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ɧɚɜɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɟɫɬɪɭ Ɇɚɦɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɛɭɞɭ ɥɢ ɹ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɤ ɨɛɟɞɭ ə ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɭ ɞɨɦɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ə ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɚ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ Ɉɧ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɬɚɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ə ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɨ ɱɟɦ ɷɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɧ ɟɟ ɩɢɲɟɬ Ʉɪɢɫɬɢɧɚ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɢɬ ɗɧɞɪɸ ɫ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɤɚɤ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɜɢɞɟɥɚ ɟɝɨ ə ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɬɭɲɢɬ ɨɜɨɳɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɪɚ ɥɢ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

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Ɉɧɚ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɚ ɷɬɨ. – She said (that) she’d done it.

Ɉɧɚ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɧɚɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɚ ɷɬɨ. – She told us (that) she’d done it.

Ɉɧɚ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɷɬɨ. – She told him to do it.

ə ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ Ⱦɨɤɬɨɪ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɹ ɧɟ ɟɥ

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REPORTED SPEECH

DJHV , ORVH D ORW RI ZHLJKW ODWHO\ +LV 7 VKLUW LV GLUW\ +H SOD\ IRRWEDOO

:KHQ KH FDPH KH ZDV RXW RI EUHDWK ɡɚɞɵɯɚɥɫɹ DQG , UHDOL]HG KH UXQ

,W UDLQ VLQFH \RX OHDYH PH 6LQFH , ILQLVK VFKRRO , NHHS WR D GLHW

7KH JLUO FU\ VLQFH KHU PRWKHU JR DZD\

([ 8QGHUOLQH WKH HUURUV LQ WKHVɟ VɟQWHQɫHV 5HZULWɟ HDɫK VHQWɟQɫH

D 6DOO\ WROG WKDW VKɟ G ORVW KɟU Nɟ\V

E %LOO VDLG Pɟ WKDW Kɟ ZDQW WR OɟDYɟ ɟDUO\

ɫ ɆDU\ DQG ɌɨP VDLG WKɟ\ ZLOO Vɟɟ XV WRPRUURZ

G 7LP VDLG , P ɫRPLQJ WR \RXU SDUW\

ɟ 6DP VDLG WKDW VKɟ KDG ZURWɟ D OɟWWɟU WR /XF\

I 6WɟYɟ DVNHG ZKHQ LV VKɟ DUULYLQJ

J , KDG ERXJKW D QɟZ ELNɟ 3DP WROG XV

K :KDW V WKɟ PDWWɟU" ȿOOɟQ WROG

([ &RPSOHWH HDɫK VHQWHQFH XVLQJsaɭ, tellRUspɟakLQ DQ DSSURSULDWH IRUP

D 0LFKDHO Pɟ WKDW Kɟ ZDV SOD\LQJ LQ WKɟ VɫKRRO IRRWEDOO WɟDP

E , WR +DQU\ DQG Kɟ KH ZRXOG SKRQɟ \RX LQ WKH HYHQLQJ

ɫ <RX Uɟ OXɫN\ 0LNH , \RX WKDW \RX ZRXOG ZLQ

G$WUDQVODWRU WKɟ 3UɟVLGɟQW ZKDW HYɟU\RQɟ ZDV

ɟ /RRN , KɟU ZK\ GRQ W \RX Pɟ ZKDW \RX PɟDQ"

I , P\ WɟDɫKHU WKDW ,-DSDQHVH EXW VKɟ GLGQ W EɟOLɟYɟ Pɟ

([ &RPSOHWH HDFK TXHVWLRQ LQ GLUHFW VSHHFK HQGLQJ DV VKRZQ

E.g. Jane asked me whether I was having lunch with them. –'Are you having lunch with us?' Jane asked me.

&DWK\ DVNHG 6XH ZKDW VKH KDG GRQH WKH GD\ EHIRUH-LP DVNHG XV LI ZH RIWHQ ZHQW VDLOLQJ 0DU\ DVNHG PH KRZ PDQ\ )UHQFK ERRNV , KDG &KULVWLQH DVNHG -RKQ LI KH ZDV JRLQJ WR FKDQJH VFKRROV$QGUHZ DVNHG PH ZKR , VDW QH[W WR LQ FODVV

67

ГолубеваС.А.,КупрашТ.В. ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: EATING HABITS, HEALTHYLIFESTYLE

5(3257,1* ,1752'8&725< 9(5%6

9 WR LQILQLWLYH

WR DJUHH WR GR VPWKWKDW ± ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱ ɥ ɱɬɨ

“Ok, I’ll help you!” – He agreed to help us. / “You are right.” – He agreed that I was right.

