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14.What is a private school like in GB? Why do some families choose such schools for their children?

15.How do universities select applicants? What degrees do they offer?

Task 110. Translate into English.

1. Обучение в Великобритании обязательно и бесплатно для детей в возрасте от 5 до 16 лет.

2. Всистемуначальногообразованиявходитдетскийсаддлядетейдо5лет,начальная школа для детей от 5 до 7 лет и младшая школа для детей от 7 до 11 лет.

3. В детских садах у малышей нет настоящих занятий, они изучают простейшие вещи, такие как числа, буквы и цвета.

4. В начальной школе дети учатся читать, писать, считать, а также развивают свои творческие способности. В начальной школе дети посещают уроки истории, природоведения, арифметики, чтения, географии, письма и другие.

5. В Великобритании образовательная система делится на неселективную и выборочную.

6. В рамках неселективной системы дети в возрасте от 11 до 18 посещают общеобразовательную среднюю школу и изучают такие предметы, как английский язык, математика, история, география, искусство, музыка, религия и по крайней мере один иностранный язык.

7. Врамкахвыборочнойсистемыдетейотправляютвграмматические,технические или средние современные школы.

8. Грамматическаяшколаобеспечиваеточеньвысокийуровеньакадемическойподготовки. Учебная программа технической школы включает больше уроков по точным наукам и математике. Средняя современная школа предлагает неакадемическое обучение для детей с меньшими достижениями.

9. Бесплатная школа и духовная школа – это новые типы школ, которые являются независимыми,престижными,находящимисянапопечениигосударства.Онинеконтролируются местными властями и предлагают обширный и сбалансированный учебный план.

10. В возрасте 16 лет ученики сдают главный экзамен на сертификат о среднем образовании.Послеэтогоонимогутпойтилибовколледждополнительногообразования, либо продолжить свое обучение в школе по подготовке к университету.

11. После завершения программы шестого класса ученики сдают экзамены продвинутого уровня, которые включают 2 или 3 предмета. Это дает им возможность поступить в один из университетов Великобритании.

12. НарядусгосударственнымишколамивВеликобританииестьчастныешколы,которые в основном являются интернатами. Отправить ребенка в такую школу очень дорого, но она дает все шансы для того, чтобы поступить в университет.

13. Университеты проводят отбор учащихся, учитывая результаты экзаменов продвинутого уровня и собеседования.

14. После трех лет обучения в университете выпускнику присваивается степень бакалавра.

15. Студенты могут продолжить свое обучение и получить степень магистра, а затем степень доктора.

Task 111. Draw a scheme of British education. Use the information from the text.

L e t ’ s d o a b i t o f G r a m m a r

Task 112. Focus on the following information.

Gerund

Герундий

Герундий является неличной формой глагола, подобно инфинитиву, сочетающей в себе свойства глагола и существительного.

e.g.:

ГерундийSmokingотличаетсяis harmfulот. –инфинитиваКуре е – вртемдно,что. ,называядействие,онсохраняетоттенок процессуальности, что не свойственно инфинитиву.

	Герундий используется в следующих случаях:
lov1., Обычно после таких описывающих общие предпочтения глаголов, как
	.						dislike, like,
enjoy, hate		(в общем) –				;
e.g.:I like to help		(в общем) –				;		.
			(это хорошая идея) –					.
I like reading				Я люблю читать (чтение)
	people					Мне нравится оказывать помощь людям
2. После глаголов: avoid, admit, confess, deny, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest, etc.
e.g.: She avoided answering my question. – Она избегала ответа на мой вопрос.
on,3. После глаголов с предлогами:						, etc.
					aim at, accuse of, apologize to smb for, forget about, insist

look forward to, object to, rely on, succeed in, worry about

e.g.: I am looking forward to hearing from you. – С нетерпением жду от вас ответа. 4. После конструкции be + adjective + preposition: to be good at, to be tired of, etc.

e.g.: John is tired of working late at night. – Джон устал работать поздно ночью.

Task 113. Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund. Translate the sentences into

1.Robert. gave up _________ (smoke).

2.The children prefer ________ (surf) the net to reading.

3.John is against _________ (make) any complaints.

4.It’s no use __________ (cry) over spilt milk.

