Говорим и пишем по-английски правильно. Учебно-методическое пособие
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1.Kate was the only student who revised for the exam.
2.Amelia Earhart was the first woman who crossed the Atlantic by air.
3.Yuri Gagarin is the first man who flew into space.
4.Samantha was the only student who passed the exam in General Psychology.
5.They were the last group who graduated from this university.
6.Jessica was the only one who survived the crash.
7.Theo is the last person who left Kate’s birthday party.
8.Mrs. Smith was the first who offered her help.
9.Liz was the first person who reminded me to do it.
10.Dave was the only one who noticed this mistake.
11.David Howell was the youngest chess player in the UK who won the title of Champion.
12.Samantha was the third who came to the finish.
13.She was the last who learnt about their divorce.
14.Scarlett is the only one in the family who contributes money to charity.
15.Robert was the only applicant who received no reply to his letter.
theB. Composefirst (thesentenceslast) to comeusingJuliathe cuewas-wordsthe first. Followto comethe. model:
1)start work →
2)finish the project
3)see the dean
4)leave the library
5)conduct the research
6)discuss this issue
7)speak to the lecturer
8)write her final thesis
9)return home
10)translate the difficult text from Spanish into English
Task 45. Answer the questions according to the model:
I. Have you got many letters to write? → Yes, I’ve got a lot of letters to write.
1. Have you got much washing to do?
2. Have you got many texts to translate?
3. Have you got much ironing to do?
4. Have you got many experiments to conduct?
5. Have you got many compositions to check?
6. Have you got many presents to buy?
7. Have you got much shopping to do?
8. Have you got much homework to do?
II. Have you got many letters to write? →No, I haven’t got many letters to write.
1. Have you got many books to read?
2. Have you got many articles to analyze?
3. Have you got many projects to finish this year?
4. Have you got many issues to discuss today?
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5.Have you got many poems to learn by heart?
6.Have you got many reports to write?
7.Have you got many stories to read?
Task 46. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1A.. Мне есть, что сказать вам. 2. У Лиз есть, что сказать вам.
3. У преподавателя не было времени, чтобы поговорить с вами. 4. Вот пьеса, которую нужно поставить.
5. Вот книга, которую нужно взять в библиотеке. 6. Вот статья, которую нужно прочитать.
7. Вот текст, который нужно перевести с английского языка на русский. 8. Вот текст, который нужно проанализировать.
9. Вот сказка, которую нужно прочитать.
10. Вот контрольная работа, которую нужно проверить.
1B.. Кто пришел первым?
2. Кто первым ответил на этот сложный вопрос?
3. Джек первым предложил поехать за город.
4. Тед первым доказал это.
5. Кто последним просматривал эту научную статью?
6. Майкл – единственный студент этой группы, который успешно сдал экзамен по математике.
7. Кто первым вспомнил это?
8. Папа – единственный человек, который напоминает мне выключать свет, когда я выхожу из дома.
9. Кто первым решил эту сложную задачу?
10. Крис всегда последним отвечает на экзамене.
11. Это единственная проблема, которая заслуживает нашего внимания. 12. Это единственный вопрос, который интересует мистера Смита.
Task 47. Focus on the following information.
Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели
Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели может стоять как в конце, так и в начале предложения и отвечает на вопросы: «зачем?», «для чего?».
e.g.: To know English well, you must study hard. – Для того, чтобы знать английский язык хорошо, ты должен упорно учиться.
You must study hard to know English well. – Ты должен упорно учиться, чтобы знать
английский язык хорошо.
При переводе на русский язык вводятся союзы «чтобы» или «для того, чтобы».
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e.g.: We must work hard to solve this problem. – Мы должны упорно работать, чтобы решить эту проблему.
To solve this problem, we must work hard. – Для того, чтобы решить эту проблему, мы должны упорно работать.
