Говорим и пишем по-английски правильно. Учебно-методическое пособие

Примечание.Глаголletобычнонеупотребляетсявстрадательномзалоге(*The childrenwereletdo…). Вместо него, как правило, употребляются глаголы to allow или to permit (более официальная форма)

Thechildrenwereallowedtodowhatevertheywanted.–Детямразрешилиделатьвсе,что они хотят.

Photography is permitted for non-commercial use only. – Фотографирование разрешено только в некоммерческих целях.

Task 91. Say what your parent let (don’t let) or make (don’t make) you do using the

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4)wear anything I want

5)invite friends home

6)go to parties at the weekend

7)watch TV all day long

8)do my homework

9)listen to music late at night

10)take the dog for a walk

Task 92. REVISION.

A. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. John wants me to enter Oxford University.

2. Tom would like Jennifer to graduate from Harvard University.

3. Steven wants Liz to move to London.

4. Mom wants her to study for her finals.

5. Sarah would like Alex to marry her.

6. I heard the professor mention these facts in his lecture.

7. I’ve never heard him speak anything but Russian.

8. Charles saw Kate leave the house 5 minutes ago.

9. Theo noticed Charles lock it with his own key.

10. I’ve just seen him get off a bus.

11. I heard Theo mention it when he was speaking to the dean.

12. Martha made her husband help her with the housework.

13. Sarah doesn’t let him use her car.

14. Theo made him apologize for his bad behaviour.

15. Margarethe doesn’t let her daughter go for a walk late in the evening.

B. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Все ожидают, что она найдет хорошую работу в Санкт-Петербурге.

2. Я хочу, чтобы вы сами поговорили с деканом и обсудили с ним эту проблему. 3. Мы ожидали, что семинар по психологии будет в пятницу.

4. Я хочу, чтобы ты успешно сдала все экзамены.

5. Я видела, как он перешел дорогу возле торгового центра. 6. Они не видели, как Джон зашел в аудиторию.

7. Вы слышали, как профессор упомянул об этих фактах в своей лекции? 8. Я не хочу, чтобы ты делала этот проект в спешке.

9. Мы заметили, как он нервно поговорил с Джейн. 10. Сандра заставила меня выпить лекарство.

11. Мама заставила Джона выключить компьютер.

12. Позволь мне помочь тебе.

13. Мы заставили Кейт сдержать обещание.

14. Не позволяйте ему сидеть в Интернете сутки напролет.

15. Саманта позволяет своему сыну-подростку гулять во дворе поздно вечером.

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Task 93. Focus on the following information.

Complex Subject

(The Subjective Infinitive Construction)

КонструкцияComplexSubject–этопредикативныйкомплекссинфинитивом,который включает подлежащее (Subject) (существительное/местоимение в общем падеже или личное местоимение в именительном падеже) и инфинитивную фразу (более подробно см. Колесов, Широкова [1]). Этот комплекс употребляется c ограниченным количеством глаголов:

1) saying / reporting verbs; 2) mental activity verbs; 3) sense perception verbs.

Pattern 1:

NOUN / PRONOUN + BE ANNOUNCED / BE SAID / BE REPORTED / BE MENTIONED + INFINITIVE e.g.: John is reported to live in Moscow. – Сообщается, что Джон живет в Москве.

Pattern 3:

NOUN / PRONOUN + BE HEARD / BE SEEN / BE NOTICED / BE OBSERVED + INFINITIVE

e.g.: Mrs. Smith was heard to mention those facts. – Слышали, как миссис Смит упомянула о тех фактах.

1Task. Kate94. Translateis said to workthe followingfor an Americansentencescompanyinto.Russian.

2. Steven is believed to live in Paris.

3. Jennifer is heard to study abroad.

4. Charles is expected to enter Harvard University.

5. They are said to come to Julia’s birthday party.

6. Martha is thought to work as a lecturer.

7. Theo is believed to be disappointed.

8. Linda is said to be John’s wife.

9. Robert is mentioned to write his degree paper.

10. Michel is supposed to travel a lot.

eTask.g.: 95. Substitute the subordinate clause for the Complex Subject. .

ItissaidthatheworksforanItaliancompany.→HeissaidtoworkforanItaliancompany

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1.It is said that he works for a famous American company.

2.It’s reported that John works as a lecturer at Cambridge University.

3.It is said that he knows 6 foreign languages.

4.It’s said that they live in Australia.

5.It’s reported that his project has success.

6.It’s reported that her new novel is a success all over the world.

7.It’s said that my son’s football coach is very strict.

8.It is said that Chris works at the university.

9.It’s said that the film is very interesting.

10.It’s reported that he is in Moscow now.