5.I suggest __________ (discuss) this issue early next week.

6.Kate finished _________ (speak) and left the conference hall.

7.It’s difficult to get used to _________ (eat) with chopsticks.

8.We are looking forward to _________ (read) a new book about Harry Potter.

9.If you put your money into that business, you risk _________ (lose) everything.Russian

10.Imagine ____________ (live) somewhere in Miami.

11.I don’t enjoy _________ (surf) the net all day long.

12.Theo succeeded in ____________ (finish) his project in time.

13.John hates __________ (borrow) money.

14.Martha finally succeeded in _________ (pass) her driving test.

15.Jessica apologized for _______ (be) late.

16.They succeeded in __________ (get) the new contract.

17.Samantha apologized for ________ (upset) her mom.

18.Scarlett accused him of __________ (cheat).

19.My tutor suggested __________ (revise) for the exam.

20.I don’t mind ____________ (be) alone when I’m busy.

Task114.Expressyouragreementstartingwithgerund.Youmayneedtochangesomewords.

e.g.: –

A good way of keeping fit is to swim every day. → Yes, I agree. Swimming every day is a

good way of keeping fit

– It takes a long.time to learn a foreign language. – Quite so. ______________________

– Give up smoking: it will make you feel better. – You are right. ___________________

– It’s cheaper to go by rail than by air. – Just so!_________________________________

– Grow your own food. It’s less expensive. – Fair enough! ________________________

of cour

– It’s very difficult to

study at

Altai

State Medical University.

– Yes

se!_________________________________________________________________

– You are not allowed to smoke here. – _______________________________________

– It’s difficult to pass an exam in Chemistry. – _________________________________

– It’s not very pleasant to be in hospital. – _____________________________________

– It’s more difficult to speak a foreign language than to read it. – ___________________

10.

– It’s forbidden to walk on the grass. – ________________________________________

11.

– It’s prohibited to talk to the groupmates during the exam. – ______________________

12.

– It’s prohibited to use any cribs during the exam. – _____________________________

13.

– One thing I can’t do is swim on my back. – ___________________________________

14.

– It’s difficult to be polite to someone you don’t like. – ___________________________

15.

– It’s easy to enter this university. – __________________________________________

Task 115. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use the gerund.

eat

keep

translate

read

live

spend

speak

see

study

swim

I’ve just finished _________ the book about Harry Potter.

Are you good at _____________ from English into Russian.

I have to avoid __________ chocolate.

___________ yoga is a good way to relax.

I can’t imagine ______________ at another university.

We are really looking forward to _________ you again.

You need to practise ____________ English if you want to pass your English exam.

Kate enjoys _____________ time with her relatives.

_____________ in a foreign country can be very difficult.

10.

_____________ every day is a good way of ___________ fit.

Samanthatoenjoys

poetry.

Task 116. Underline the correct form.

We hope

/to playyou againsoon.

Michel practises

to write

writ

the guitar every day.

see

seeing

going

mistakes in your final test.

Please, avoid

to go/

Steven suggested

playing

out for a walk.

to make

making

about.

It’s not worth

We decidedto surf

Moscow State University.

John wants

to worry

worryi g

thenet today.

to enter

ent

ing

angry.

I can’t imagine our lecturer

10.

Would you mind

surfing

the window? It’s cold.

to get

gett

to close closing

ГерундийTask 117. Focusв составеon the followingпредложенияinformation:может выполнять следующие основные синтаксические функции:

Подлежащее	– Овладение этой специальностью является
Синтаксическая функция	Примеры
Прямое дополнение	Mastering this specialty is an indispensable thing.
Прямое дополнение	отремонтировать.
	необходимостью
	The car needs repairing. – Машину нужно
Предложное дополнение	говорила о своем путешествии.
Определение	Mrs. Smith spoke about her travelling. – Миссис Смит
Определение	разработан новый метод обучения детей.
Именная часть составного сказуемого	The new method of teaching children was created. – Был
Именная часть составного сказуемого	занятие – чтение.
Обстоятельство сопутствующего	My favourite occupation is reading. – Мое любимое
Обстоятельство сопутствующего	разговаривала с отцом, не замечая Тома.
действия	After returning to Moscow he resumed his work.
Обстоятельство времени	Kate talked to her dad without noticing Tom. – Кейт
Обстоятельство времени	работу.
	– После возвращения в Москву он возобновил

Gerund as Subject

Герундий в функции подлежащего

Герундий в качестве подлежащего может занимать начальную позицию в предложении.

e.g.: I am an artist. And swimming is my hobby. – Я художник. А плавание – мое хобби.