Task 48. Join the sentences using the Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Purpose. |
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He came here. He wanted to see you. He came here to see you. |
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2. |
Alexander went to the café. He wanted to meet Ann. |
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3. |
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They are going to Paris. They want to visit their close friend. |
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Steven turned on the radio. He wanted to listen to the latest news.→ |
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5. |
Jane stayed at home. She wanted to study for her exam in History. |
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Michel went out. He wanted to buy a present for Clara. |
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7. |
My groupmate went to the florist’s. He wanted to buy some flowers. |
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I phoned George. I wanted to tell him about our seminar on Psychology. |
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9. |
Liz stayed at home. She wanted to finish her project. |
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10. |
My aunt went to the supermarket. She wanted to get some milk. |
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Sophia will go to the clinic tomorrow. She will be examined by the doctor. |
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Theo went to WalMart. He wanted to get some groceries. |
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Alex arrived in Moscow. He wanted to enter Moscow State University. ___________ |
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Task 49. Translate the sentences from Russian into English. |
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Дейв поступил в Оксфордский университет для того, чтобы получить хорошее |
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образование. |
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2. |
Тео остался дома, чтобы подготовиться к семинару по литературе. |
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Рита начала изучать французский язык, чтобы работать во Франции. |
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Мы взяли такси, чтобы приехать в аэропорт вовремя. |
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Виктория пошла на почту, чтобы получить посылку. |
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Они приехали в Москву для участия в олимпиаде по иностранному языку. |
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Завтра мы поедем в лес собирать грибы. |
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Роберт включил компьютер, чтобы проверить электронную почту. |
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Для того, чтобы выучить язык, вы должны как можно больше читать. |
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Джон включил телевизор, чтобы посмотреть футбольный матч. |
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Примечание.Вофициальномстилесинфинитивомцелиможетиспользоваться
союз in order (in order + to Infinitive)
e.g.:Hetookabookwithhiminordertohavesomethingtoreadonthetrain.–Онвзялссобой книгу для того, чтобы у него было что почитать в поезде.
In order to attract a wider audience, we need to rethink our marketing strategy. – Для того, чтобы привлечь более. широкую аудиторию, нам нужно пересмотреть нашу
маркетинговую стратегию
Инфинитивцелиупотребляетсялишьвслучае,еслидеятель,выполняющийдействие, выражаемое инфинитивом, является тем же самым, что и в главном предложении.
e.g.: He tiptoed through the hall in order not to be heard. – Он прошел на.цыпочках через коридор для того, чтобы не быть услышанным (чтобы его не услышали)
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Для образования отрицания при употреблении инфинитива в синтаксической |
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функции цели предпочтительнее использовать |
in order not to |
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not to |
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e.g.: |
Inordernottooversleep,Isetthealarmforseveno’clock |
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Длятого,чтобынепроспать, |
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ставлю будильник на семь часов утра. |
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In order not to lose time, we must act at once |
Для того, чтобы не терять время, мы |
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должны сразу действовать |
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Task50.Rewritethesentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeaning,usingtheconjunctions in order to or in order not to. You will need to omit some words, and you may need to
bage.g.: |
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change the word order. |
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Lizputtheletterinherbagbecauseshedidn’twanttoloseit.→Lizputtheletterinher |
in order not to lose it |
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She went to the café.because she wanted to talk to John. → She went to the café in order to |
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talk2.to John |
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You .should book the tickets early if you want to avoid disappointment. |
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I’ll leave work at 5.30 so I won’t be late. |
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Everybody stopped talking because they wanted to hear her sing. |
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If you want to pass the exam in Psychology, you will need to study very hard. |
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The Smiths moved out of the city because they wanted to have a quieter life. |
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Michel waited outside the house because he wanted to see her when she came here. |
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We don’t want to waste any time, so let’s start the meeting now. |
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Samantha got up early because she wanted to be ready for John’s call. |
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Jessica opened the door quietly because she didn’t want to disturb the baby. |
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If you want to qualify for the award, you should be under twenty-five. |
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Task 51. Make up sentences with the conjunction “in order not to” as in the example:
(to be late) for the. meeting, I went to bed earlier. → In order not to be late for the meeting, I
went1. to(tobedoversleep),ea li Liz set the alarm clock for 6 a.m.
