Говорим и пишем по-английски правильно. Учебно-методическое пособие

UNIT V

TEACHING AS A CAREER

Do you know any teacher who is famous?

What should a teacher do to become world-known?

Task 66. Study the vocabulary. Learn it by heart. Get ready for a quiz.

1) an educationalist – педагог

2) a method of teaching – метод обучения

3) to graduate from medical school – окончить медицинский колледж

4) to be an avid reader – быть заядлым читателем 5) to be well-schooled – быть хорошо образованным

6) to bear one’s name – носить чье-либо имя

7) an ambitious student – целеустремленный студент

8) to change one’s mind – менять мнение; изменять решение 9) special children – дети с особенностями в развитии

10) to make unexpected gains – делать неожиданные успехи

11) to free children’s minds – освобождать разум ребенка

12) to design learning materials – разрабатывать учебные материалы

13) to provide somebody with something – обеспечивать кого-либо чем-либо 14) to dedicate oneself to something – посвящать себя чему-либо

15) to be a success – иметь успех

Task 67. Change the underlined words and phrases to the vocabulary words.

1. She finished medical school in 1896.

2. She altered her decision to enter this college.

3. Like her mother, she was a bookworm.

4. It’s very interesting to communicate with well-educated people.

5. This woman devoted herself to designing teaching methods.

6. All the children made surprising success.

7. She was a well-known teacher from Italy who designed learning materials.

8. Her programme had success all over the world.

9. She worked out learning materials.

10. She worked with exceptional children.

Task 68. Read the text.

Maria Montessori

Maria Montessori was a famous Italian educationalist whose method of teaching has influenced people all over the world. Born in the province of Ancona, Italy in 1870, Montessori became the first female doctor in her country after she graduated from medical school in 1896.

Herfatherwasafinancialmanager.Hermotherwaswell-schooled.Mariawasanavidreader that was unusual for Italian women of that time. She immersed herself in many fields of study before creating the educational method that bears her name.

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Maria was an ambitious student. When she was 13, she entered a technical institute to prepare for a career in engineering. However, she changed her mind and decided to become a doctor instead. She applied to the medical program of Rome University, but was rejected. Maria took additional courses to better prepare to enter the medical school. With great effort, she managed to enter this school.

Maria’s early medical practice focused on psychiatry. She also developed an interest in education. She attended classes on Pedagogy. She studied different methods of teaching special children carefully observing and experimenting to learn which teaching methods worked best. Many of the children made unexpected gains. The program was a success.

Working with special children, she set up a “Children’s House” (Casa dei Bambini) in Rome. This was the place where she developed the Montessori Method, an educational system that encourages an informal style of teaching. Children learn from handling everyday materials and they develop at their own pace. The Montessori philosophy is simple. Children are unique individuals who must be free to learn without being criticized or restricted. It is the child that controlsthepace,topicandlessons,nottheteacher.Asaresult,childrenenjoylearningandthis gives them confidence and makes them happy.

The Montessori Method also helps children to become independent. Very young children learntodressthemselves,tocookandputtheirtoysandclothesaway.Childrenareencouraged to repeat activities as often as they wish, and they develop their observation skills by doing different activities. A Montessori Method teacher observes children closely in order to provide themwithindividuallearningprogrammes.Theteacherisaguide,notaleaderoftheclassroom, helping to open students’ eyes to the wonders around them.

M. Montessori wanted to free children’s minds so that they would learn by self-teaching and self-correction. Maria designed learning materials and a classroom environment that fostered the children’s natural desire to learn. News of the school success soon spread through Italy. By 1910, Montessori schools were acclaimed worldwide.

In the years following, and for the rest of her life, Maria dedicated herself to advancing her child-centered approach to education9.

Task 69. Find English equivalents in the text.