ГерундийLearning rules, выполняющийwithout examplesфункциюis useless.подлежащего– Изучение правил, можетб з примеровтакже стоять– бесполезнопосле. сказуемого, имеющего перед собой формальное подлежащее Такое употребление часто встречается после сочетаний: It.

It’s no use	бесполезно
It’s useless
It’s no good	стоит
It’s worth

Is it any good

It’s a pleasure – удовольствие (приятно)

e.g.: It’s a pleasure showing you the sights of my native city. – Показывать тебе достопримечательности моего родного города – удовольствие.

It’s no use arguing with her. – Спорить с ним – бесполезно.

Task118.Askeachotherquestionsasinthemodel.Usethegerundwiththecue-words. e.g.: cycling /skatingB:→A: What is your hobby?

A: Cycling is my hobby. And yours?

Mine is skating.

1) collecting coins / collecting stamps

2) reading / dancing

3) dressmaking / cooking

4) learning foreign languages / writing poems

5) painting / reading

6) skating / skiing

7) collecting old books / collecting autographs

8) knitting / sewing

9) making toys / painting

10) painting / drawing

Task 119. Focus on the pattern and transform the sentences in accordance with it.

IT’S NO USE + DOING SOMETHING

e.g.: It is useless to invite her to your birthday party. She won’t come. → It is no use inviting

her to your birthday party.

1. It isuseless to grow tomatoes in this region. The summer is too short; they won’t ripen.

2. It is useless to ask her for help. She won’t help you.

3. It’s useless to teach her to play the violin. She has no ear for music.

4. It’s useless to teach her foreign languages. She doesn’t have any desire to study them.

5. It’s useless to complain Mrs. Smith about it. She doesn’t believe you.

6. It’s useless to teach Liz to drive a car. She isn’t going to drive a car in the future.

7. It’s useless to read Liz any books. She doesn’t listen to you.

8. It’s useless to go shopping now. Most of the shops don’t work on Sunday.

9. It’s useless to go to the theatre now. The tickets are sold out.

10. It’s useless to go to the library now. It’s closed.

Task 120. Focus on the following information.

Gerund as Direct object

Герундий в функции прямого дополнения

Герундий как прямое дополнение употребляется после следующих глаголов и конструкций:


tosuggest toenjoy,togiveup,tobeworthof,tobebusy,toavoid,toimagine,todeny,toexcuse,
to mind, to recommend,,		to risk, etc.:
e.g.:I	I enjoyed painting him. – Мне очень понравилось его рисовать.
don’t mind your including this book in the list				. –	Я не возражаю против того, чтобы ты
включил эту книгу в список
Avoid using unknown words.			in speech. – Избегай использования незнакомых слов в речи.
Task 121. Rephrase these sentences using the gerund after the verb to suggest.
e.g.:	Let’s do more exercises on the gerund next time. → I suggest doing more exercises on the

gerund next time
1.	Let’s go to. the cinema tonight.
2.	Let’s have another meeting next week.
3.	Let’s meet John in the afternoon.
4.	Let’s put the piano in the sitting room.
5.	Let’s go for a walk on Sunday.
6.	Let’s discuss this problem tomorrow.
7.	Let’s leave by the 7.45 train.
8.	Let’s look for the missing papers in the drawers.
9.	Let’s talk to John today.
10.	Let’s go to the theatre tonight.
Task 122. Express the same idea with the gerund construction.
1.	They suggestedthat we should take an early train.
e.g.:	I suggested that we should meet him. → I suggested meeting him.
2.	Theo recommended that I should enter this university.
3.	John suggested that we should go there by taxi.
4.	George recommended that we should buy this car.
5.	Liz recommended that I should consult a doctor.
6.	Ryan denied that he took part in the performance.
7.	Jessica suggested that we should move to Scotland.
8.	I suggested that we should have a rest.
9.	I suggested that she should go to the GP.
10.	They suggested that we should discuss this issue.

