Времена английского глагола в сравнении = English Tenses Compared. Пособие

PRACTICE

1. Read these sentences. If they are based on an official timetable or calendar, put the verb into the Present Simple. If they are about plans or arrangements that people have for the future, put the verb into the Present Continuous.

1. ...Simon’s plane arrives... just before midnight. (Simon’s plane / arrive) 2. ... a barbecue tomorrow if it’s fine. (We / have)

3. ... at half past two. (The meeting / start)

4. ... this evening. (A few friends / come round) 5. What time ... ? (the last bus / leave)

6. ... at nine so I’ll be home by ten. (The match / finish) 7. ... Janet for lunch at about one thirty today. (I / meet) 8. ... school in September. (Becky / finish)

9. ... to the match tomorrow. (Everybody / go) 10. ... trains in Manchester. (We / change)

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple, the Present Continuous or the Present Simple.

1. I am sure that I (recognize) him. 2. Look! I’ve broken the teapot. What (Mrs Pitt / say)? – She (not / mind), she never liked that one. 3. There (be) a big meeting here tomorrow. 4. We (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 5. The concert this evening (start) at 7.30. 6. I (not / go) away for my holidays next month because I haven’t got enough money. (you / go) away? 7. He has cut my hair too short. — Don’t worry; it (grow) again very quickly. 8. Ann, we (go) to town. (you / come) with us? 9. What time (the next train / leave)? 10. Where (you / meet) them? — I (meet) them at midnight in the middle of the wood. 11. He (not / forget) to come. 12. The art exhibition (open) on 3 May and (finish) on 15 July. 13. George, is it true that you (get) married next week? 14. I wonder if he (succeed). 15. I (know) the result in a week. 16. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch. 17. I wonder how many of us (still / be) here next year. 18. Newspaper announcement: The President (drive) along the High Street in an open carriage. 19. (you / do) anything tonight? — Yes, I (go) to my carpentry class. 20. Announcement: Mr Pitt (present) the prizes. 21. The Queen (give) a garden party next week. (you / go)? 22. Notice: The management (not / be) responsible for

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articles left on the seats. 23. What (we / do) now? — Wait. 24. My grandparents (celebrate) their golden wedding next week. 25. (we / go) to the cinema? — Let’s. 26. What (we / do) with all the food that’s left over?

27.When (you / hear) the result? — I (not / hear) for another week.

28.I (not / have) to do any cooking for a month. I’m going to a hotel.

29.(I / put) more salt in the stew? — Please do. 30. I (go) to the dentist tomorrow. Mr Pitt (take) my class. 31. There’s someone at the door. — Is there? Oh, I (see) who it is. 32. I’m a bit cold. I think I (put on) a sweater. 33. I (catch) the 6.30 plane tomorrow. — Where (you / leave) your car? — I (not / take) the car. 34. (you / turn) off the TV, please? No one is watching it. 35. Where (you / go) for your next holiday? — I don’t know yet but we (probably / go) to Spain. 36. We (have) a drink with Peter tonight. It’s his last night; he (leave) tomorrow. 37. I (see) my bank manager tomorrow. I’m going to ask him for a loan but I expect he (refuse). 38. I (probably / come) to London some time next month. I (give) you a ring nearer the time and tell you when I (come). 39. We’d better leave a message for Jack. Otherwise he (not / know) where we’ve gone. — All right. I (leave) a note on his table. 40. Where (you / meet) Tom? — We (meet) at Covent Garden. He (take) me to see the Magic Flute. 41. (I / wait) for you? —No, don’t bother. This (take) a long time, I’m sure, and I don’t want you to miss your train. 42. I (fly) to New York next week. — (you / take) your wife with you? 43. I (ring) Peter tonight. (We have arranged this.) (I / ask) him to ring you? — No, don’t bother. I (be) away most of the week. I (write) to him. 44. Mary: Jack and I (go) out tonight. We (have) dinner at the Festival Hall and (go) to a concert afterwards. Ann: And what about the children? I (come) and babysit if you like. Mary: Oh, my neighbour (come) in to sit with them. But thank you for offering, Ann. I (ask) you next time.