2. John had an afternoon nap (to fall asleep) at the concert later.
3. The Smiths are going to leave by three (to get stuck) in the rush-hour traffic.
4. (to fail his exam), Patrick was reading through all his notes all the evening yesterday. 5. Robert opened the door quietly (to disturb) the baby.
6. Jessica put the letter in her bag (to lose it).
7. Keep the CD in its case (to damage it).
8. I’ll leave work at 4.30 (to be late).
9. George put on his coat (to get cold).
10. I walked very slowly across the room with the drinks (to spill them).
11. Theo didn’t tell her the bad news (to disappoint) her at her birthday party.
12. Sam does all his homework (to disappoint) his mom.
13. (to have) problems, we must pay all taxes.
14. Mr.Smithisthinkingtobuyahouseinthecountryside(toraise)hischildinthisdangerouscity.
15. Ryan wrote down her name (to forget it).
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Task 52. Focus on the following information.
Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Action
Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства последующего действия
Чаще всего инфинитив в данной функции выражается такими словами, как повествованииdiscover, to hear,. to find, to realize, а также их синонимами и, как правило, используетсяto see, toв
e.g.:JohnwenttoAfricatodieofmalaria.–ДжонотправилсявАфрикуиумеротмалярии. He came into the room to find. that it was empty. – Он вошел в комнату и обнаружил, что
она пустая (там никого нет)
1Task. Robert53. Translatelooked uptheandfollowingfound hisentencesmother. into Russian.
2. Sophia entered the room and discovered that it was empty.
3. Theo woke up and heard the rain that was lashing the window-panes.
4. Scarlett looked up and saw a dark-haired man.
5. Steven woke up and heard Liz’s voice.
6. Charlotte opened her eyes and realized that Ted was a liar.
7. The police broke into the house and found nobody there.
8. Martha woke up and heard her mom’s voice.
9. Jessica looked up and found her friend.
10. Kate entered the flat and discovered the broken window in the sitting-room.
Task 54. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. Роберт бросился к двери и обнаружил, что она заперта. 2. Дети проснулись и увидели, что на улице идет снег.
3. Скарлетт прилетела из Нью-Йорка и обнаружила разбитое в квартире окно. 4. Они открыли дверь и обнаружили, что комната полна людей.
5. Когда Тед и Кейт вернулись с вечеринки, они обнаружили в подъезде кота. 6. Чарльз вошел в комнату и обнаружил, что в комнате открыто окно.
7. Полиция ворвалась в дом и обнаружила разбитые стекла на окнах. 8. Тео вернулся из командировки и обнаружил, что никого нет дома. 9. Кейт проснулась утром и обнаружила, что знаменита.
10. Джон вернулся домой и обнаружил, что Элизабет ждет его у подъезда.
Task 55. Focus on the following information.
Infinitive as Adverbial modifier of result
Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства результата
Инфинитививфункциирезультатаили. следствиястоитвпредложениипосленаречий too (слишком) enough (достаточно)
e.g.:Heistooyoungtounderstandthis.–Онслишкоммолод,чтобыпонятьэто.(=Hecan’t understand this.)
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Heisoldenough). tounderstandthis.–Ондостаточномолод,чтобыпонятьэто.(=Hecan understand this
Task 56. Combine each of the following sentences into one using too with infinitive.
e.g.: Liz is very tired. She can’t go out tonight. → She is too tired to go out tonight.
1. My granny is rather old. She can’t wear that kind of clothes.
2. Robert’s wife was furious. She couldn’t speak.
3. Liz was tired. She couldn’t study for her seminars.
4. Michel is very impatient. He never listens to anyone.
5. Steven is very lazy. He won’t get up early.
6. Julia was very nervous. She couldn’t answer any questions.
7. John is very snobbish. He won’t talk to any of us.
8. Sandra is very ill. She can’t eat anything.
9. Helen is young. She can’t stay at home on her own.
10. John is very polite. He won’t make any fuss about the bad service.
11. The oranges were very bitter. We couldn’t eat them. (*опустить them)
12. The package is very thick. I can’t push it through the letterbox. (*опустить it)
13. The jeans are very informal. I can’t wear them to the conference.
14. The car is very small. It’s impossible to fit in all the children.
15. The suitcase was very heavy. It was impossible to carry it. (*опустить it)
Task 57. Combine each of the following sentences into one using enough with the
infinitive.
e.g.: John is tall. He can reach the shelf. → John is tall enough to reach the shelf.