1) оказать влияние на людей во всем мире

2) подготовиться к карьере

3) брать дополнительные курсы

4) суметь поступить

5) посещать занятия по педагогике

6) метод Монтессори

7) образовательная система

8) погружаться во многие исследовательские сферы

9) быть признанными во всем мире

10) нетрадиционный стиль обучения

11) навыки

12) наблюдать за детьми

13) продвигать подход

14) разрабатывать метод

15) самообучение; самообразование

9 См. https://www.native-english.ru/

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Task 70. Fill in the prepositions.

1. M. Montessori graduated … medical school in 1896.

2. Being a bookworm was unusual … Italian women of that time.

3. She applied … the medical program of Rome University.

4. She attended classes … Pedagogy.

5. Children develop … the own pace.

6. The teacher provides children … individual learning programmes.

7. The teacher helps to open students’ eyes … the wonders … them.

8. Maria dedicated herself … advancing her child-centered approach … education.

9. M. Montessori wanted children to learn … self-teaching and self-correction.

10. News of the school success soon spread … Italy.

Task 71. Say if the statements are true or false. Prove it.

1. Maria Montessori’s method of teaching has influenced people worldwide.

2. Maria’s early medical practice was based on psychiatry.

3. Many of the children unfortunately didn’t make any success.

4. She attended classes on Psychology.

5. It is the teacher that controls the pace, topic and lessons.

6. When she was working with special children, she set up a “Children’s House” (Casa dei Bambini) in Rome.

7. She thought self-teaching and self-correction were not productive methods of teaching. 8. According to the Montessori philosophy, children are unique individuals who must be

free to learn without being criticized or restricted. 9. The teacher is a leader of the classroom.

10. Sheworkedoutlearningmaterialsandaclassroomenvironmentthatcontributedtothe development of the children’s natural desire to learn.

Task 72. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Where was M. Montessori born?

2. She was a bookworm, wasn’t she?

3. What did her early medical practice focus on?

4. Where did she set up “Children’s House” working with special children?

5. What is the core of Montessori’s philosophy?

6. What for does a Montessori Method teacher observe children closely?

7. Is the teacher a guide or a leader of the classroom according to her philosophy?

8. What do Maria’s learning materials foster in children?

9. By what year were her schools acclaimed all over the world?

10. What activity did she devote herself to for the rest of her life?

Task 73. Which of the following points are true for you? What other points do you

have?1. Children are unique individuals who must be free to learn without being criticized or restricted.

2. It’s really good when very young children learn to dress themselves, to cook and put their toys and clothes away.

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3.The teacher is a guide, not a leader of the classroom, helping to open students’ eyes to the wonders around them.

4.Work with special children requires special training and education.

5.It’s easy / difficult to use Montessori method working with modern children.

Task 74. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Мария Монтессори окончила медицинскую школу, но в итоге стала известным итальянским педагогом.

2. Метод Марии Монтессори известен во всем мире. Он основывается на нетрадиционном стиле обучения.

3. Перед тем, как Мария разработала свой собственный метод, она тщательно изучала различные методы работы с детьми с особенностями в развитии.

4. Атмосфера в классе способствовала развитию у детей естественного желания к обучению.

5. Педагог использует индивидуальные образовательные программы при работе с каждым отдельным ребенком.

6. Детям нравится учиться, потому что это делает их счастливыми.

7. Монтессори продвигала свой подход, в центре которого находится ребенок. 8. Мария посвятила себя школе, которая и по настоящий момент носит ее имя.

Task75.ExpressyourideasontheroleofM.Montessori’smethodinthemodernworld in an essay.

L e t ’ s d o a b i t o f G r a m m a r

Task 76. Focus on the pattern If I were you, I would…

Для того чтобы дать совет, используется конструкция If I were you, I would… – На

твоем месте я бы…

Втомслучае,еслисоветотноситсякнастоящемуилибудущему(

reference), форма условного наклонения в главном предложении неперфектнаPresent/Future: time

IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD DO SMTH

e.g.: If I were you, I would not go there. – На твоем месте я бы туда не ходил.

В том случае, если совет относится к прошедшему ( ), форма условного наклонения в главном предложении перфектна:Past time reference

IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD HAVE DONE SMTH

e.g.: If I were you, I would have learnt how to drive. – На твоем месте я бы уже научился водить машину.