	Task 123
	A. Focus on the pattern and transform the following sentences using gerund.
				ENJOY + DOING SOMETHING

	e.g.:		Itgavememuch	pleasurere tosee this performance. → I enjoyed seeing this performance.
1.				work with her.
2.			It gave me much pleasure to read the novel by Fitzgerald.
3.			It gave me much pleasure to play chess.
4.			It gave me much pleasure to listen to this lecture.
5.			It gave me much pleasure to travel in this country.
6.			It gave me much pleasure to visit Bolshoi Theatre.
7.			It gave me much pleasure to talk to Mrs. Smith.
8.			It gave me much pleasure to visit N. Safronov’s exhibition
9.			It gave me much pleasure to visit Saint-Petersburgh.
10.			It gave me much pleasure to go for a walk in this park.
	B. Answer the following questions according to the model:
	Do you like to travel by sea? – Yes, I enjoy travelling by sea. / No, I don’t enjoy travelling by sea.
I enjoy travelling by air.
1.			Do you like to read books by E. Hemingway?
2.			Do you like to walk when it drizzles?
3.			Do you like to buy presents for your relatives?
4.			Do you like to sing?
5.			Do you like to listen to classical music?
6.			Do you like to ski?
7.			Do you like to swim in the sea?
8.			Do you like to study Russian Literature?
9.			Do you like to read detective stories?
10.			Do you like to watch American movies?
	Task 124. Focus on the following information.
	После глаголов want, need, deserve, require герундий в большинстве случаев
употребляется в действительном залоге:
				WANT / NEED / DESERVE / REQUIRE + GERUND

	e.g.:	The jeans need washing. – Джинсы нужно постирать. (Джинсы нуждаются в

стирке.) This question deserves mentioning. – Этот вопрос стоит упомянуть.
	Task 125. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1.			The old cupboard needs repairing.
2.			Julia’s jeans need patching.

3.John deserves praising.

4.This issue deserves discussing.

5.Jonathan deserves punishing.

6.Those problems deserve mentioning.

7.Kate’s child deserves praising.

8.Michel’s shoes need polishing.

9.Jack’s desk needs cleaning.

10.The house requires painting.

Task 126. Make dialogues according to the model:
B:			→A:				.
My	daughter won the competition. (deserve / praise)			My daughter won the competition
My	My congratulations! She deserves praising.
1.	Jessica’s house is very old. (require / repair)		______________________________________________
2.	John’s jeans have got lots of tears. (need / patch) _________________________________________
3.	Thewhite linen isverydirty. (require/ boil)	→	→		→
4.	There is something wrong with Kate’s computer. (want / fix)					___________________________
5.		→
5.	Thisisaveryinterestingissue.(deserve/discuss)

7.This coat is very loose. (need / let out at the seams) →_____________________________________

8.This shirt is very tight. (require / take in at the seams)→ __________________________________

9.This problem concerns both of us. (deserve / discuss) →___________________________________

10.The plants haven’t been watered yet. Their leaves are withered→ . (want / water) __________6. The floor in the kitchen is very dirty. (require / mop)→ ____________________________________

Task 127

A. Focus on the pattern and transform the following sentences using gerund.

TO BE WORTH+ DOING SOMETHING

e.g.: This laptop is very good. I advise you to buy it. → This laptop is worth buying.

1. This American novel is very interesting. I advise you to read it.

2. This film is good. I advise you to watch it.

3. This museum has many interesting things. I advise you to visit it.

4. This lecture is very interesting. I advise you to listen to it.

5. Many companies need people with the knowledge of a foreign language. I advise you to learn it.

6. Chinese is a very challenging language. I advise you to learn it.

7. There are lots of wonderful paintings at this exhibition. I advise you to visit it.

8. This article is very interesting. I advise you to read it.

9. This man is very smart. I advise you to communicate with him.

10. This project is very good. I advise you to do it.

B.Respondtothesesentenceswithaquestion.Usethegerundaftertobeworth.Follow the model:

I’ve seen the film. → Is it worth seeing?

1.I’ve seen the sights of Paris.