John isn’t tall. He can’t reach the shelf. → John isn’t tall enough to reach the shelf.
1. The coffee isn’t strong. It won’t keep us awake.
2. Tom is smart. He can enter Cambridge University.
3. Steven isn’t smart. He can’t enter Oxford University.
4. It’s not very dark. We can’t see the stars very clearly.
5. Victoria was very kind. She could forgive him.
6. It’s still early. We can cancel the tickets.
7. The suitcase is big. It can hold your clothes and mine.
8. Eleanor trains hard. She may win the competition.
9. Theo is very intelligent. He can understand the situation.
10. Bob is very strong. He can lift 80 kilos.
Task 58. Rewrite the sentences with too or enough.
1. The Smiths’ car is very wide. It won’t get through those gates.
2. Julia is very smart. She can enter Harvard University.
3. Jessica was terrified. She couldn’t move.
4. It’s very cold. We can’t have lunch on the balcony.
5. Michel trains hard. He can join this hockey team.
6. Ryan is clever. He won’t make any mistakes.
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7.Theo’s memory is very bad. He can’t memorize all this.
8.Charlotte is very kind. She can run charity for homeless people.
Task 59. Find the errors and correct them.
1. Jessica is enough fast to win the race.
2. I’m old enough travelling alone.
3. I am poor enough to pay money for my education.
4. Robert is tired enough to come to his friend’s birthday party.
5. I’m not enough tall to reach the top cupboard.
6. Ryan is enough smart to enter Harvard University.
7. The painter is too enough proud to stand any criticism.
8. The man is wicked too to make you a good husband.
9. Kate is short too to reach the ceiling.
10. Scarlett isn’t enough old to go out alone.
11. The plate was hot too to touch.
12. The grass was wet too to sit on.
13. The light is weak too to read by.
14. The light was enough strong to read by.
15. The garden isn’t enough big to play games in.
Task 60. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. Эта книга слишком большая, чтобы прочитать ее быстро. 2. Было уже поздно что-либо менять.
3. Том недостаточно подготовлен, чтобы поступать в Оксфордский университет. 4. Стив достаточно умен, чтобы понять это.
5. Вопрос был слишком сложным, чтобы решить его так быстро. 6. Я слишком устал, чтобы идти в кинотеатр сегодня.
7. Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы обедать в саду. 8. Сегодня слишком жарко, чтобы гулять в парке.
9. Это платье слишком короткое, чтобы надевать его в университет. 10. Майкл слишком горд, чтобы занимать у вас деньги.
11. Дом был достаточно старым, чтобы продавать его за такую цену. 12. Маргарет слишком молода, чтобы воспитывать детей самой.
13. Джон был слишком расстроенным, чтобы обратить внимание на свою сестру. 14. Чарльз был достаточно добродушным, чтобы помочь ей.
15. Писатель был слишком уставшим, чтобы закончить свою пьесу.
Task 61. REVISION. State the function of the Infinitives. Translate the sentences into
Russian.
1. Kate was too much excited to sit still.
2. I arrived in Belfast to visit my sister.
3. The man is too wicked to make you a good husband.
4. Tom woke next morning to find himself in a strange room.
5. The problem is too serious to discuss it now.
6. I came here to tell you the good news
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7.Jessica’s office was the next room to clean.
8.Samantha went to the door to open it.
9.John went out into the street to find himself alone.
10.Don’t disturb me. I’ve got a project to finish this evening.
11.I was hungry enough to enjoy my coffee and rolls.
12.To be kind to others is important.
