Говорим и пишем по-английски правильно. Учебно-методическое пособие

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Task 153. Read the text. Translate it into Russian.

IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,AmericanschoolingisSchoolcompulsorySystemfortheageof5to16–18,depending on the state. At the age of 5 American children go to kindergarten. In most schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school.

Around age 6, U.S. children begin elementary school. They attend it for five or six years and then go to secondary school. Secondary school consists of two programmes: the first is “middle school” or “junior high school” and the second programme is “high school”. Most secondary schoolsprovideclassesinEnglish,Mathematics,Science,SocialStudiesandPhysicalEducation. But along with compulsory subjects, there are optional courses called electives. A high school diploma is awarded upon graduation from high school. After graduating high school (12th grade),U.S. studentsmaygotocollege oruniversity.TheScholasticAptitude Test(SAT)and the AmericanCollegicTest(ACT)arethemostcommonstandardizedteststhatstudentstakewhen they apply to college. College or university acceptance is based on copies of transcript (high school grades), personal recommendations from teachers, achievements outside school (e.g.: extra-curricular achievements), and college aptitude tests.

There are also private schools in the USA which may set admission criteria (many reject below-average students) and charge tuition. Some private schools take only gifted students. Some schools are for students with learning disabilities. Some of them are run by churches and known as parochial schools3.

1)Taskсостоять154. GiveизEnglishдвух программequivalents.

2) проводить занятия по английскому, математике, точным наукам 3) наряду с … 4) по окончании средней школы

5) после окончания 12 класса

6) самые общие стандартизированные тесты/экзамены

7) подать документы на поступление в высшее учебное заведение

8) прием в университет / зачисление

9) устанавливать критерии отбора учащихся

10) характеристика от учителя

11) достижения вне школы, внеаудиторная деятельность 12) отказывать учащимся, у которых уровень знаний ниже среднего 13) талантливые учащиеся 14) учащиеся с пониженной обучаемостью 15) управляться церквями

3 См. https://en.wikipedia.org

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Task 158. Answer the questions.

1. Is there a compulsory education in America? For what age?

2. Where do children go at the age of 5?

3. What levels is American secondary education divided into?

4. What basic subjects does American high school provide?

5. What are optional courses? What are they for?

6. What certificate are students awarded upon graduation from high school?

7. What are the most common standardized tests?

8. What is college acceptance based on?

9. Is it easy to enter a private school in America? What students do they take?

10. Are there any other types of schools except public and private ones? What are they?

1Task. В159Америке. Translateобучениеinto Englishявляется. обязательным в возрасте с 5 до 16–18 лет. 2. В 5 лет американские дети идут в детский сад.

3. Образование в США делится на начальную школу, средние классы и старшие классы средней школы.

4. Детипосещаютначальнуюшколувтечение5–6лет,азатемпереходятвсреднюю школу.

5. Большинство средних школ проводят занятия по английскому, математике, точным наукам, обществознанию и физкультуре.

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6.Наряду с обязательными предметами есть и предметы по выбору.

7.По окончании средней школы вручается аттестат о полном общем среднем образовании.

8.Чтобы подать документы в университет, учащийся должен сдать один из самых общих стандартизированных экзаменов: отборочный тест или тест американского колледжа.

9.Зачислениевуниверситетосновываетсянавыпискеиззачетно-экзаменационной ведомости,характеристикахучителей,внеаудиторнойдеятельностииуниверситетском тесте на проверку способностей.

10.Американские частные школы устанавливают критерии отбора учащихся, принимают только одаренных учеников и взимают плату.

11.Некоторые школы предназначены для учащихся с пониженной обучаемостью.

12.Некоторые школы управляются церквями и известны как церковно-приходские школы.

Task 160. Retell the text about American education.

L e t ’ s d o a b i t o f G r a m m a r

Task 161. Focus on the following information.

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Task 162. Define the syntactical function of Participle I. Translate the sentences into

Russian.

1.2. LookBeingatantheorphangirl at six, heatwasthebroughtwindow.up by a distant relative.

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Task 164

A Paraphrase the sentences using Participle I in the function of attribute.

1e..g.:IThetookmanthewhomagazineis readingthatwasthis booklyingisonmythefatableher. →. The man reading a book is my father.

2. I ate the sandwiches that were lying in the fridge.

3. The woman who is talking to the students is our lecturer.

4. The title of the book that was lying on the table caught his eye.

5. John is one of the students of this university who lives in London.

6. I didn’t know the man who was greeting me during lunchtime.

7. Jack hurried in to see Clara, who was lying with pneumonia.

8. At last Tom who was talking to Kate, looked at me.

9. Ted came up to a group of teens who were quarrelling over something.

10. He opened the door that led into the cellar.

11. The students who were sitting in the back of the auditorium could not hear the lecturer.

12. Most of the lecturers who work at this university have received comfortable flats in hew

houses.

13. Many students who learn English are members of our English club.

14. The man who sells newspapers showed me the way to the bank.

15. The woman who teaches French at our school studied in Paris.

16. The person who is doing research on cancer is my close friend.

17. The girl who is reciting the poem is my niece.

18. The boys who are playing hockey are our neighbours.

19. The woman who is sitting in the library is my aunt.

20. The girl who is talking to my dad is my close friend Julia.

B. Join the following sentences according to the model:

The train is.about to leave. It is standing at Platform 4. → The train standing at Platform 4 is

1.toTheleaveconferenceisdevotedtotheproblemsofenvironmentalprotection.Ittakesplaceat the Academy of Sciences.

