Практика речи. Eating habits, healthy lifestyle. Учебное пособие
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*Her husband left her 5 years ago, and she’s been living alone ever since
I’ve been working at my term paper all week /* recently /*a lot lately.
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We’ve been working for 2 hours now. – We worked for 2 hours yesterday. I’ve been tired all day (today). – I was tired all day yesterday.
We’ve known each other for a long time. We met a long time ago / long ago.
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ГолубеваС.А.,КупрашТ.В. ПРАКТИКА РЕЧИ: EATING HABITS, HEALTHYLIFESTYLE
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