2.I’ve read the novel by F.S. Fitzgerald.

3.I visited the exhibition of the French impressionists.

4.We bought a new German car.

5.Scarlett has seen a new film that stars S. Bullock.

6.They bought a new cottage in the countryside.

7.Theo has read the novel by E. Hemingway.

8.Jessica went to the Museum of Modern Art.

9.Charlotte visited the performance.

10.They visited Madonna’s concert.

Task 128. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Не стоит обсуждать эту научную статью.

2. Этот польский фильм не стоит смотреть.

3. Она учится очень усердно в этом университете. Ее нужно похвалить. 4. Эти студенты делают успехи в учебе. Их нужно поощрить.

5. Стоит посетить выставку французских художников.

6. В аудитории беспорядок. Ее нужно прибрать.

7. Эту музыку не стоит слушать.

8. Стоит обсудить эту проблему.

9. Этот роман не стоит переводить на русский язык. 10. Эта юбка очень грязная. Ее нужно постирать.

11. Эту статью нужно опубликовать в международном журнале.

12. Кейт заслуживает, чтобы ее уважали.

13. Эту пьесу стоит посмотреть.

14. Об этих фактах стоит упомянуть.

15. Об этом не стоит спорить.

Task 129.. Complete the sentences using the gerund of the verb in brackets. Mind the

active form

1. Your hair is very long. It needs _______ (cut).

2. The house is shabby. It needs __________ (repair).

3. Steven’s answer was brilliant. He deserves ___________ (praise).

4. The book is really very interesting. It’s worth ___________ (read).

5. Their educational system is out-of-date. It deserves _________ (reform).

6. The movie is very boring. It’s not worth __________ (see).

7. Her son’s behavior was awful. He deserves __________ (punish).

8. This skirt is old-fashioned. It’s not worth ________ (buy).

9. Samantha’s suggestion is very interesting. It deserves _________ (discuss) at the meeting.

10. The writer’s remark is very witty. It’s worth _________ (quote).

11. My shoes are very old. They need ___________ (repair).

12. I don’t enjoy ____________ (go) to the doctor.

13. Niagara Falls is worth __________ (see).

14. The exhibition is not worth _________ (visit). Most of the paintings are fairly mediocre.

15. The book is well worth _________ (read) if you are going to take the English exam.

Task 130. Focus on the following information

Gerund as Prepositional object

Герундий в функции предложногоПредл жноедополнениядополнениеупотребляется после следующих глаголов с предлогами и адъективных оборотов с предлогом:

to approve of		to be fond of
to think of		to be afraid of
to object to		to be pleased at
to devote to		to be interested in
to look forward to		to be surprised at
to succeed in		to be ashamed of
to insist on		to be annoyed at
to depend on		to be serious in
to thank for
e.g.:						.
	She is afraid of getting fat. – Она боится поправиться.
Jackinsistsondoingthejobhimself Джекнастаиваетнатом,чтосделаетработусам
			news	Мы были удивлены услышать эти новости	.
We were surprised at hearing the			.– . –
Task 131. Open the brackets using gerund.
1.	Kate is good at __________ (listen) to people.
2.	Victoria is interested in __________ (apply) for this job.
3.	John succeeded in ___________ (break) the record.
4.	Scarlett’s good at ____________ (translate) texts from Russian into English.
5.	Jessica’s looking forward to ________ (see) Mark.
6.	She never thanked me for __________ (help) her.
7.	Liz is good at ___________ (interpret) from English into French.
8.	Sophia’s thinking of __________ (go) abroad.
9.	We’re looking forward to _________ (hear) from you.
10.	She’s thinking of ___________ (do) her new project.
Task 132. Focus on the pattern and transform the following sentences using gerund.
		TO THINK OF + DOING SMTH

e.g.: I think I’ll go to Moscow next week. → I think of going to Moscow next week.
1.	I think I’ll go to the theatre tomorrow.
2.	I think I will join this football team.
3.	I think I will finish my project on Monday.
4.	Tom thinks he will go to Paris next month.
5.	Chris thinks he will do his research next year.
6.	She thinks she will take a taxi.
7.	Liz thinks she will take a few photos.
8.	Kate thinks she will surf the net all day long.

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