45.

Gary: What (you/plan) to do after the exams? (you/stay) in London? Angela: No, I (leave) on Saturday. I’ve bought my ticket already. I (visit)

my brother in Wales. What (you/do)?

Gary: I think I (start) looking for a job. I (need) some extra money because my mum (come) here in August. She (stay) with me for a month. I (plan) to show her London.

Angela: When exactly (she/arrive)?

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Gary: Her flight (arrive) at Heathrow airport at 4.30 p.m. on August 3rd. I (meet) her there.

Angela: You’ve missed her a lot, haven’t you? Gary: Yes. I (look forward) to seeing her.

Going to

1. We use going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future, it expresses a premeditated intention. The going to future shows that we have a clear plan in our mind.

I’m going to have a party next weekend. (I have a plan to have a party.) He’s going to buy a second-hand car. (He intends to buy a secondhand car.)

—A: There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?

B:No, I’m too tired. I’m going to have an early night.

—A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do with it?

B:I’ve heard she’s going to travel round the world.

—A: Have you made the coffee yet?

B:No, but I’m just going to make it. (just = just at this moment)

2.Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it is based on а present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to happen.

She’s going to have a baby. (We can see she’s pregnant.)

Liverpool are going to win the match. (It’s four nil, and there’s only five minutes left.)

It isn’t going to rain. (Look at that lovely blue sky.)

Watch out! Those boxes are going to fall over! Oh dear. Too late.

3. We use was / were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn’t do).

—We were going to travel by train but then we decided to go by car.

—A: Did Tom do the examination?

B: No, he was going to do it but in the end he changed his mind.

—I was just going to cross the road when someone shouted ‘Stop!’

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Will or Be going to?

1. We use both will and going to in predictions about the future, but there is a difference:

2. We use both will and going to to express intention, to talk what we intend to do but there is a difference here:

PRACTICE

1. Complete the sentences using will or going to and the verbs in brackets.

1. What can I do this evening? I know! I (go) and see Sue. 2. ‘Would you like to come to my house this evening?’ ‘Yes, all right. I (come) at 9 o’clock.’ 3. I don’t feel very well. I think I (faint). 4. ‘It’s Simon’s birthday soon. I’ve decided to buy him the new Blues Brothers record.’ ‘Oh,

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he doesn’t like the Blues Brothers any more.’ ‘Oh, really? Well, I (get) him something to wear.’ 5. Oh, no! Look at those cars! They (crash)! 6. ‘I could lend you some money if you like.’ ‘Could you? I (pay) you back on Friday.’ 7. ‘Why did you buy this flour?’ ‘I (make) some bread.’ 8. ‘Could you get me a glass of water?’ ‘Certainly. I (get) you one. Would you like some ice in it?’ 9. I arranged to borrow some money because I (buy) a motorcycle tomorrow. 10. ‘Could someone please open the window?’ ‘I (do) it.’ 11. ‘I (wear) a dark suit to the wedding reception. How about you?’ ‘I’m not sure.’ 12. ‘What are your vacation plans?’ ‘I (spend) two weeks on a Greek island.’ 13. ‘Hi, Josh. I hear that you (move) into a new apartment.’ ‘That’s right. Sara and I found a great apartment on 45th Street.’ ‘I (help) you on moving day if you like.’ 14. ‘So you (get) married.’ ‘That’s right. On September 22nd.’ ‘My congratulations.’ 15. ‘If you can wait just a few minutes, I (walk) to the meeting with you.’ ‘Okay. I (meet) you by the elevator.’ 16. ‘Can you give Ed a message for me?’ ‘Sure. I (probably / see) him at the meeting this evening.’ 17. ‘What do you want to be when you grow up?’ ‘I (be) an astronaut.’ 18. ‘What’s all this paint for? (you / paint) your house?’ ‘No, we (paint) my mother’s house.’ 19. ‘Let’s make something easy for dinner. Got any ideas?’ ‘I (make) some hamburgers. Why don’t you make a salad?’ ‘Sounds good.’ 20. ‘Excuse me, waiter! This isn’t what I ordered. I ordered a chicken sandwich.’ ‘Sorry, sir, I (take) this back and get your sandwich.’ 21. ‘Did you remember to book seats?’ ‘Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) for them now.’ 22. ‘(you / buy) meat?’ ‘No, I (not / eat) meat any more. I (eat) vegetables.’ 23. ‘Look what I’ve just bought at an auction!’ ‘What an extraordinary thing! Where (you / put) it?’ 24. ‘(you / open) the door for me, please?’ ‘Yes, certainly’ 25. ‘(you / do) the washing-up tonight?’ ‘No, I think it can wait till tomorrow.’ 26. ‘(you / lend) me your season ticket?’ ‘No, I (not / lend) it to you. It is against the law.’ 27. I haven’t bought any cigarettes because I (give) up smoking. 28. ‘There’s the phone again. Take no notice.’ ‘(you / not answer) it?’ 29. That boat’s full of water. It (sink)! 30. You aren’t wearing your climbing boots. (you / not climb) the mountain with the others? 31. ‘(you / lend) me your fishing rod?’ ‘Yes, of course. Where (you / fish)?’ 32. ‘(you / eat) any more of this, or (I / tell) the waiter to take it away?’ 33. ‘(you / bath) your dog?’ ‘Yes, (you / help) me?’ 34. Five French sailors (sail) round the world on a catamaran. They hope that they (complete) their trip in only 79 days. If they succeed, they (set) a