13.To pass this test, you need to achieve a score of 70 % or more.
14.Elton is usually the last person to understand the joke.
15.I’m calling to place an order with your company.
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UNIT II
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
School time is the most memorable and wonderful time ever. Do you agree?
Speak about your sweetest memories of school.
Task62.MatchtheEnglishwordstotheirRussianequivalents.Learnthewordsbyheart.
1)A.pupil |
a) абитуриент |
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2) |
applicant |
b) директор школы |
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3) |
lesson |
c) оценка |
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4) |
subject |
d) контрольная работа |
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5) |
school teacher |
e) 1-й класс, 2-й класс… 11-й класс |
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6) |
1st form, 2nd form… 11th form |
f) каникулы |
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7) |
mark |
g) учебный год |
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8) |
test |
h) предмет |
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9) |
headteacher / headmaster |
i) |
урок |
10) vacation |
j) |
ученик |
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11) academic year |
k) школьный учитель |
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1)B.compulsory education |
a) доступное образование |
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free education |
b) государственная школа |
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general education |
c) независимая школа (общее название |
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для школ, самостоятельных в финансовом |
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vocational education |
отношении, частных школ) |
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d) общеобразовательная школа |
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higher education |
e) профессионально-техническое образование |
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6) |
available education |
f) начальная школа |
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7) |
pre-school education |
g) бесплатное образование |
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8) |
primary education |
h) высшее образование |
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private school |
i) |
частная школа |
10) state-funded school |
j) общее образование |
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11) independent school |
k) дошкольное образование |
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12) primary school |
l) |
начальное образование |
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13) secondary school |
m) обязательное образование |
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14) state school |
n) средняя школа |
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15) comprehensive school |
o) школа, субсидируемая государством |
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Task 63. Study the difference of the following verbs.
1)to learnучить что-либо с целью усвоить определенные знания. e.g.:
2) учитьсяJames learnsчто-либоFrenchделатьat schoolпутем. – Джеймсприобретенияизучаетопределенныхфранцузский внавыковшколе. .
e.g.: Helen has never learnt to cycle to this day. – Хелен не научилась ездить на велосипеде
и по сей день.
1)to studyучить что-либо путем чтения, занятий; заниматься изучением какой-либо отрасли науки с целью стать специалистом в этой области.
e.g.:
2) учитьсяTom wantsчто-toлибоstudyделатьLaw. –. Том хочет изучать юриспруденцию.
e.g.:Iknewonegirlwhostudiedtoplaytheharp.–Язналоднудевушку,котораянаучилась
играть на арфе.
обучатьto teach кого-либо, сообщая знания; преподавать.
e.g.:MymomteachesMathematicsatschool.–Моямамапреподаетматематикувшколе.
Task64. Fillinthegapswithtoteach,tolearnortostudy.Usethecorrectgrammarform.
1. Our history teacher always says that it’s never too late to … .
2. Monika has never … to play the banjo to this day.
3. Old men can … many things.
4. I don’t understand Italian myself, I … it at school, but completely forgot.
5. Our local authorities are … pollution problems today.
6. He can’t drive a car, but he is going to … how to do it.
7. Nina is a very capable student. She has … how to drive in two months.
8. I am planning to … Literature when I graduate from University.
9. Dominick went to London to … painting for which he had some ability.
10. My granddad used to say ‘Live and …’ .
11. When you … others you learn yourself.
12. Mark gives all his leisure time to … the Celts.
13. Emma … the poem by heart to recite it at the contest.
14. Grammar rules cannot be properly … without examples.
Task 65. Study the school subjects. Learn the new words by heart.
A.Find English definitions to the subjects in the box. Give Russian equivalents.
Chemistry |
Physics |
Geometry |
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Information Technology (IT) |
Physical Education(PE) / Gym |
Music |
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Biology |
Handcrafts |
Art |
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Algebra |
Foreign Language |
Psychology |
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History |
Geography |
Literature |
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e.g.: the school lesson where |
children learn how to read and develop this skill – Reading |
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