Task 96. Substitute the subordinate clause for the Complex Subject.

e.g.: It is believed that she knows almost everything. about F. Dostoevsky. → She is believed to

know almost everything about F. Dostoevsky

1. It’s believed that he is a good at Maths.

2. It is thought that they are married.

3. It’s considered that he is the best lecturer at Cambridge University.

4. It’s believed that he likes all the stories about Harry Potter.

5. It is thought that Julia knows several foreign languages.

6. It is assumed that he knows everything about French painting.

7. It is considered that she is an experienced athlete.

8. It is thought that John knows so little about the education system in his own country.

9. It is supposed that she studies at one and the same university with her best friend.

10. It is assumed that she is quite content with her new job.

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3.The weather is supposed to change.

4.The doctor is supposed to do his best.

5.Steven heard them quarrel.

6.This student is thought to pass his exams.

7.I’d like you to call me today.

8.They are believed to go abroad this summer.

9.They would like us to discuss this problem at the meeting.

10.She is said to visit N. Safronov’s exhibition.

11.I saw Julia cross the street.

12.Sandra is supposed to regret about it.

Task 99. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Полагают, что он талантливый писатель.

2. Говорят, что она работает преподавателем в одном из московских университетов. 3. Полагают, что он неплохо говорит по-итальянски.

4. Ожидается, что наша команда победит.

5. Считают, что ей очень нравится этот спектакль.

6. Сообщается, ее роман имеет успех, как в России, так и за рубежом. 7. Говорят, что этот фильм имеет успех в России.

8. Ожидается, она сдаст успешно все экзамены.

9. Полагают, что он обсудит данный вопрос на конференции. 10. Ожидается, что эта лекция будет интересной.

11. Полагают, что он специалист по этим вопросам. 12. Говорят, что эта книга принадлежит Джону.

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UNIT III

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

1)Tasknursery100. Study/ nurserythe voschoolabulary(BrE). Learn– детскийit by heartсад .

2) infants / infant school (BrE) – начальная школа для детей от 5 до 7 лет 3) juniors / junior school (BrE) – младшая школа для детей от 7 до 11 лет

4) grammarschool(BrE)–«грамматическаяшкола»(государственнаясредняяшкола Великобритании, которая дает образование на очень высоком уровне и принимает детей с лучшими результатами)

5) technical school (BrE) – техническая школа (государственная средняя школа Великобритании, которая делает упор на технические предметы и сферу деятельности, занимающуюся бизнесом)

6) free school (BrE) – бесплатная школа (государственная академическая школа в Великобритании без статуса гимназии, имеющая большую автономию в определении школьной программы)

7) faith school (BrE) – духовная школа (государственная школа Великобритании) 8) secondary modern school – средняя современная школа (государственная средняя

школа Великобритании, которая дает базовое среднее образование с практическим уклоном)

9) public school (BrE) – частная школа Великобритании

10) boarding school – школа-интернат

11) the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination (BrE) – экзамен на сертификат о среднем образовании (проводится в возрасте 16 лет)

12) further Education College – колледж дополнительного образования

13) the sixth form – «шестой класс», школа по подготовке к университетам (для подростков от 16 до 18 лет)

14) ‘A’ (Advanced) Level Exams – экзамен продвинутого уровня ‘А’ (по двум-трем предметам)

15) university graduate – выпускник университета

16) bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра

17) Degree of a Bachelor of Arts / Degree of a Bachelor of Science / Degree of a Bachelor of Engineering – степень бакалавра гуманитарных наук / степень бакалавра естественных наук / степень бакалавра технических наук

18) master’s degree – степень магистра

19) doctor’s degree – степень доктора

20) PhD / Doctor of Philosophy – степень доктора наук (*это общее сокращение для научнойстепенидокторанауквовсехнаучныхобластяхвзападнойсистемеобразования)

Task 101. Match the vocabulary words from the exercise above to their English

definitionse.g.: .

1. Auniversityfirst degreedegreein a sciencesuchassubjectanMA. orDegreeanMScofwhicha Bachelorisofahigherof Sciencelevelthanafirstdegree and usually takes one or two years to complete.

2. A person who has been awarded a first academic degree.

3. A school where students reside during the semester.

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4.A private school in GB.

5.A religious school in GB.

6.A state school which charges no fees.

7.A school for young children, mainly between the ages of three and five.

8.A school in Britain for children aged between eleven and eighteen who have a high academic ability.

9.A school in GB for children between the ages of five and seven.

10.A school in GB for children aged between 7 and 11.

11.A secondary school in GB that offers more practical and less academic education to children not selected for grammar or technical schools.

12.Public examinations taken for the General Certificate of Education (GCE), usually at the age of 17-18.

13.Classesthatpupilsgointoattheageofaboutsixteen,usuallyinordertostudyforAlevels.

14.The highest academic degree in any field of knowledge. It is also called a doctorate.

15.A first degree in humanities or a social science subject.

16.A public examination in specified subjects for 16-year-old schoolchildren.

17.A college where you can go after leaving school in order to study academic subjects and to train for particular jobs.