WR UHIXVH WR GR VPWKɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱ ɥ

“I will not help you!” – He refused to help me. WR SURPLVH WR GR VPWK± ɩɨɨɛɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱ ɥ

“I won’t forget your birthday.” – He promised not to forget my birthday. WR RIIHU WR GR VPWKWR RIIHU VPE VPWK ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱ ɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɭ ɥ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“Let me help you.” – He offered to help her. / He offered her his help.

9 VPE WR LQILQLWLYH

WR WHOO DVN EHJ RUGHU ZDQW VPE WR GR VPWK± ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɭɦɨɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɬɟɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɬɨ ɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“(Please) go away.” – He told / asked / begged / ordered / wanted me to go away.

WR LQYLWH VPE WR GR VPWK± ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɤɨɝɨ ɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“Jane, come to see me some day.” – He invited Jane to go to see him some day.

WR DGYLVH VPE WR GR VPWK± ɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɭ ɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥ

‘You should sleep more.” – He advised me to sleep more.

WR DOORZ VPE WR GR VPWK± ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɭ ɥ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“You may go for a walk now.” – He allowed me to go for a walk.

9 JHUXQG LQJ IRUP

WR VXJJHVW GRLQJ VPWK± ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“Let’s go to the cinema.” – He suggested going to the cinema. WR GHQ\ GRLQJ VPWKWKDW ± ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɥ

³I didn’t take the book.” – He denied taking/having taken the book.

WR DGPLW GRLQJ VPWKWKDW ± ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“Yes, I told her the truth.” – He admitted telling/having told her the truth.

68

REPORTED SPEECH

9 WKDW

WR DGG WKDW± ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ

She said that she had seen the film before and added she had liked it very much.

WR H[SODLQ WRVPE WKDW ± ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɭ ɥ ɱɬɨ

³Your illness isn’t dangerous.” – The doctor explained (to me) that my illness wasn’t dangerous.

WR FRPSODLQ WKDW± ɩɨɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ

“The room is too hot.” – He complained that the room was too hot.

WR UHPDUN WKDW± ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ

“It’s getting late.” – He remarked that it was getting late. WR H[FODLP WKDW± ɜɨɫɤɥɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ

“What a delicious breakfast!” – She exclaimed that it was a delicious breakfast.

WR ERDVW WKDW± ɩɨɯɜɚɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ

“I can speak 10 languages.” – He boasted that he could speak 10 languages.

WR DJUHH WKDWɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ

“Yes, it’s a good idea.” – He agreed that it was a good idea.

WR SURPLVH WKDW± ɩɨɨɛɟɳɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ

“I’ll be home early.” – He boasted that he would be home early.

9 SUHS QRXQ JHUXQG

WR WKDQN VPE IRU VPWK IRU GRLQJ VPWK± ɩɨɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ ɤɨɝɨ ɥ ɡɚ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“Thank you very much for your help!” – He thanked me for my help / for helping him.

WR DSRORJLVH WR VPE IRU VPWK± ɢɡɜɢɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɟɦ ɥ ɡɚ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“I’m sorry I arrived late.” – He apologized (to me) for arriving late. WR FRPSODLQ DERXW VPWK ± ɩɨɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɥ

“The service is bad here.” – He complained about the bad service.

WR ERDVW RI DERXW VPWK ± ɯɜɚɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɦ ɥ

69

ГолубеваС.А.,КупрашТ.В. ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: EATING HABITS, HEALTHYLIFESTYLE

“I have wonderful children!” – He boasted of his children.

([ 5HSRUW WKH IROORZLQJ XVLQJ WKH YHUEV LQ EUDFNHWV

( J Joe said, "Please come to my party." (invite) Æ Joe invited me to come to his party.

I said, "Bobby, don't pull the cat's tail." (order) Æ I ordered Bobby not to pull the cat's tail.

7KH JXDUG VDLG 'RQ W WRXFK WKH H[KLELWV WHOO 0\ QHLJKERXU VDLG <RX

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³&RPH WR P\ RIILFH DW R¶FORFN ´ ZDQW

([ &KRRVH WKH PRVW DSSURSULDWH YHUE IURP WKH ER[ WR UHSRUW HDFK RI WKH

VHQWHQFHV 5HPHPEHU WKH\ DOO IROORZ WKH SDWWHUQ YHUE LQILQLWLYH

Example:

'If 1 were you, I'd stop smoking,' he said to me. He advised me to stop smoking.

D &RXOG \RX OHQG PH D KXQGUHG SRXQGV XQWLO QH[W ZHHN" VKH DVNHG PH

E +DQG LQ \RXU HVVD\V QH[W )ULGD\ WKH WHDFKHU WROG WKH FODVV

F 'RQ W IRUJHW WR WDNH \RXU FRDW WR WKH FOHDQHU¶V-RKQ¶V ZLIH VDLG WR KLP

G 3RS URXQG WR WHD WRPRUURZ 5DFKHO VDLG WR &OLYH

70