Времена английского глагола в сравнении = English Tenses Compared. Пособие

It is supposed that he is in Paris. =

He is supposed to be in Paris.

It was said that he was a kind man. =

He was said to be a kind man.

Stative passive

a)I locked the door five minutes ago.

b)The door was locked by me five minutes ago.

c)Now the door is locked.

d)Ann broke the window.

e)The window was broken by Ann.

f)Now the window is broken.

The passive form may be used to describe an existing situation or state, as in (c) and (f). No action is taking place. The action happened before. There is no ‘by phrase.’ The past participle functions as an adjective.

When the passive form expresses an existing state rather than an action, it is called the ‘stative passive.’

Here are some more examples of the stative passive:

I am interested in Chinese art.

He is satisfied with his job.

Ann is married to Alec.

I don’t know where I am. I am lost.

I can’t find my purse. It is gone.

I am finished with my work.

I am done with my work.

Practice

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.

1. There isn’t any food left. All of it (eat)! 2. I couldn’t wear my suit last Saturday. It (clean). 3. We didn’t go to the party on Saturday be-

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cause we (not/invite). 4. Wine (produce) in many parts of France. 5. I can’t find my car anywhere. I think it (steal). 6. By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They (all / sell). 7. How many languages (speak) in Switzerland? 8. The Tower of London (build) at the beginning of the eleventh century. 9. ‘What’s going on in the hall?’ ‘The windows (wash).’ 10. Our house (break into) last week.

11.We couldn’t use the photocopier yesterday morning. It (repair).

12.When (television/ invent)? 13. A compass (use) for showing direction. 14. Have you heard? The old police station (repaint). 15. At present our company (reorganize). 16. Millions of cars (export) from Japan every month. 17. (credit cards / accept) in your shop? 18. I (frighten) to death when I drove through Paris last month. 19. His car (damage) in an accident last month. 20. ‘What’s happened?’ ‘The window (break).’

21.‘Can I take the documents?’ ‘I’m afraid not. They (not / type) yet.’

22.An island (surround) by water. 23. No woman (elect) President of the USA. 24. Even though construction costs are high, a new dormitory (build) next year. 25. The class was too large, so it (divide) into two sections. 26. A bracelet (wear) around the wrist. 27. The Johnsons’ house burned down. According to the inspector, the fire (cause) by lightning. 28. ‘Is the plane going to be late?’ ‘No. It (expect) to be on time.’

29.The new highway (complete) sometime next month. 30. The World Cup soccer games (televise) all over the world. 31. The Washington Monument (visit) by hundreds of people every day. 32. I had to wait a little. When I came the students (test). 33. Last week I (offer) a job at a local bank, but I didn’t accept. 34. I read about a hunter who (kill) by a wild animal. The hunter’s fatal accident (report) in the newspaper yesterday. 35. I (just / tell) my house (knock down) next month. 36. Language skills (teach) in every school in the country. 37. The exact time of the match (not / decide) yet. 38. This composition (write) by Ali. That one (write) by Yoko. 39. Paper, the main writing material today, (invent) by the Chinese. 40. When (the room / clean)? 41. How (the window / break)? 42. (anybody / injure) in the accident?. 43. My brother (bite) by a dog last week. 44. How often (these rooms / clean)? 45. Many foreign movies (show) on television. 46. ‘Is this an old movie?’ ‘Yes, it (make) in 1949.’ 47. Tony (bear) in Rome. Where (you / bear)? 48. The documents (type) by the time you return. 49. She (inform) about the results of the research as soon as it (finish) next month. 50. He told me not to worry as the letter (send) by 6 o’clock. 51. There are a lot of students in the hall.

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A new film (show). 52. Maria is happy. She (offer) a good job. Peggy is also very happy. She (award) a scholarship. 53. Rice (grow) in many countries. 54. I (tell) to be here at ten o’clock. 55. ‘(you / send) an invitation to the wedding?’ ‘No.’ 56. Dinner (serve) at six. 57. A test (give) in the next room right now. 58. You (send) a bill at the end of the month.