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Task 77. Translate into Russian. State the time reference of the main clause.

1. If I were you, I would drink a cup of coffee and think a little.

2. If I were you, I would not do it. You’ll regret about it very soon.

3. If I were you, I would call Tom for the party. He is your close friend.

4. If I were you, I would not watch such films.

5. If I were you, I would not skip lectures. You will certainly have problems.

6. If I were her, I would have gone to the swimming pool to lose weight.

7. If I were him, I would have chosen the Arabic language to study. I can’t understand why Alex has chosen Vietnamese, he’s planning to work in the Arabic Emirates.

8. If I were you, I would have learnt these grammar rules by heart. It was your only task.

9. If I were him, I would have taken a taxi. John was terribly late.

10. If I were her, I would not have talked to parents like that. They got upset.

Task 78. Use the correct form of the verb.

1. If you were me, what (to do) here and now?

2. If I were you, I (to apologise). You were very rude to all those present.

3. If I were Nick, I (to practise) harder. It will definitely influence his final marks.

4. If I were Lilly, I (not to dye) my hair black. This colour makes her look older.

5. If I were you, I (not to buy) this red sofa. The dark blue one looked more stylish.

6. If I were Alex, I (not to spend) so much time playing computer games. He should pay more attention to his studies.

7. If I were you, I (to take) a puppy. Your son Jimmy will be delighted.

8. If I were Fred, I (to sell) this old car long time ago.

9. If I were you, I already (to visit) the United Kingdom of Great Britain. It has always been your dream.

10. If I were you, I (to take) a nap. You look extremely tired.

Task 79. Give your comments. Mind the time reference.

e.g.: I like travelling by bus. Last time I traveled to Moscow and back by this means of

transportation. – If I were you, I would have traveled by plane.

1. I think it is senseless to go to the gym. I prefer to spend more time at home, lying on the sofa and watching TV.

2. I think fast food is a perfect snack. I always buy hamburgers and Coca-Cola for lunch.

3. I think people shouldn’t help each other. I try to focus on my needs and problems.

4. I am sure it is silly to visit other countries. I have never visited any.

5. I can’t understand why people study foreign languages. When I was a student, I skipped all the English classes.

6. It is so boring reading books! I prefer playing computer games or watching sitcoms.

7. I think it is silly to respect others’ feelings. I always ignore people when I am in low temper.

8. If I am late, I never say sorry.

Taske.g.: 80.ReadaboutTina’splans.Say,howyouwouldplanyourvacationifyouwereher.

TinaIfisI wereplanningTina,toI wouldspendgohertovacationEngland. IfinIsomewere her,EnglishI wouldn’tspeakinghavecountrychosen Chinato practise. the language that was rather good at school. She has chosen China. She is going all alone. Tina

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has bought a train ticket as she thinks it is much cheaper to travel by train than by plane. Tina hasn’t booked a room in the hotel since she is going to spend the first day looking for her accommodation there. She has studied the Chinese language for a month. Thus, Tina is going to use public transport as she is sure her language skills will help her to find the way in China all by herself. Tina is taking a lot of books because she is firmly convinced there is nothing to see in the country. Tina is going to sleep much as she works hard. Probably she will get up at noon andgostraighttothebeach.Tinabelievesitisstupidtobuysunscreenassheisgoingtobecome bronzed.Thegirlhateswastingmoneythatiswhysheisplanningtohaveamealinthelocallow dives. Tina believes that the best souvenir is something exotic. Therefore, she will bring durian fruits as a present for her friends and family.

Task 81. Translate into English.

1. На ее месте я бы купила это голубое платье.

2. На его месте я бы извинилась. Он абсолютно не прав. 3. На твоем месте я бы не брал в долг денег.

4. На ее месте я бы поступил в университет.

5. На твоем месте я бы выпил чашку зеленого чая.

6. На его месте я бы постарался не опаздывать. Это было очень важное совещание. 7. На ее месте я бы давно починил машину.

8. На твоем месте я бы его никогда не простила.

