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Ɉɧɢɭɠɟɩɟɪɟɟɯɚɥɢɧɚɧɨɜɭɸɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ"Ʉɨɝɞɚɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɟɯɚɥɢ" Ɍɵɭɠɟ ɧɚɤɪɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥ" ± ɇɟɬ ɟɳɟ Ƚɞɟ ɧɨɠɢ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɢ" ± Ɉɧɢ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɬɟ Ɍɵ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ Ȼɪɚɣɬɨɧɟ" ± Ⱦɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ə ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɚ ɬɚɦ ɤɭɩɚɥɶɧɢɤ Ⱦɠɟɤ ɜɫɬɚɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɧɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɯɨɬɹ WKRXJK ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɞɧɨ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɚ Ɍɵ ɱɢɬɚɥɚ ɤɧɢɝɭ ©ȼɥɚɫɬɟɥɢɧ ɤɨɥɟɰª" ± ɇɟɬ ɧɨ ɹ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɫɶ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ Ɇɨɹ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ ɞɚɥɚ ɦɧɟ ɟɟ ɜɱɟɪɚ Ɉɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚ ɟɟ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡ ɫɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ" ± ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ ȼɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɥɢ" ɑɬɨ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɱɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ" Ɉɧ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɟɞɭ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɥɢ" Ɍɵ ɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɜ ɤɢɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ" Ɍɵ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɚ ɭɬɸɝ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɯɨɞɢɥɚ" Ɇɵ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɢɥɢ WR DVN VPE IRU VWK Ɂɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɝɨɬɨɜ Ɍɵ ɜɵɦɵɥɚ ɪɭɤɢ Ⱦɠɟɧɧɢ" Ɋɨɧɚɥɶɞ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɩɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢ ɬɵ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɭɛɪɚɥ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ Ɉɧ ɜɫɟɟɳɟɫɩɢɬ"±ɇɟɬɨɧɭɠɟɩɪɨɫɧɭɥɫɹɧɨɟɳɟɧɟɜɫɬɚɥ əɭɠɟɫɞɟɥɚɥɚ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɸɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ ə ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ

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48

PERFECT AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢ Ɉɧ ɫɴɟɥ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɬɵ ± Ɋɚɡɜɟ ɬɵ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɲɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥ

ɫɥɚɞɤɨɟɠɤɨɣ" Ɍɨɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɹɢɱɧɢɰɭ ɫ ɛɟɤɨɧɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧɢɧ Ɍɵɜɟɱɧɨɠɚɥɭɟɲɶɫɹɉɨɱɟɦɭɛɵɬɟɛɟɧɟɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ" ə ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɬɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɟɲɶ

35(6(17 3(5)(&7 &217,18286

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I’ve been trying to learn English for about 2 years (ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ) / for ages (ɭɠɟ ɫɬɨ ɥɟɬ, ɰɟɥɭɸ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ) / for a few months now (ɭɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ) / *for

the past 5 years (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 5 ɥɟɬ) / for a long time (ɞɚɜɧɨ).

He’s been working here since last autumn / *since he moved house.

50