59.Fred is pleased. He (pay) five hundred dollars in consulting fees.

60.Don’t water the plants. They (just / water). 61. Jim felt hurt as he (punish) for nothing. 62. The farmer’s wagon (pull) by two horses.

63.The address should (write) on the front of the envelope. 64. The talks (hold) from 2 till 3 p.m. yesterday. 65. A new idea (suggest) by Shirley. She is very proud of it. 66. The librarian said that the book (return) to the library some days ago. 67. By this time tomorrow, the announcement (make). 68. (that course / teach) by Prof. Jackson? I know that it (not / teach) by Prof. Adams. 69. There is a nasty smell coming from the sitting room. The floor (paint) there. 70. I (interview) by the assistant manager. I was very excited during the interview, but I got the job. 71. The accident happened while the cars (load) onto the lorries. 72. These mountains can (see) from a great distance.

74.The town (attack) several times since the beginning of the war.

75.The repairs must (finish) tomorrow. 76. The decision (already / take).

77.There’s somebody behind us. I think we (follow). 78. When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. The furniture (move). 79. The man next door disappeared six months ago. He (not / see) since then. 80. I didn’t realise that our conversation (record). 81. A decision (not / make) until the next morning. 82. The injured man couldn’t walk and had (carry). 83. I told the hotel receptionist I wanted (wake up) at 6.30 the next morning. 84. Please go away. I want (leave) alone. 85. I (not / give) the information I needed. 86. (you / show) the new machine? 87. Chinese New Year (celebrate) in February, depending on the moon. 88. Shampoo (test) on animals before it (sell) in shops. 89. Football (invent) in England and (now / play) all over the world. 90. The contract (sign) after the terms of payment and delivery (discuss). 91. I wonder who else is going (invite).

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.

1. He (run over) by a car. 2. We (wake up) early. 3. I’m sure your work (approve of). 4. (the firemen / send for)? 5. I felt I (look at) and turned round. 6. Her sudden death (much / talk about). 7. She (speak to) the

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moment she comes. 8. The key (look for) since morning but it’s nowhere to be found. 9. The wedding (put off) until September. 10. The paper (blow away) by the wind. 11. The election results (widely / comment on) in the newspapers. 12. Your bad tooth must (pull out). 13. His foolish behaviour could not (account for). 14. (you / well / look after)? 15. She (well / provide for) in her husband’s will. 16. (John / write to) and introduced about the changes? 17. He seldom keeps a promise. He can’t (rely on). 18. Nobody likes (shout at). 19. The army (cut off) from its base. 20. She doesn’t like (see off) at the station. 21. Where have you been? You (ask for) more than once. 22. Though the question (discuss) for a long time no decision (arrive at). 23. The matter (deal with) as soon as possible. 24. This newspaper article (often / refer to). 25. This behaviour (disapprove of). 26. He has (never / hear of) since. 27. He doesn’t like (interfere with) while he is working. 28. All these silly restrictions should (do away with). 29. He can (depend on) to keep strict silence. 30. The poor child (always / find fault with). 31. Soon the boat (lose sight of).

32.He was exceedingly absent-minded and (always / make fun of).

33.The discussion (put an end to) by his sudden arrival. 34. This is certainly a great inconvenience but it must (put up with). 35. These are good examples. They should (make use of) in the report. 36. All his remarks (pay attention to / little). 37. The house (set fire to) in the middle of the night. 38. She said something but her words (take no notice of).

3. Fill in the correct form of the verbs.

A florist is taking a telephone order from a customer.

4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.