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new world record. Jean Dubois told our reporter, ‘It (be) an easy journey. Our worst problem (probably / be) seasickness.’ 35. ‘(we / meet) on Sunday?’ ‘Sorry, but I (visit) my aunt. She is expecting me.’ 36. ‘Is Dave coming to the party?’ ‘Yes, but he (probably/be) late.’ 37. I heard on TV last night that Portsmouth Council (build) a new swimming pool in the centre of town. They (start) work in July and the pool (probably / be finished) by September. The Mayor said, ‘I’m sure the people of Portsmouth (welcome) the new pool. I hope they (understand) the temporary problems which (be caused) in the centre of town.’ The opposition leader does not seem to like the idea. He (organise) a protest to stop the council wasting public money, and he believes that the majority of the people living in Portsmouth (support) him.

38. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He hasn’t got a car.

John: Alan, can you take me to the airport this evening? Alan: Of course I (take) you. I’d be delighted.

Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.

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41. A: Why is Carlos wearing a suit and tie? He usually wears jeans to class.

B:He (give) a speech at the faculty lunch today.

A:Really? What (he / speak) about?

B:About university study in his country.

Present Continuous (I am doing) or Going to?

1. Present Continuous is more natural when you are talking about planned arrangements, going to is preferable when you are talking about planned intentions.

Notice the difference in meaning between:

Present Continuous

I’m buying a new car on Saturday. (It is arranged, already organized.)

Going to

I am going to buy a new car.

(I intend to buy one, but I have no particular car in mind.)

There is often little difference between a future intention and a future arrangement, and often going to and the Present Continuous are interchangeable.

We’re going to see

Hamlet at the Royal Theatre tonight.

We’re seeing

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2. When we make predictions about the future, we can use going to (or will), but not the Present Continuous.

It’s going to rain tomorrow. (It’s raining tomorrow is not possible.)

PRACTICE

Complete these sentences. Put in the Present Continuous or going to.

1. It’s 6.30. We (miss) our train. 2. (you / eat) all that? 3. This airplane (crash). 4. I’ve lent you my car once. I (not / do) it again. 5. I (play) bridge tonight with Tom and Ann. 6. What (you / tell) the police? — I (tell) them the truth. 7. What (you / do) with the money? 8. I (read) you his answer to my letter of complaint. 9. There was very little blossom this spring. Apples (be) scarce. 10. I don’t like this macaroni. I (not / finish) it. 11. Mr Pitt has just phoned to say that he (not / come) back till Wednesday night. 12. Her parents (give) a party for her next month. They (invite) sixty guests. 13. The inspector (ask) you a few questions. 14. (he / wash) the car? 15. She (sing) in her first big concert next month.

