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст. Найдите причастие и укажите его функцию в предложении:

Floor covering material

Floor covering material made from textiles, felts, resins, rubber, or other natural or man-made substances applied or fastened to, or laid upon, the level base surface of the room to provide comfort, durability, safety, and decoration. Such materials include both handmade and machine-made rugs and carpets and smooth-surfaced floor coverings. Although the words carpet and rug are frequently used interchangeably in referring to textile floor coverings, in modern usage carpets are fastened to the floor and usually cover an entire floor area, and rugs are not fastened and rarely cover the entire floor. Carpets and rugs may be classified as handmade or machine-made. Smooth-surfaced coverings generally adhere to a subfloor and are manufactured as sheet goods or tiles.

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18. ГЕРУНДИЙ И ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ

І. Завершите предложения, используя герундий от следую-

щих глаголов: meet/listen to/ use/ do/inform/make/ride/go:

Образец: I can’t imagine George ... a motor-bike. => I can’t imagine George riding a motor-bike.

1.My job involves ... a lot of people.

2.The teacher suggested ... some exercises in class.

3.The student had to postpone ... for a walk, he was to prepare his report.

4.Everybody enjoyed ... to the lecturer.

5.The professor didn’t mind ... the students of the possible questions at the examination.

6.While writing a letter, try to avoid ... mistakes.

7.People should stop ... pollutants.

II.Образуйте герундий от глаголов, указанных в скобках, используя нужный предлог перед формой:

Образец: My brother thinks ... ... for a new job (look). => My brother thinks of looking for a new job.

1.His parents don’t approve ... him ... out so late (stay).

2.You should apologize ... ... so rude to your friend (be).

3.The students decided ... ... their exam before the session (take).

4.The professor insisted ... our ... additional materials (use).

5.The policeman stopped everyone ... ... the building without a special permission (enter).

6.My friend has not yet succeeded ... ... a job (find).

7.The teacher accused the pupil ... not ... the rules properly (learn).

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ІІІ. Составьте одно предложение из двух предложенных, используя герундий. Переведите полученные предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Don’t risk your life. It’s no use. => It’s no use risking your life.

1.Don’t hurry. It’s not worth it. => ...

2.Don’t wait. There’s no point.

3.Don’t watch TV so much. It’s a waste of time.

4.Don’t worry about it. It’s no use.

5.Don’t smoke. It’s a waste of money.

6.Don’t promise something if you can’t do it. It’s no good.

7.I can’t find a place to live. I have difficulty.

IV. Сначала прочитайте и переведите предложенные предложения, затем напишите новое предложение, используя указанный в скобках предлог и герундий:

Образец: My friend missed a lot of lectures, but he managed to do well at the exam. (in spite of) => In spite of missing a lot of lectures my friend managed to do well at the exam.

1.The teacher was angry with the students because they were late for the lesson. (for)

2.He translated the article. He didn’t use a dictionary. (without)

3.You can improve your English if you do a lot of reading. (by)

4.She didn’t go away on holiday. She prepared for her entrance exams instead. (instead of)

5.The professor delivered the lecture though he felt ill. (in spite of)

6.Peter finished school and then he entered a college. (after)

7.My friend entered the University but he had to study a lot. (before)

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V.Переведите предложения, содержащие разные формы герундия:

1.John likes studying foreign languages.

2.He went away without having told us the necessary information.

3.He admits having been informed of the conference.

4.The manager insists on his being sent on a mission.

5.Mastering this speciality is a very important thing.

6.Graduates must be proud of having received a degree.

7.Little children like being read to.

VI. Ответьте на вопросы, содержащие активную форму герундия, используя пассивную форму:

Образец: Do you like reading aloud? => I like being read aloud.

1.What’s your idea of offering your help?

2.Would you object to telling the truth?

3.Do you enjoy writing letters?

4.Do you avoid speaking about people?

5.Would you mind calling somebody at night?

6.Does your job involve inviting people to parties?

7.Are you afraid of asking questions?

VII. Замените придаточные предложения формами NonPerfect/Perfect Gerund (Active/Passive). Используйте предлоги, указанные в скобках:

Образец: Everybody knows that lead compounds pollute the air without being seen. (of) => Everybody knows of lead compounds polluting the air without being seen.

1.The manager was accused because he had not prepared the documents in time. (of)

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2.The stonemason remembered that he had added water in the mixture. (---)

3.The superintendent thought that the repairs of the house would be finished in time. (of)

4.The workers were informed that the prefabricated parts had already been delivered to the construction site. (of)

5.The director was sure that all the necessary building materials had already been sent to the construction site. (of)

6.It’s well-known that it’s not easy to change the batteries. (of)

7.If we burn coal we may heat water in a boiler. (by)

VIII. Раскройте скобки, используя нужную форму герундия:

Образец: The machine needs (to clean). => The machine needs cleaning.

1.The manager was sure of the job (to finish).

2.(to build) this railway took us three years.

3.He came without (to invite).

4.The superintendent told the tenants of the house of his (to increase) the rent recently.

5.We knew nothing of the experiment (to carry out) already.

6.Soon Greeks became the teachers of the world in column (to make).

7.To prevent the metal parts of ships from (to cover) with rust under water, various kinds of paint are used.

IX. Переведите предложения, содержащие предикативные герундиальные обороты (комплексы). Найдите их. Помните, что герундиальный оборот соответствует по значению придаточному предложению, подлежащим в котором является существительное или местоимение, предшествующее герундию:

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Образец: The workers were told of the experts’ (experts,

them, their) arriving at the construction site soon.

Рабочим сказали, что скоро на стройплощадку прибудут эксперты. (они)

1.We knew nothing of his being a great writer.

2.They’ve got a lot of questions to settle before your leaving.

3.In school days I remember he couldn’t answer the teacher’s questions without somebody’s prompting him.

4.There is no danger of it happening again.

5.His having failed at the exams was a great disappointment to his mother.

6.Can I rely on you setting matters right?

7.Century after century passed without such discoveries being made.

X. Обзорный перевод:

1.Древний Египет дал миру первые уроки в искусстве возведения колонн.

2.Идея создания многоступенчатой ракеты принадлежит Циолковскому.

3.Наука требует проведения экспериментов.

4.Вместо реконструкции старого театра строительная компания решила построить новый на том же месте.

5.Мы знали, что строительство новой школы завершилось.

6.Рабочие обсуждали пути усовершенствования своей работы на новом объекте.

7.Бригада сократила сроки строительства за счёт использования новых технологий.

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