Professor Higgins, who (award) a major science prize last month, (invite) to take part in a conference which (hold) in London last week. He

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(meet) at the airport by a driver, who, unfortunately, (give) the name of the wrong hotel to take the professor to. A large reception (organize) for the professor, and at least 200 eminent scientists (invite) to meet him that evening. The poor professor, however, (leave) at a small hotel in a rather bad area, and when he asked to speak to the Head of the Conference Committee he (tell) to try somewhere else because he (not / hear of) there. Luckily, later that evening, the driver (send) to the hotel where the reception (hold), and when he (ask) what he had done with the professor, everyone realised that a mistake (make). The professor says that if he (ever / send) another invitation to a conference he hopes it (organize) more efficiently.

5. Change the sentences from active to passive. Include the ‘by-phrase’ only if necessary.

1.Bob Smith built that house. That house was built by Bob Smith.

2.Someone built this house in 1904. This house was built in 1904. (by someone = unnecessary) 3. People grow rice in India. 4. People speak Spanish in Venezuela. 5. Do people speak Spanish in Peru? 6. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 7. When did someone invent the wheel? 8. People sell hammers at a hardware store. 9. People don’t use this room very often. 10. The president has cancelled the meeting.

11.Someone has cancelled the soccer game. 12. Someone will list my name in the new telephone directory. 13. Someone serves beer and wine at that restaurant. 14. Something confused me in class yesterday.

15.Something embarrassed me yesterday. 16. Someone has changed the name of this street from Bay Avenue to Martin Luther King Way.

17.Someone filmed many of the Tarzan movies in the rain forest in Puerto Rico. 18. My uncle will meet you at the airport. 19. Lightning didn’t cause the fire. 20. Mr Snow hasn’t taught that course since 1990.

21.The best chess player will win the match. 22. A special committee is going to settle the dispute. 23. Did the army surround the enemy?

24.The Persians invented windmills around 1 500 years ago. 25. No one will collect the garbage tomorrow. 26. People spell ‘writing’ with one ‘t’.

27.People spell ‘written’ with two ‘t’s.’ 28. The University of Minnesota has accepted me. 29. People held the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea. 30. No one delivers the mail on holidays. 31. My grandmother made that table. 32. Did my directions confuse you? 33. A maid will clean our hotel room. 34. A doctor has examined the sick child. 35. The

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police arrested James Swan. 36. The news will amaze you. 37. The news will shock Steve. 38. Did Johnny break the window? 39. They are fixing my car today. 40. Look! Someone is feeding the seals. 41. People didn’t build Rome in a day. 42. Someone cut down that tree last week. 43. Sally made that pie. 44. Someone is considering Jack for that job. 45. Three continents surround the Mediterranean Sea. 46. Where do they file that information? 47. Before we arrived, someone had chained the dog to the fence in the backyard. 48. Did the noise from the neighbour’s apartment annoy you last night? 49. Do they make those tractors in this country, or do they import them? 50. They will not provide pencils at the test, so please bring your own. 51. Someone has offered Mike the opportunity to study abroad. 52. When I was living in Kuwait, my neighbour taught me Arabic. 53. Someone awarded Jason a medal for distinguished service in the military. 54. The real estate office will send you a copy of the sales contract. 55. Someone handed me a telegram when I opened the door. 56. People gave Mr Finch a gold watch upon his retirement from the company. 57. Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen. 58. Translators have translated that book into many languages. 59. Jim’s daughter drew that picture. My son drew this picture.

60.The judges will judge the applicants on the basis of their originality.

61.Is Professor Rivers teaching that course this semester? 62. The mail carrier had already delivered the mail by the time I left for school this morning. 63. Someone established this school in 1900. 64. The police caught the bank robber. 65. Someone discovered gold in California in 1848. 66. There is a party tomorrow night. Someone has invited you to go to that party. 67. People used candles for light in the seventeenth century. 68. Someone had already sold the chair by the time you returned to the store. 69. They will tell you the result tomorrow. 70. A large crowd was watching the match. 71. Nobody told me that George was ill. 72. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. 73. We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready. 74. They didn’t ask me my name. 75. They don’t pay Jim very much. 76. They didn’t offer Ann the job. 77. Somebody stole my bag in the shop. 78. The police have arrested three men. 79. The bill includes service. 80. They cancelled all flights because of the fog. 81. Somebody accused me of stealing the money.