9. На твоем месте я бы посмотрел этот документальный фильм месяц назад.

10. На твоем месте я бы лучше подготовил доклад. Твое выступление никому не понравилось.

Task 82. Focus on the pattern

I WISH SMB DID / HAD DONE SOMETHING

Present / Future time reference

I wish smb did / were… – Жаль, что…/Как бы я хотел(а)…

e.g.: I wish I were at home now. I would watch Game of Thrones. – Жаль, что я сейчас не дома. Я бы посмотрел «Игру Престолов».

Past time reference

I wish smb had done /had been… – Жаль, что… Как бы я хотел(а), чтобы…

e.g.:IwishIhadn’tforgottenaboutmywife’sbirthday.Shewillneverforgiveme. – Какжаль,

что я забыл про день рождения своей жены. Она меня теперь никогда не простит.

Обратите внимание, что данная структура может переводиться двумя способами

. Второй перевод ( имеет зеркальное отражение(Жаль… / .КакВышеуказанныебы я хотел…примеры) можно перевестиКак быследующимя хотел…)способом:

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I wish I were at home now. – Как бы я хотел сейчас оказаться дома.

I wish I had not forgotten about my wife’s birthday. – Как бы я хотел не забыть про день рождения своей жены.

Task 83. Translate into Russian. State the time reference.

1. I wish you were kinder to people.

2. I wish all my family had a green card in the USA.

3. I wish I had prepared better for my exam.

4. I wish our flat were not so small.

5. I wish I had met you 25 years ago.

6. I wish I were not afraid of parachuting.

7. I wish Jim had two rickets for the Cirque du Soleil show.

8. I wish I had done this grammar exercises yesterday.

9. I wish we had read about this tragedy in the morning newspapers.

10. I wish I had seen my boss before I said all those words.

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14. I wish people (not to call) me Kitty.

15. I wish you (to enter) Oxford.

Task 86. Use the correct verb form. Mind the past time reference.

1. I wish I (to do) this grammar exercises yesterday.

2. I wish I (to meet) you 25 years ago.

3. I wish I (to read) about this tragedy in the newspapers.

4. I wish I (to see) my boss before I said all those words.

5. I wish I (to prepare) better for my exam.

6. I wish I (to ring up) him yesterday.

7. I wish I (to practise) more in driving.

8. I wish you (to tell) me about your illness.

9. I wish you (to give) me your spare ticket to the theater.

10. I wish you (to go) to that war.

11. I wish Sam (to pass) his last exam.

12. I wish Dina (to become) a world-known actress.

13. I wish I (to leave) for the USA in 1998.

14. I wish I (to get) a degree.

15. I wish Liza (to marry) Peter in 1978.

Task 87. Use the correct verb form. Mind the time reference.

1. I wish you (not to tell) me the whole truth.

2. I wish you (not to stay) here when I left for the USA.

3. I wish you (not to cook) that cake.

4. I wish she (to win) the Oscar for best actress.

5. I wish he (not to miss) the train.

6. I wish we (to go) the library oftener.

7. I wish they (not to buy) that old house.

8. I wish they (not to gossip) about my marriage.

9. I wish they (not to rob) that house.

10. I wish they (to enter) the university.

11. I wish she (to invite) me to her birthday party she had last Friday night.

12. I wish I (to leave) for Madrid when I had a chance to do it.

13. I wish Anna never (to call) me.

14. I wish I never (to marry) Mark. He turned out to be a miser.

15. I wish Sam (not to die) in that war.

Task 88. Translate into English.

A. Present / Future time reference.

1. Жаль, что Ким здесь.

2. Жаль, что Майкла здесь нет.

3. Жаль, что у меня серые глаза. 4. Жаль, что у тебя не карие глаза. 5. Жаль, что я снимаю квартиру.

6. Жаль, что ты не снимаешь квартиру.

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7.Жаль, что ты не из Лондона.

8.Жаль, что ты из Смоленска.

9.Жаль, что ты так думаешь.

10.Жаль, что ты ее не знаешь.

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