18.A school in Britain for children aged between eleven and eighteen who study mainly technical sciences and business.

Task 102. Read the text about education in Great Britain. Translate it into Russian.

Education in Great Britain

Schooling in Britain is compulsory and free for all children from 5 to 16. The state school system is usually divided into 2 stages (secondary and primary). The majority of primary schools are mixed.

Primary education begins at the age of 5 in England, Wales and Scotland, and 4 in Northern Ireland. It includes three age ranges: nursery for children under 5, infants from 5 to 7, and juniorsfrom7to11yearsold.Innurseryschools,babiesdon’thaverealclasses,theylearnsome elementarythingssuchasnumbers,coloursandletters.Besides,theyplay,havelunchandsleep there.Childrenusuallystarttheirschooleducationinaninfantschoolwhereeducationislargely informal (they read, write, make use of numbers and develop their creative abilities). Then at the age of 7 they move to junior school where they have Arithmetic, Reading, Composition, History, Geography, Nature Study and other subjects.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. In Britain, there are to systems: selective and non-selective. Within non-selective system over 85 per cent of secondary school pupils from the age of 11 to 16 or 18 attend comprehensive schools.Comprehensiveschoolsbringaboutageneralimprovementinthesystemofsecondary education. The curriculum includes English, Mathematics, History, Geography, Art, Music, Religion and at least one foreign language.

Within selective system which is still preserved in some area children are sent to grammar, technical or secondary modern schools.

Grammar schools provide an academic course for selected pupils from the age of 11 to 18. Onlythosechildrenwhohavegotthebestresultsareadmittedtotheseschools.Theygivepupils ahighlevelofacademiceducationwhichcanleadtotheuniversity.Grammarschoolsteachboys and girls separately.

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Technical schools offer a general education with a technical basis. The curriculum includes more lessons of Science and Mathematics.

Secondary modern schools provide a non-academic education for children of lesser attainment.Thecurriculumincludesmorepracticalsubjects(Cooking,Needlework,Gardening, Shorthand, Typing, Woodwork, Metalwork).

There are some other independent, state-funded schools such as free schools and faith schools. Free schools are a new type of prestigious, free schools in Great Britain. They are not controlled by local authorities. Free schools offer a broad and balanced curriculum. Faith schools are religious schools that teach a general curriculum but have got a particular religious character or formal links with a religious organization.

The main school examination, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination is taken at the age of 16. If pupils are successful, they may either go to a Further Education College or they may continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after the GCSE, study for 2 more years for ‘A’ (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to enter one of British universities.

Along with state primary and secondary schools, there are private schools in Great Britain. About 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend public schools. Most of these schools are boarding ones,wherechildrenliveaswellasstudy.Itisveryexpensivetosendyourchildtosuchaschool but it gives all the chances to enter almost any University.

Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview. After three years of study a university graduate gets a bachelor’s degree (Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering). Many students then continue their studies for a master’s degree and then a doctor’s degree (PhD)2.

Task 103. Give English equivalents.

1) изучать простейшие вещи

2) развивать творческие способности

3) посещать общеобразовательную школу 4) сдавать экзамен на сертификат о среднем образовании в 16 лет

5) продолжить образование в школе по подготовке к университету

6) предлагать обширный и сбалансированный учебный план

7) поступить в университет

8) отправить ребенка в частную школу

9) проводить отбор учащихся

10) получить степень бакалавра гуманитарных наук

Task 104. Use the words from the box to fill in the gaps.

2 См. https://www.native-english.ru/

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4.Secondary modern schools provide a non-academic education for children of … .

5.Only those children who have the best results are … to grammar schools.

6.Afterthreeyearsofstudya…getstheDegreeofaBachelorofArts,ScienceorEngineering.

7.The … in technical schools includes more lessons of Science and Mathematics.

8.Grammar, technical or secondary modern schools are educational institutions within British … system.

9.Withinnon-selectivesystem,over85percentofsecondaryschoolpupilsfromtheageof 11 to 16 or 18 attend … schools.

10.Along with state primary and secondary schools, there are private schools in Great Britain which are called … .

Task 105. Give the opposite to the following words. Make word combinations with

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Task 109. Answer the questions.

1. Does British educational system offer free and compulsory education? To what age?

2. What stages does the state school system comprise?

3. What schools come into the system of primary education in Britain? What age range is included?

4. What do children do in the nursery, infants and juniors?

5. At what age does a compulsory secondary education begin?

6. What type of schools do children attend within non-selective system? How long? What does the curriculum include?

7. What types of schools can children attend within selective system? How long?

8. What is a grammar school like?

9. What is a technical school like?

10. What is a secondary modern school like?

11. What other independent, state-funded schools do you know? Why are they different?

12. What examination do schoolchildren take at the age of 16?

13. What can children do when they get the General Certificate of Secondary Education?

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