82.They are building a new ring-road round the city. 83. Someone services the car every year. 84. They have changed the date of the meeting. 85. Brian told me that someone had attacked and robbed him in

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the street. 86. They promised Robert an interview for the job. 87. They showed Sarah the photographs. 88. Normally, they pay me salary every month. 89. I think that they have sent us the wrong tickets. 90. I hope that someone will give Sally the message. 91. The police are questioning Mr and Mrs Morgan. 92. I thought that someone had told you about the meeting. 93. Someone was examining the students in Room 203. 94. A police car is following that green van. 95. They will have delivered the post by 5 o’clock. 96. Two different teachers have marked the exams. 97. People shouted at the Prime Minister during his speech.

6. Change the sentences from active to passive. Include the ‘by-phrase’ only if necessary.

1. First we send you a letter inviting you to an interview. 2. Has anyone answered your question? 3. Somebody found your keys on top of the photocopier. 4. A scientist discovered penicillin in 1928. 5. They didn’t look after the children carefully. 6. He hasn’t slept in this bed. 7. They threw him out. 8. Burglars broke into the house. 9. They took down the notice. 10. People often take him for his brother. 11. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time. 12. The crowd shouted him down. 13. We called in the police. 14. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on. 15. They sent for the doctor immediately. 16. People always laugh at him. 17. He is a good specialist. Everybody speaks highly of him. 18. The students always listen attentively to this lecturer. 19. Everybody insisted on his arrival. 20. We didn’t hear of her for some time. 21. Nobody paid any attention to his behaviour. 22. They strongly objected to his proposal. 23. They always read to her because she has poor sight. 24. The children took great care of the dog. 25. They never refer to this book. 26. The milkman brings the milk to my door but the postman leaves the letters in the hall. 27. People steal things from supermarkets every day; someone stole twenty bottles of whisky from this one last week. 28. Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it last week. 29. The postman clears this box three times a day. He last cleared it at 2.30. 30. Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning. 31. We never saw him in the dining room. A maid took all his meals up to him. 32. Someone left this purse in a classroom yesterday; the cleaner found it. 33. We build well over 1,000 new houses a year. Last year we built 1,500. 34. We serve hot

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meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30. 35. Passengers leave all sorts of things in buses. The conductors collect them and send them to the Lost Property Office. 36. An ambulance took the sick man to hospital. 37. The hall porter polishes the knockers of all the flats every day. — Well, he hasn’t polished mine for a week. 38. They are repairing my piano at the moment. 39. They invited Jack but they didn’t invite Tom. 40. The guests ate all the sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing. 41. Has someone posted my parcel? 42. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan? 43. I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more. 44. They haven’t stamped the letter. 45. They didn’t pay me for the work; they expected me to do it for nothing. 46. She didn’t introduce me to her mother. 47. They threw away the rubbish. 48. A Japanese firm makes these television sets. 49. An earthquake destroyed the town. 50. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight. 51. They brought the children up in Italy. 52. They have taken down the For Sale notice, so I suppose they have sold the house. 53. We have warned you. 54. A lorry knocked him down. 55. They returned the keys to me; someone had picked them up in the street. 56. They have tried other people’s schemes. Why have they never tried my scheme? 57. We use this room only on special occasions. 58. They are pulling down the old theatre. 59. Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in? 60. The burglars had cut a big hole in the steel door. 61. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. 62. Who wrote it? 63. He expected us to offer him a job. 64. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 65. Lightning struck the old oak. 66. The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle’s will. 67. Students are doing a lot of work. 68. They will wear evening dress. 69. People used the house as a hospital during the war. 70. People are poisoning millions of fish in the North Sea. 71. This company employs two hundred people. 72. They have recently made redundant a lot of people in our town. 73. Someone had given her the wrong number. 74. Someone will announce the winners of the competition next week. 75. They usually mark the papers in July. 76. When we got to the airport, we heard that they had cancelled all the flights. 77. When are they going to finish the new ring road? 78. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 79. Members may keep the books for three weeks. After that they must return them. 80. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 81. You must