16.He (go) to Spain for his holidays. — (he / fly)? — No, he (go) by boat.

17.Where (you / go) this evening? — I (not go) anywhere. I (stay) at home. I (write) some letters. 18. (you / do) anything next weekend? – Yes, my nephews (come) and I (show) them round London. — (you / take) them to the theatre? — No, they’re too young for that. I (take) them to the zoo. 19. Where (you / go) for your holidays? — I (go) to Norway. — What (you / do) there? — I (fish). 20. We (start) early tomorrow. We (go) to Ben Nevis. — (you / climb) Ben Nevis? — Not me. Tom (climb) it. I (sit) at the bottom and do some sketching. 21. I hear you (go) to the regatta tomorrow. (you / sail) in it? — No, but we (take) our cameras. We (try) to photograph the winning yachts. 22. (you / not / ask) your boss for a rise? — It isn’t worth while. I (leave) at the end of the week. — Really? And what (you / do) then? (you / have) a holiday? — No, I (start) another job the following Monday. 23. Mrs Jones (go) to hospital. She (have) her appendix out. — Who (look) after the children? – Her sister (come) down from Scotland. 24. He isn’t happy at his boarding school. I (send) him to a day school. — Have you decided on

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the other school? — No, but I (see) the headmaster of the Park School this afternoon. I’ll probably send him there. 25. I (buy) a new coat. The weather report says that it (be) very cold. 26. I hear you’ve bought a new house. — Yes. I (move) in next week. — (you / have) a house warming party? — Not just yet. I (paint) the house first. 27. That rider (fall) off. 28. Ann has won a car in a competition but she can’t drive. Tom asks her, ‘What (you / do) with the car? (you / sell) it?’ Ann answers, ‘No, I (learn) to drive. I (have) my first lesson next Monday.’ 29. Be careful! You (break) that glass. 30. He (not / come) next Saturday. 31. Look out! You (hurt) yourself with that knife. 32. It (snow) later tonight.

Future Continuous

FORM

The Future Continuous tense is formed with will be + an -ing form.

USE

1. We use the Future Continuous (will be doing) to talk about something which will be in progress at a time in the future.

I’ll be having dinner at 7.00.

Don’t phone me at 8.00. I’ll be doing my homework then. What will you be doing this time next week?

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I’ll be waiting at the station when your train arrives.

2. We also use the Future Continuous for planned actions.

I’ll be going to the city centre later. Can I get you anything?

With this meaning will be doing is similar to am doing.

I’m going to the city centre later.

‘Would you like me to give Peter a message for you?’ ‘Oh, I don’t want to trouble you.’ ‘It’s no trouble, really. I’ll be seeing Peter tomorrow anyway.’

We often use will (you) be-ing? to ask about people’s plans, especially when we want something or want someone to do something.

‘Will you be using your bicycle this evening?’ ‘No, you can take it.’ ‘Will you be passing the post office when you go out?’ ‘Yes, why?’

When we use will be doing form in this way, it often suggests that we do not want to change the other person’s plans.

3. The Future Continuous also expresses an action that will occur in the natural course of events, independently of the will or intention of anyone directly concerned.

In a few minutes we will be landing at Heathrow Airport. Hurry up! The bus will be leaving any minute.

PRACTICE

Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous or the Future Simple.

1.I’ll call for her at 7. — No, don’t; she (still / have) breakfast then.

2.You’ve just missed the last train! —Never mind. I (walk). 3. You ask him. — It’s no good my asking him. He (not / do) anything I say. 4. He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I’m sure he (forget) to do it.

5.Don’t ring now; she (watch) her favourite TV programme. — All right. I (ring) at 8.30. 6. Mother: I’m so grateful for the help you’ve given Jack; I hope you (be) able to go on helping him. Teacher: I’m afraid I (not / teach) him next term because I only teach the fifth form and he (be) in the sixth. 7. Schoolboy (in school dining hall): The

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