2.These students have been sitting here for a long time. They are waiting for the dean.

3.The plane is being refuelled. It leaves at 7 p.m.

4.Her daughters are standing behind the door. They are playing hide-and-seek.

5.This old fence wants mending. It surrounds our garden.

6.The horse was the winner of a similar event last year. It leads the race.

7.The train is about to leave. It stands at Platform 2.

8.TheconferenceisdevotedtoL.S.Vygotsky.ItisheldatAltaiStatePedagogicalUniversity.

9.The students have been waiting for their lecturer for a long time. They are sitting near the Department of Foreign Languages.

10.The canal was built in 1938. It supplies the whole area with water.

Task 165. Paraphrase the sentences using Participle I in the function of adverbial modifier of reason.

e.g.: As Michel was busy, he refused an invitation. → Being busy, Michel refused an invitation.

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1.As Tom was depressed, he didn’t want to talk to anybody.

2.As the Smiths were very tired, they refused to go for a walk.

3.As Ted was very absent-minded, he made some mistakes in the dictation.

4.As I didn’t know Chinese, I had to turn to the guide for help.

5.As I was happy with my results, I decided to go out and celebrate.

6.As Steven was late for the lecture, he had to wait for the bell to ring.

7.AsJohnwasslightlydeaf,hedidn’tunderstandwhattheirhomeworkforthenextlessonwas.

8.As we were tired, we decided to go shopping on Sunday.

9.As we lived near the University, we always walked there.

10.As Kate felt hungry, she went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.

11.As he was poor, he didn’t spend much on clothes.

12.As Chris knew that his mother was coming, he cleaned the flat.

13.As Liz was disappointed with this exhibition, she didn’t want to go to such kind of exhibitions any more.

14.As I knew a little Italian, I had no difficulty making myself understood.

15.As I work as an interpreter, I travel a lot.

16.As the weather was nice, we decided to go for a picnic.

17.As the play was very popular, it was very difficult to get tickets.

18.As it is rather cold, I put on my coat.

19.As Charles’s mother teaches English, he knows the language very well.

20.As Mrs. Johnson’s daughter was ill, she couldn’t go to the cinema.

Task 166. Compose sentences beginning with not + Participle I to express cause. Use

the words suggested.

e.g.: know what to do / decide to wait → Not knowing what to do, we decided to wait. 1) know the way to the theatre / decide to ask a passer-by

2) understand the text / could not retell the story

3) know Kate’s new telephone number / could not ring her up 4) know what to buy Jack / decide to ask him about it

5) know the way to the station / decide to ask a passer-by 6) know the words in the text / couldn’t translate it

7) know the new words in the text / decide to learn them

8) know anything about the exhibition that was held in the Tretyakov Art Gallery / decide to learn some information about it

9) know where Kate was / decide to call her

10) understand the Spanish text / decide to consult a dictionary

Task 167. Paraphrase the sentences using Participle I in the function of adverbial modifiere.g.: of time.

When. theyweregoinghome,theymettheirteacher.→(When)goinghome,theymettheir

teacher

1. While Samantha was translating the text from English into Spanish, she wrote out new words.

2. While we were crossing the bridge, we saw Alex.

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3.While I was going to the University, I met my groupmate.

4.When Steven saw me, he came up and shook my hand.

5.When Tom was climbing a mountain, he broke his leg.

6.When John was translating the article, he consulted a dictionary.

7.When the students were discussing this novel, they expressed their thoughts in good literary language.

8.Sandra lost her keys while she was walking through the park.

9.Kate met Chris when she was going to the airport.

10.Jessica opened the envelope and found 2 concert tickets.

11.Margarethe opened the door and saw her husband.

12.When Charles was studying at the university, he wrote a few articles.

1Task. Женщина168. Translate, сидящаяtheвsentencesкресле, –fromженаRussianредактораinto. English.

2. Ребенок, играющий во дворе, – мой племянник. 3. Стоящий у доски мужчина – наш преподаватель.

4. Будучи занятой, Саманта отказалась от предложения.

5. Будучи уставшей, Джейн решила остаться дома.

6. Будучи расстроенной, она не хотела разговаривать с Томом. 7. Будучи напуганной, Лиз позвонила Саманте.

8. Он читал книгу, лежа на диване.

9. Она готовилась к экзамену по литературе, слушая музыку. 10. Сандра читала новый роман, сидя в гостиной.

Task 169. Focus on the following information.

CATCH, FIND, LEAVE + OBJECT + PARTCICIPLE I

Указанные в рамке глаголы, предшествуя причастию, несут различный эмоциональный оттенок. Глагол to catch в этом случае свидетельствует о чем-то неприятном.

e.g.: I caught them stealing apples in my granny’s garden. – Я поймала (=застала) их,

ворующими яблоки в бабушкином саду.

If Samantha catches you reading her diary, she will be furious. – Если Саманта поймает

тебя за чтением своего дневника, она будет вне себя от ярости.

В случае с глаголами to find и to leave подобного неприятного чувства нет. e.g.: I found him standing at the door. – Я обнаружил его стоящим у двери.

I left him talking to Samantha. (=He was talking to Samantha when I left.) – Я оставил его болтающим с Самантой. (=Он болтал с Самантой, когда я уходил.)

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