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not hammer nails into the walls without permission. 82. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 83. You can’t wash this dress; you must dry-clean it. 84. Passengers shouldn’t throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey. 85. You must keep dogs on leads in the garden. 86. Visitors must leave umbrellas in the cloakroom. 87. We can’t repair your clock. 88. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning; otherwise we can’t get it to the market in time. 89. The police shouldn’t allow people to park there.

90.You mustn’t move this man; he is too ill. You’ll have to leave him here.

91.We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home. 92. You shouldn’t leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up. 93. You will have to finish this work by Friday. 94. Good news! They may offer me a job soon. 95. People cannot control the weather. 96. Someone ought to repair this broken window. 97. People can pick tomatoes before they are completely ripe. 98. You shouldn’t put bananas in the freezer. 99. Jack has a right to know. You ought to tell him the news immediately. 100. Don’t worry. We can repair your watch very easily.

7. Fill in the correct prepositions.

1. I was woken ... by a telephone call. 2. Don’t put on that funny old dress. You’ll be laughed ... . 3. Gossip must be put an end ... . 4. His suggestions are never objected ... . 5. She insisted that Jack should be written

... . 6. My watch is fast, it cannot be relied ... . 7. In the production of those goods this material has been made use ... . 8. Will he be taken good care ... at that sanatorium? 9. His late arrival wasn’t taken any notice ... .

10. This incident has never been referred ... again. 11. My gloves were being looked ... everywhere. 12. All the new magazines have been looked

... with great attention. 13. Our house was broken ... at the weekend. 14. Why was his presence insisted ... ? 15. He will be operated ... in a week. 16. My old life was done... ... . 17. His rudeness will never be put up ... .

18. He should not be interfered ... . 19. The public ought to be warned

... him. 20. Mr Dobson has been sent ... and he will soon come. 21. The Prime Minister spoke very long. He was listened ... in complete silence. 22. Half the houses in the street are being pulled ... to make room for the new post office. 23. Hurry up. You are being waited ... downstairs. 24. That old chair should be thrown ... . 25. You’ll be thrown ... if you

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don’t pay the rent. 26. I am sure that one day cancer will be done ... ... .

27. This cellar has never been lived ... . 28. Payment in cash is provided

... by the contract. 29. The late arrival of the steamer is accounted ... by a storm on the sea. 30. It’s a busy road and I don’t like crossing it. I’m afraid of being knocked... . 31. I’m sure this event will be commented ...

in the newspapers. 32. When we came to the airport, the ship had been lost sight ... . 33. Why is he always made fun ... ?

8. Turn the following passages into the passive, then retell the texts.

1.Somebody sent me a bunch of flowers. The man from the flower shop delivered them to my house. He told me that they were a present. A young man had ordered them. He had put no card in the flowers. I still don’t know who sent them.

2.Someone started a fire in the Courtney National Park early yesterday morning. They had used a match and some petrol to start the fire. The fire had burnt a lot of trees before someone called the brigade. The police have arrested a man. They are still questioning him.

3.(Julia’s preparations for the wedding)

She booked the church two months ago. She has already sent out the invitations and has ordered the cake. She hasn’t picked up the wedding dress yet. She will pick it up on Friday. The florist will deliver the flowers on Saturday morning. The hairdresser will style her hair right before the wedding.

4.Somebody has stolen a bus from outside the school. Some children saw the thief. The police are searching for the bus now. They will use the children’s descriptions to catch the thief.

5.Someone broke into a local jewellery shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied him up. The police have organised a search for the robber. They hope they will find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

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